1 10 15 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/29a8a183ea79891a9ca4acf57ec064e8.pdf 14732e229894df0e552c36aed45b04a7 PDF Text Text Interview with a Psychologist About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #12 – Pre-1980 Birthdate September 2018 Technology is changing rapidly and with it comes the changing of people and how they carry out their day to day activities. This oral history interview with a professor at Oxford College of Emory University conducted by Oxford College student Michele Chen, reveals one person’s relationship with technology as she learns to use it and watches those around her grow up with it. This individual would fall under what Michael Levy would describe as a digital immigrant because she was born between 1950 and 1955. MC: Tell me about why you chose your computer. POS: Because it's what I do most of my work on. MC: Okay. What apps or programs, if any do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? POS: sighs. I use the calendar, um, I certainly use YouTube a lot. I know that's not an app per se. MC: But it's a program. POS: Yeah, it's a program. YouTube. Uhm. And you're talking specifically as it relates to work? MC: Anything in general. POS: Okay, so um, Facebook ... MC: You're on Facebook? That's very modern. POS: chuckles. Well I'm not antiquated. laughs. Um, what else? And then you know for all my professional work, for writing papers, I use Dropbox, I use OneDrive, um, I certainly use iTunes, I have to almost look at my computer at home to tell you everything. MC: What are your main activities? I think you already answered this. POS: Mostly for professional reasons. Papers for professional conferences, PowerPoint, um, and certainly emails. MC: What patterns do you notice in your activities and the role your device plays in them? POS: Well, again, they support my professional life. MC: What important activities are not reflected on your device? POS: Meditation. MC: Do you use a meditation app? POS: No. Actually spending time with families and friends. Um, I typically do not get my news from a computer. I typically get it from the radio or the TV. � 2:35 MC: Next I'd like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of people you were involved with in the past month. For example, you might have records of people you have contacted or who have contacted you. please provide roles or relationship names. POS: I would say students. and of course, I use Canvas. MC: I like how your canvas messages are always so colorful. POS: Oh yeah, well I like to mix it up. MC: What patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it. POS: Well again, emails from students requesting appointments, asking questions, preparations for quizzes, questions about that. and I do a lot of work on canvas. MC: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over the other? POS: What do you mean in terms of the computer? MC: Like do you use specific ways to contact people depending on the person or situation? POS: I almost always use email. very rarely use iMessaging. I do sometimes. MC: What important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? POS: On your device? Say it again. MC: What important interactions with people are not reflected on your device? So for example, you might call your daughter a lot but that's not reflected on the computer. POS: Oh, right, right. That's why I asked. On the computer or not. If it's not on the computer than yes, phone conversations, and just eyeball to eyeball conversations. Both: chuckles. 4:36 MC: Okay now I would like to ask you about records of places you have to in the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in mapping applications such as google maps, etc. POS: I certainly use those apps. I use Waze, I use google, what was the first thing you asked about? MC: Records of places you have on your calendar? POS: And calendar, I use my calendar. �MC: What patterns do you notice about the places you visit and your movement from place to place? POS: On the computer? MC: Yeah, on the computer. POS: Okay, I would say I’m pretty solid with emails and Facebook when I’m bored. chuckles. MC: Okay, how did you first learn to navigate new locations? POS: Can you give me an example? Like if I'm trying to use the calendar? Is that what you're asking? MC: I guess if you were to travel to a different country, like you're going on vacation, how would you navigate the area? POS: So, this is not the computer then? I think you mean the navigation on the computer. MC: So, do you plan ahead like make an itinerary ahead of time on the computer? POS: This is not clear to me. MC: Okay, we can skip. POS: Okay, okay MC: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected in information on your device? POS: Alright, tell me what you mean by place. I don't know if you mean places as in apps on the computer or places in my world. MC: Places in your world. POS: Oh, then maybe you should go back to the question, the proceeding question. MC: How did you first learn to navigate new locations? POS: Oh, okay. Um, well I don't know. I mean it goes back to when I was learning how to drive, and we certainly didn't have google maps and we didn't have a computer, so I couldn't go online to get directions from the computer. Just through verbal instructions from people. MC: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your computer? So, I guess you said you use Waze and google maps to go from place to place? POS: Mhm. 7:25 MC: The last set of questions is about entertainment so like Netflix and movies. What apps or program do you use most to access or produce media? �POS: Well I use iTunes and I use, um, YouTube and then of course we have the capacity to stream videos as faculty members like today i am showing a streamed documentary to my psych of gender class so. MC: Can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant to you? POS: Well, as a teacher, I use a lot of YouTube. You see that in child development. um. and I would say streaming documentaries and videos. MC: Are we ever going to get a chance to watch the documentary on our syllabus? POS: Probably not. but I can make it available and you get it through our library. MC: What patterns do you notice in your media use? POS: Well I'm not sure again what you're asking. I use YouTube, I use iTunes, I use streaming. MC: How do you store your media? POS: For classroom purposes, I keep the link on PowerPoint basically and on my jump drive. MC: What are some ways you share media with others? so like with canvas, you share stuff with us. POS: Yeah, canvas. and of course, through my PowerPoints, I embed videos and i embed a lot as you've already seen. um, so i would say that's the main method and i would do as attachment to friends and um relatives, videos by attachments. MC: What strategies do you use to protect your privacy? POS: I just use the standard virus protection program and I have lots of passwords - lots of different passwords. MC: chuckles That's good. What important media is not reflected in your device? I think you mentioned before you listen to the radio - POS: For news, yes. MC: Are there any others? POS: I mean, I typically do read the New York Times online, but I would rather read it from a printed copy. MC: Do you have it delivered to your home? POS: On the weekends. So, over the weekend, since it's gigantic over the weekend, I do have it delivered and I really enjoy holding it but during the week, I read it online. MC: What is the big newspaper company in Georgia? POS: The Atlanta Journal Constitution. MC: The Atlanta Journal Constitution? POS: We receive that. MC: Is that kind of like the Georgia version of the New York Times? �POS: Well, yeah, it's like the Georgia version. it's not like the New York Times, but yeah, it's the major newspaper for Georgia. 11:28 MC: How did you start using digital technology? POS: When it became available. It was necessary as a teacher and as a faculty member. MC: Did you use it a lot during grad school? POS: No, because we had very limited. Yes, I did use it in graduate school. I used it to write my doctoral dissertation, but it was so different from what we have now. It's far more cumbersome. i didn't use it in college, but I did use it for graduate school. MC: So, do you think technology has helped? POS: Oh yes, yes. that's why when you said you're not a fan of iPhones ... I am a fan of iPhones. I keep mine out all the time. I'm not a fan of students using them in the classroom. because I find it rude and they're distractors and they don't lead to deep learning at all and that's what I’m not a fan of - I'm not a fan of disrespectful use of them. MC: Oh, okay. Thank you for clarifying. POS: Yeah. MC: How has your relationship with computers changed over time? POS: Well, I'm more skilled so i can use it with a little less anxiety and it's just part of life now and it certainly - you know I'm presenting a paper in Norway next week, that's why you have the week off basically. MC: Norway? POS: Read your syllabus. anyhow you know, I've finished writing my paper for that that I'm presenting and you know, it used to be when I was a first or second year as an undergraduate, I was using a typewriter where you had to use white out so you can imagine the amount of time that took so I can't fathom not having a computer these days so I'm a big fan. they make my life easier. MC: This is unrelated but how do you do it? How do you balance everything? Writing papers and teaching? POS: Well you have to be very disciplined and kind of have your life in order. I think having a baby many many years ago teaches you that if you're going to work outside the home and raise children at the same time and be married or be in a partnership, you have to find a way to get all that in and then when you do that it's just discipline you know? Carving out periods of time where you know, from 5 to 8, that's family time. If you notice, and I said this in class, I don't do emails - work emails on the weekend or after about 6-7 at night because I feel like that's my family time and it's my time maybe to do things for myself like read a novel so I think you have to carve out time. �MC: And on top of all of that you're still writing papers. I don't know how you do it. POS: chuckles. Well, I've had a lot of experience. MC: Of the activities you have described so far, which has been the most complex for you to learn? POS: I think Canvas. Prior to Canvas, we had Blackboard. I don't think Canvas is particularly user friendly. MC: You like Blackboard more? POS: I like blackboard more. It's been such a slow process in terms of technology. It's been hard. I think each major milestone is hard for me. But now, you know I've been so accustomed, so Canvas has been the newest. As you see from class, I don't a lot of tech. It's mostly PowerPoint embedded videos and that type of thing. I'm not on the edge of doing a lot of technologically sexy stuff in the classroom so you know, I do what I feel like I need to do. So, I would say going back to your question, Canvas has been my latest struggle. MC: What do you think makes Canvas so difficult to use compared to Blackboard. POS: To me, it's not as intuitive to use as Blackboard is. MC: Okay POS: And I even see our IT experts struggling with it. MC: Why did we make the change? POS: I think it was a university decision and I don't know about that. I’m just a teacher. laughs. MC: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? POS: No, and it's probably due to the fact that I don't know what's out there and I'm not particularly interested. MC: You have what you need. POS: I have what I need, yes. MC: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? POS: I mean for me, it would someone who could simply use a computer well and have a tool bag of some kind to draw from when something goes wrong. I can use technology fairly well as long as everything is working perfectly but when something goes wrong - like for example, in your class, assigning weights to each of your assignments like you know the quizzes and the midterm coming up and all the stuff. That's not as intuitive on Canvas. I didn't do it correctly and when that happened, I was *wailing noises* and so I had to call some IT people and they were having some difficulty too. So, I think having some tools to draw from when something goes wrong and I don't think I have that many. MC: Is there something I did not ask that i should have asked? POS: Hm. I can't think of anything. Many of these are interesting questions, it forces me to look back at my relationship with technology. I will just say this, it's been very anxiety producing to me. I �think, you know, I look at my daughter's journey and I look at my journey, and of course my daughter is much older than you are, but she was using technology since she was a baby. I didn't start using it until I was in my 30's when I was in graduate school and so it's been a very anxiety producing kind of thing for me and I have tried to work on to overcome that. and that's something your generation probably doesn't have a clue about because you were born with it and you've used it constantly, so I think those of us who are older, I mean I can't think of one person in my cohort or age group that doesn't have anxiety around technology to some extent. MC: Are there psychologists who are studying how technology affects children? POS: Oh, oh my gosh, yes. And the picture's not pretty. Oh, there's a lot on that and there's a lot on iPhones and all types of digital vehicles and it's not the technology that's bad, it's the overuse of it and using it - we've talked a bit about this in class - it's using it uh, rather than talking to individuals, it's an obsession with it. I mean I look at all of you folks going around the campus and it's always like this *looks down at hands and begin to pretend texting* and no one looks at you eyeball to eyeball and says, 'how's your day?' I don't know if it was your class I was saying this to, but the faculty have noticed for the first time is on the quad, on beautiful days especially in the spring when the weather begins to get a little warm and now when the temp starts dropping a little bit and it's just nice outside - we used to see students out on the quad either taking naps or talking with one another or having soda or coke with one another. We very rarely see that anymore. Everyone is on their iPhones and everyone is sitting inside with their PCs and laptops and to me it's a huge loss for your generation. It's a huge loss. In terms of children, we know technology rewires the brain in ways that are negative. So, I don't think it's by chance that ADHD is on the rise because everyone wants an answer now. No one has any patience. If Google can't produce it, something's wrong, and the individual goes crazy. Technology to me is very dangerous. It can be very good for children if used appropriately, but it's not being used appropriately. MC: Has your grandson started using technology yet? POS: Well, he's only 8 months, but I was with him last night and he has all these toys that light up and play music and my daughter was saying she read an article saying that all these slick toys that you're seeing for your children overstimulate babies. MC: Oh, I didn't know overstimulation was a thing. POS: Oh yeah, well you know yourself. If you're wired up over something - it doesn't have to be technology - it may be a phone call from a family member and things are crazy at home and it's right before you go to sleep, you're wired and it's hard for you to fall asleep. Technology does that too. Facebook - you see that everyone else is going to Paris for spring break and you're not, and you're thinking, why is my life so dull? it overstimulates in many many ways towards depression, towards anxiety. This is what psychologists and psychiatrists are concerned about and we as a faculty are concerned about. Students want answers now, they're very impatient, I don't think that's unrelated to growing up with technology. MC: I think that's all I have. Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Michele Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed POS (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Interview Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 7 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Tennessee, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1950-1955 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Professor of Psychology Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20+ years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Not Provided Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Computer (PC) Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Dell Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Psychologist About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #12 - Pre-1980 Birthdate Technology is changing rapidly and with it comes the changing of people and how they carry out their day to day activities. This oral history interview with a professor at Oxford College of Emory University conducted by Oxford College student Michele Chen, reveals one person’s relationship with technology as she learns to use it and watches those around her grow up with it. This individual would fall under what Michael Levy would describe as a digital immigrant because she was born between 1950 and 1955. desktop computer professor psychologist Windows https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/36efa4b397339659e2de016321b18248.jpg 6bd983f747334575217ea8c7ae0a074d https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/615c1cdf7781c97e62dd6f4f92e77410.pdf f5aa3175dc2a7c8444caae4061ab62ea PDF Text Text An Interview with an IT Professional About How His Experience with Technology Shaped His Career Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #8 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 11, 2018 Introduction Seth Tepfer is an adult male that was born in Wisconsin from 1965-1970. He is a white male that speaks English, and works as the Director of Informative Technology at a college in Georgia. He knows how to use HTML, Pascal, Coldfusion, and C. His device for this interview is a MacBook Apple. Transcript ST: So myself, I’m a dad, I have two kids, a ten year-old and a thirteen year-old, I’m a husband, been married since 2002, and I live in Decatur and work out here in Oxford, my big passion is dance, so I’m a caller and a dance organizer, I travel all over the country dancing, I play games a lot, I guess those are the big areas of my life, so I work and teach here at Oxford, I do a lot of project management, which means I have a team that reports to me and I give them directions to what we’re looking to improve or enhance here at Oxford, or I look at processes here at Oxford and I say ‘Oh, how can we make them better?’ so I have a desktop system with an extra monitor that I use for communicating with my team and clients and planning out projects and stuff. JC: So, can you tell me a little bit about why you decided to choose your device for this interview? ST: Absolutely, so I have a desktop, a laptop and a phone, and I was looking over the questions you were going to be asking, and I was thinking about how I communicate with people, and a lot of times the communication is fluid, for example I might receive a text on my phone, and I might respond to it on my computer, and then our conversation would morph into emails, or on Facebook, and it sort of goes from one to the next, and it could cross in all three, my desktop, my laptop, and my phone, but a lot of times my thinking requires more space or I need to type faster than I can on the phone. And wherever I am, I’ve got my laptop with me, whereas my desktop stays there and if I’m doing any sort of something that requires thought, my laptop is where I go, so that’s why chose my laptop. JC: And to start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in �a calendar app, for example, or in a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media, or in a journaling app. ST: Let’s see… So, I have notes, but often times I will set up my to do list in something called monday.com, that’s my work do to list, so I’m not sure how to break this up for you. JC: Oh, it’s okay! You just have to let me know what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? ST: Oh, so list them all, right. Okay, so monday.com is an app that I use for work, for tracking tasks and activities and as part of IT we use a program called ServiceNow, which is where we log help desk tickets whenever people have a request for anything, so that’s sort of my official list, whereas monday.com is projects and larger things, more than just individual tasks. I have a notepad, apple notes, that I use to just track quick ideas and things I don’t want to forget, like ‘Oh, don’t forget to set up a time with Jocelyn about meeting for lunch’ I just write that down there, and then I can forget about it and come back to it later and it’s there. And of course, email, but I get so many emails it’s kind of overwhelming. That’s how I’m keeping track of my tasks. JC: So, based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? ST: Notes. It’s free form, it’s quick and easy because it’s so fast. All the others require extra logins, require a specific format, it’s also the messiest but yea. Just those notes. JC: Okay, and are there patterns you notice in the activities you are involved in? ST: Well Definitely I will jot ideas down in the notes, and then from there I’ll go back to email and send out emails, or send out calendar reminders to set up, or a lot of times I’ll set up calendar items as reminders, like ‘oh, I need to connect with this person in two weeks so I’ll just set up a calendar item to remind myself to email them in two weeks. JC: Are there any other important activities are not reflected in information on your device? ST: At work sometimes, I have a piece of paper of things I want to work on, or when I’m driving, I’ll write things down that occur to me on the commute, so when I get to work I can type it up in notes or send out a quick email, so just paper, still. JC: Cool, okay. So next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or who contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social-media interactions, or your video calls (such as Skype or FaceTime). Please provide roles or relationship names (such as mother, father, boss, coworker) rather than people’s proper names. �ST: Sure. So as I said I’m a dance organizer so I’m communicating with other dance organizers, people that I organize events with, as well as people who are organizing different events, and are coming to me for advice, so we’re talking about suggestions, and so that happens over text, which I get on my laptop, as well as my phone, and email, and Facebook, Facebook messenger, going back and forth on that. And same for like when I’m setting up an events, I’m calling musicians, and other artists, and talent, so that again is over text, email, Facebook, and I’m also a caller, so I get asked to call dances at other events, so again over email, Facebook, and it’s amazing how people contact me through any of those, and often times I will say okay, we need to move this to email because Facebook messenger is not robust enough for me to have extensive conversations, talking about details and such. JC: So how do you decide which mode of communication to use? ST: So certainly, I’m happy with text and Facebook messenger for starting conversations, but when conversations are getting more in depth and are going to require more thought, or more details, I want to move to email or phone. Yea. So, text is only, I just get… It’s too tedious, I mean I can text pretty quickly but it’s still too tedious to do that using the phone keyboard. JC: And are there any patterns that you notice in your interpersonal communication? ST: Well I’m thinking about the process of hiring or getting hired talent, a lot of times the easiest way to get a hold of somebody is text. So, if I want to hire someone, I email them and ask them about their availability, and then we continue the conversation over email, that’s very common. JC: Would this be for dance or IT? ST: This is for dance. So, for IT, in my work world, it’s almost all over email. Though there are times I’m impatient and I’ll actually call people, but that’s pretty rare these days, most of the time it’s through email. Because most of the time I’m sending out a question or I need help, and I can wait on it while I work on other things, but sometimes when I’m working on a project and I’m stuck, I’ll call someone, so they can give me a quick answer to support it. And I’m just thinking about my personal life also, so with my spouse, one app I have not mentioned is that we have a to do list called wonder list that we use for our shopping list, so we might go back and forth like ‘who’s going to go shopping’, so I might text her things to add to the shopping list, which is silly, because you could just add things onto the shopping list just as fast, but, or I might be in the store and I’m actually doing the shopping and she might text me rather than adding it to the list, so that’s really fuzzy, like we have a list but we also text, and I know she likes to use Instacart, and I’m resistant to using Instacart, so I’ll text her to put shopping list items to Instacart, but I still like shopping JC: It’s just like kind of what’s convenient for you? ST: Mhmm, convenience is a big deal. �JC: And so now I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as Foursquare, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. ST: Sure, pulling up the calendar now. So, precisely a month, huh. I mean the reason I’m saying that is it’s been a busy month. This weekend, we’re going to Seattle, I have a cousin who’s having a big family event, so. Last week, I don’t know when you mean travel… so I live in Decatur, I work at Oxford, we had some good friends who are looking to organize a festival in a small town called Pine Lake, so we went to that, I took my son to see a movie on Friday, I mean everyday I’m driving to Oxford and back. JC: Do you use apps or programs to record the things that you’re going to? ST: It’s all in my calendar, so yes. So, my outlook calendar tracks where I’m going, and where my wife is going, so we can communicate and plan. I do use google maps but really for traffic, not for travelling. JC: And so, are there any apps or programs specifically to track your movement? ST: You mean like Fitbit? JC: yea, or like kind of like find my iPhone? ST: I don’t really do that, I mean I will use google maps for finding where I am and where I’m lost, and how far I have to go, but other than that, no, and that’s on my phone too. JC: Do you use any apps or programs to check in to places? ST: Uh google maps, sometimes I’ll do that on my laptop or desktop, then I might do the search and send it to my phone so it’s there for later, because that way it’s already set up while I’m driving. Uhm I noticed something that we haven’t talked about. So I’m organizing dance events with other people, we’re working together, and one is a very big event that happens between Christmas and new year’s up in Maryland, and so there are four other people on the committee, we use a technology called zume, it’s audio and video conferencing, and we every week we have a conference call on that, if we need to do screen sharing I use that on my app, or also it works on the phone and my desktop. And also, we’re constantly sharing documents, working on budgets, staff lists, schedules, scholarship descriptions, all of it’s in google docs, and we’re working collaboratively back and forth on that. I don’t know if that’s anything interesting or different for you, but it’s different apps, so google docs and google spreadsheets for communicating that way, and sun for audio and video technology. And actually yesterday, on a totally separate things, I spent a lot of time on powerpoint, communicating with my other people �in the college about service anniversary, birthdays, and setting up slides, and so we were working collaboratively on that as well. JC: And how did you first learn to navigate new locations? ST: What do you mean new locations? JC: Like going from point a to point b, how did you first learn how to do that? Like using maps, or ST: Yea, yea I was like are we talking about maps? Or okay. Uhm Yea you know it would be even before maps though, I would just get lost and find my way. No I’m thinking about when I was first independent, I would be riding my bike around town, and I would just wander around, I mean I’d been driven places before so I’d have a general sense, but otherwise I’d ride my bike to build my own mental map, and then when I first moved to Atlanta, certainly I used paper maps, and now of course, I just use google maps. It’s just the default. Like we’re going to Seattle this weekend, and we’re using google maps to plot where our hotel is, and all the events are, and where we’re going to go visit. JC: So you don’t really use the way that you used to use, now? ST: Exactly. JC: Are there any apps or programs you use to discover new places? ST: My favorite place when I’m going somewhere new is Atlas Obscura, it’s sort of like yelp, but it’s about places people wouldn’t normally think of and go to, so when you go to any city, you can look it up on atlas obscura, and it shows you all the quirky and fun things to do in that city. So it’s sort of like trip advisor, but for off the beaten path kind of stuff. JC: Oh, that sounds cool. Do you like using it? ST: Very much so, yea. It’s easy to use, and it’s a lot of fun, and I can look for kid-friendly things, I can look for adult things, I can look for nature centered things, outdoor activities, indoor activities, things that take just a little time, things that take a long time, so like in Seattle, under one of the bridges, there is a big cement troll that somebody has sculpted, and it’s so big that in it’s hand it has an actual volkswagen, and it’s made out of cement, and it’s got it’s hand around an actual Volkswagen, and they call it the troll bridge, and it’s a fremont troll, and there’s like a soda machine and nobody knows who stocks it, but it has these buttons called mystery soda, and you come to it and you push the button and you get some weird sodas that you’ve never heard of before, and these are the types of things you would find on atlas obscura. JC: Okay, cool. So in this last section, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the past month. For this section, I am interested �in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played, or that you yourself have created and distributed. And from your history, I’d like to ask you what kind of apps or programs do you use most to access or produce media? ST: So I mostly listen to music on amazon music, I have from decades I have probably seven hundred and fifty CDs, a lot of it is from bands that play for dances, so most people have never heard of them, so I digitize and upload them onto Amazon music, and so that will probably change, because amazon music is changing their personal music service, so I’m going to have to transfer all that stuff, probably I’m going to transfer it to google music. And originally it was all in apple, but now anyways. So when I was teaching the dance class I was using amazon music, but occasionally it would go down, so I would switch to google music, um so I’m using both of those apps. So I’m often producing training videos on how to use applications, so those videos actually I’m just doing a screen capture and I’m using zune, because zune does that screen capture very nicely, and then I use quicktime to edit it. I have used imovie before, and final cut pro, but I rarely do that level of detail in editing videos. I use Facebook, um, so I’m watching strom videos of hurricanes, a lot of political stuff, and music again, a lot of bands that I work with, a lot of musicians that I know, so they're sending me music, occasionally they’ll send me stuff on dropbox, but mostly it’s just connected, uploaded, um I’ve used spotify a little bit but it’s not my primary source for music and stuff. Um, youtube, I use a fair bit of youtube, my children are on youtube constantly, knowing them, but since we share the account, on my history, you find a lot of all these minecraft videos or smosh videos, and occasionally I’ll watch, because some of them are really funny, like the try to make you laugh thing is just hilarious, a lot of political parody videos, but apps, I use Facebook, youtube, I don’t really use vine, instagram, snapchat, twitter, and sometimes I really feel like I should not be using Facebook. It’s just so exhausting, and it wears me down, but because I’m a dance caller and I travel all around the country, I have friends all around the country, aspiring callers, aspiring dance organizers, and people who I dance with, so I’ve got like 2500 friends, so I’m hesitant to cut Facebook off because of that, and I do try to stay aware of people with different political mindsets though that’s sometimes really disturbing and hard. JC: Why do you think you prefer one app over another, like why do you think you use amazon music most often over others? ST: Well amazon music, well at least when I started, had the best selection of music that I wanted to listen to at the price I was willing to pay, and I was able to upload my music there pretty easily. Now that they’re ending their personal music service, I’m going to have to switch because I have um, like when I’m calling dances, I have my music stored in amazon so it’s an easy playlist to use, so I’ll be switching to google and since like when I’m going to call a dance I need to pull up google music and have that playlist ready to go, and since that’s where I’ll be living, I’m just going to switch all my music over to google JC: Can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant for you? �ST: Music. I listen to music all the time, when I’m working, when I’m commuting, WOAH. We didn’t talk about podcasts. Mostly when I’m commuting, I listen to audiobooks. So through audible, um both ways, and when I’m folding laundry or doing chores, I have a lot of audiobooks, so that’s different. And actually, I’m also trying to teach myself how to play ukulele. So I’m watching this thing called patreon where I’m paying a small amount each month to watch this woman who leads ukulele jams online, teaches live lessons, and so most weeks I’ll get on and do a ukulele jam online, and that’s through youtube. Both the jams and the lessons are on youtube, so I do that, but besides audiobooks and youtube, I listen mostly just to music. But we didn’t talk about this, but I play a lot of board games also, and there’s an app a website called board game arena, which allows you to play many of my favorite board games, card games online, either instantly or all online at the same time, asynchronisly, turn based, so I’ll take a turn and then I’ll go off and do work and then I’ll go back and see that you’ve taken your turn, and so I do my turn, and we’re talking backgammon, all the way up to carcassonne, or settlers, or some really complicated games like terra mystica or something like that JC: that’s cool. Is there a strategy you use for storing your media, like your photos or anything? ST: It’s just all in Facebook, or google pictures. JC: Okay, and what are some ways that you share this media with others? ST: Facebook, text, I will send emails for photos and videos, JC: Oh, yea, that’s good. And are there any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. ST: The biggest strategy which, it’s probably too late, since I’ve only been doing it for the last four years or so, is when I talk about my boys I only use the first letter of their name instead of their whole name, but originally I was using their names all the time, so I don’t know, it’s probably far too late, and their 13 and 10, so, and at one point, I had websites for both of them, so it was cool, and I didn’t maintain them, but I still got that URLs JC: That’s so cool, was it like to document their life? ST: That was the idea, it didn’t maintain, and eventually I would give it to them, like here’s your website, do what you want to do with it, but um yea JC: Ok, so are there any important media are not reflected in information on your device? For example, you might read newspapers or magazines, listen to the radio, watch television, go to movies, or play video games. ST: I rarely listen to the radio, sort of a last resort sort of thing, oh but there is a pattern, there is one radio show that we enjoy a lot, and that’s on WABE! H. Johnson, and on friday nights he does blues classics, saturday nights he does jazz classics, and he’s been doing this for many �many years, and a lot of times we’ll have friends gather to play games on saturday nights and so at 8pm, the opening has the battle hymn of the republic, it’s a beautiful piano piece, and so we’re always listening to the radio because the app, well, we listen to it from the WABE! App on the phone, so it’s still the radio, but it’s through an app. JC: Okay, cool. In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. So to start, I’d like to ask you how did you start using digital technology, and how has you relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? ST: Well, when I was in high school, I started and we had an old PET computer, and eventually I had a big 20 and a converse 64, and I would write programs in basic and then we would save them to a cassette tape and that was our storage media, because when you turned the computer off, it lost all your information, and we were talking very basic, like pong, sort of games, so that was my first real exposure to working with computers. I mean when you define technology I’m assuming we don’t call books technology right JC: yea like the digital technology ST: yea, so I was doing programming, and then when I came to college I went to emory, I first started working in the computing labs and I would make signs with mac paint and I would write papers on word, and so I started playing games, really games were the first thing that pulled me in and got me comfortable with computers JC: what kind of games did you play? ST: A lot of arcade games, on the computer, puzzle games, I love puzzle games, and some of the most exciting games were network games that you could play with other people, adventure games where you’re running through a maze, or we play doom, a first-person shooter game, JC: Do you think that helped you build your interest in digital technology? ST: yes. I’m trying to think.. The first thing I went in to do were the signs because we needed signs for a hall gathering or for a party or for a menu and we wanted something to look snazzy, and so that was something that started getting me interested, and then we started doing games and I used to play DND with actual people and paper and dice, but when I got here there were DND games on the computer, and so I was playing that. Yea I think games are what pulled me in and that’s what made me interested in programming so I could program games and then since I was comfortable with the computer, then I felt comfortable doing other stuff on the computer too. JC: And how did you end up working in IT �ST: Well literally, I was spending so much time in the computing labs, and literally people were coming up to me and asking me questions and I said well the lab rep’s over there, but heck I could be paid for answering your questions, so I applied and I got the job, and after I graduated from Emory, I turned around and started, I was the manager for the labs in Atlanta and was working there for many years, and then the CFO at Oxford enticed me to come out and work at Oxford. And so I was supporting other people’s computers but also learning about databases, and I was really working at the admissions office. So helping them deal with the whole funnel, the admission funnel, which is, they contact people and get all these contacts, hundreds of thousands of contacts, where they talk to them, and then of those people, some of them get admitted. And so walking through finding patterns of those different thing and playing with those different numbers and different patterns of where people are coming from, like demographics, really got me interested in working with databases and so from databases I learned about creating applications, and so that’s when I started creating applications. JC: And of the activities you have described so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? ST: Well, definitely making applications are complex, certainly because you have to understand the process the user wants, like so if I’m going to make an application for you, I need to know what is it that you’re trying to accomplish. And a lot of times the user says ‘well I want it to do this,’ but they may not understand a: all the possibilities the application could do, and b: they may not fully understand their own process, so a lot of times I’ll spend time with the user, so what happens if they don’t fill out this field, or what happens if they put this information here, and a lot of times processes have a lot of outliers and ways that break a process. So anyways, helping users understand what they really want to do with the app is hard, and then programming is actually not that hard, really, but then if you have a lot of things that need to be done, what’s called UI, or user interface, making it so that it’s easy for the user to navigate the screen, to understand the different possibilities, especially when there’s a lot of possibilities, trying to make it look not overwhelming on the screen so people can use it, but yet at the same time have the ability to do all the different things they want to do, that’s hard. So, the actual programming is not too hard, it’s always the human side of things. Understanding what humans really want, because they don’t often say what they really want, and making it easy for humans to do what they want to do, as opposed to animals, who generally ignore everything I do. JC: Right, haha. So in what context do you think you use this for? ST: Primarily for work. Yea, that is what my job is. JC: Can you tell me about when and how learned to complete these complex activities? ST: Mostly trial and error. Mostly creating ones and finding the ones that people didn't use or had trouble with. I’ve gone to some conferences, I’ve done some professional development, but mostly training myself. �JC: Okay, and can you tell me about some activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? ST: Programming languages are constantly changing and evolving, and I have a team that does most of the programming work, so I don’t feel like it’s critical for me to keep up with it, and so I’ve fallen behind, you know, angular, or rubio nails, or python, there’s a programming methodology called “Agile” and “Scrum” that I would really like to learn to help guide my team more effectively, there is a whole system over at Emory of budgets that I know almost nothing about it, there’s always so much to learn, so much to do, so much to say. JC: What do you think you’re missing in order to complete these? ST: Time. Yea, I have so many projects, so many different things I’m trying to juggle, and I don’t have time to just sit down and study or learn. It’s overwhelming. JC: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? Why? How could you measure this ability? ST: Yes, absolutely. Well, I have been operating in a professional context successfully and I mean there’s always new things coming, but I feel like I’m barely keeping my head up above water, but yea. JC: How do you think you can measure this ability? ST: It’s the balance of tasks and projects that I’m given that I feel I can accomplish successfully. REcently I was asked to build what’s called workflows, where you can actually tread out how a process completes, and so in the space of a day I learned a new technology called lucid charts, which was easier than a different project management tool called visio, which is really ugly. But I taught myself this program and I started using it and I was building charts, and it pleased both my boss and my boss’s boss, so I feel like ‘Okay, I did that well.’ JC: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? ST: If they’re able to do email, text, navigate some collaborative software like google docs or microsoft docs. I would think they… huh… do they keep their calendar online? That’s a good question… There are people that I email back and forth with, and I text with them, but they still keep a paper calendar. JC: It’s really up to you. ST: I know, I know, and I don’t know… Do I call them digitally literate? They’re able to email, and they’re able to take things that are on their calendar digitally and put it on their paper calendar, so I guess email, text, navigating the web is kind of a low bar, but I think that’s good enough. �JC: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? ST: Yea. JC: So how did you learn to be digitally literate? ST: Well I certainly watched the internet grow up around me, I mean I was using computers and email, I mean I’ve had the same email address since 1987, and I feel proud of that, but I mean I remember going to a big staff meeting and somebody doing a presentation on ‘look at this cool thing it’s called the world wide web’ and we can go to the world wide web and we can see if the coffee maker is on or off, and that was like in 1995, and using gopher, which was an FTP protocol, I mean I’ve watched it grow up around me, so I’ve kept pace as it’s grown, though obviously I feel like I’ve fell back, because I’m not participating in twitter, or tumblr, or instagram, or snapchat, so those forms of communication, I’m not involved in at all, so to a certain extent I feel like it’s zipped ahead of me, but I’m still on Facebook. JC: Is there anything else you want to share? ST: With board games, I don’t take advantage of this, but some people have apps on their phones to determine who goes first, yea, and I have a good friend, she was over last night and we were playing games, and she said stop the game now because it’s time for HQ Trivia, and it’s a trivia app, so we were all playing that together, it happens twice a day, and there are these twelve trivia questions that people all over the internet are participating in, so they’ll ask a question and they’ll say ‘oh, 20,000 people got this right’, and the next question will get harder like ‘oh, only 5,000 people’ so that’s cool. And I don’t really take part in minecraft or terraria but my boys do a ton, and they’re interacting, or discord, they use that to connect with their friends all the time. I used to play not world of warcraft but before world of warcraft, just the warcraft game, and I would play with friends online just warcraft, but now we’re just doing board game arena. I’m the class rep for my 10 year old’s class, so I’m communicating with all the different parents in the class, we use doodle.com to make decisions, the voting app, so we do that, and google docs to track names and emails and all that stuff. Sign up genius, we use that for seeing who’s going to sign up to help with what. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Jocelyn Chow Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Seth Tepfer Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 11 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Wisconsin, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Director of Information Technology Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 36 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 14 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity HTML, Pascal, Coldfusion, C Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Laptop computer Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple MacBook Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with an IT Professional About How His Experience with Technology Shaped His Career Description An account of the resource Interview #8 - Pre-1980 Birthdate Seth Tepfer is an adult male that was born in Wisconsin from 1965-1970. He is a white male that speaks English, and works as the Director of Informative Technology at a college in Georgia. He knows how to use HTML, Pascal, Coldfusion, and C. His device for this interview is a MacBook Apple. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple information technologist information technology Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/718bdc89e1939ce92b08adfb0c38b184.pdf 58ea5e1b84cbc7314c105e0ab2173c7c PDF Text Text An Interview with my Grandma About Her Struggles with Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #9 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2, 2018 Introduction This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her grandma. The interviewee is born between 1935-1940, in Beijing, China. She used to be a high school teacher and currently retires at home in her apartment in Beijing. Lizzy Fang is a student in Oxford College of Emory University. She is born in Beijing, China in 2000. The interview’s purpose is to record the interviewee’s journey about her technology use and to find the difference in digital technology usage between teenagers from different provinces in China. Transcript (Translated one) Lizzy: In this interview I will ask you about some of your experiences using digital technology. Please choose one of your most regularly used digital advice such as the cell phone, your computer, or your laptop as our interview topic. I may need you to introduce to me about how you use it last week, and some records on this device. Hi? (unstable connection…) Grandma: Hi. I want to choose the cellphone. L: Okay. There are somethings that I want to tell you beforehand. You have the absolute right to decide what questions to answer and what questions to ignore. Please do not share any illegal contents or anything related to others’ personal information. When you mention other people, please do not use their real names. Instead, you can use names like “my colleagues”, “my children”. Do you have any other questions before we start our interview? �G: No. L: Can you tell me why do you choose the cell phone as the device? G: Because I think the cell phone is easy to carry around and is more convenient than the computer. Also, I use it to short the distance between my students, my family members and I, so I think it is prior to the computer. L: I see. Okay, so we will begin our interview now. First, I need you to look at your phone and see if you have used it to record your activities last month. For example, using calendar or to-do list. G: I have several activities last week, but I did not schedule my activities on my phone. I usually just schedule things on my notebooks. For this reason, I have many specific notebooks. L: Why don’t you use your cellphone to make your schedules? G: Because I think the notebook can be kept longer. It is safer, in my opinion. Sometimes, I cannot find the things I have written in my phone. L: So I want to ask what app did you use to communicate with other people on your phone last month? G: I usually just use WeChat. L: Do you find any pattern when using WeChat? G: I usually check it at night, because I communicate to my students both domestically and abroad. L: Why do you choose WeChat? �G: Because I have WeChat groups. I would use them to communicate with my family and my students. L: Would you use different communicating methods with different people? G: Yes. Sometimes I use writing board sometimes. Most of the times, I would use voice message because I think it is more convenient. Typing is too hard for me. L: I see how you communicate with other people on your phone. So…also I want to ask if you use your phone to navigate your direction. G: No, I have not tried. L: Why not? G: I am planning to do so, but I have not. Because my son orders cars every time I want to go somewhere, since he knows I am terrible at this. I do not have to navigate the direction by myself. L: So the next question is about social media. Do you save pictures and videos of other people on your phone? G: Yes. L: Will you show the location when you post pictures on social media? G: If I set the group as the people that I am familiar with, I would. Otherwise, I would not. L: Why? G: I think it is not safe. L: When do you think the cell phone are not safe enough? �G: I think the cellphone is no longer safe if I lost it. Also, I think there is a kind of words safety, which means people consider about how their words will influence another people’s reaction. I rarely comment below anything when I do not know the event very well. L: I see, so let’s begin our last part. I want to get to know how you use your cellphone, because most of the old do not use cellphone as skilled as you do. When do you start to use smart phone? G: I have used it for about five years. L: Do you think is there any change in the relationship between you and your smart phone? G: I think it broads my view and shorts the distance between me and my friends, so I must use fixed time every day to check WeChat, for example. L: Must? G: Yes, I will reply them every night as well. L: Okay, I see. So, what time do you think is the hardest since you start using cell phone? G: I think the most difficult one is shopping online. Even though I believe it is super convenient and I am trying, I still cannot use it well. I always want to change this. L: Which part did you stuck? Is it about picking up or operating? G: I think it is about operating. Also, I am conservative in some ways. For instance, I think only the real products in physical store allow people to try them on and observe the products closely but shopping online dramatically destroy this process. F: Is there anything else than you think is difficult? G: I think it should be typing. I have never learned Pinyin, but I think handwriting is much easier to use. It is a bit late to learn Pinyin from now, but it is truly useful. �F: Will you use cell phones academically? G: I have downloaded an e-book app and learnt how to use it by myself. F: Do you know that one generation are born in the time which technology get highly developed? Their names are called “Digital Natives”. G: I think you and your friends are all digital natives. I want to keep on the track but I think I will put more time, as I have the faith. F: How do you learn how to use the cell phone thus far? G: I ask people questions lol. And after each time I will write notes in my notebooks. I have one specifically for the note of computer science, Whenever I forget how to use it, I will ask my son. F: Lol I see. Is there anything else about the digital device that you want to share with me? G: Yes. I really want to communicate with my granddaughter every day on video calls and try to know her situations. I miss her so much. F: I love you too. Thank you for participating. G: My pleasure. (Original one) 方：在这次采访中我会问您关于您使用电子产品的一些经历，请您挑选您最常用的一 个电子产品比如说手机啊，电脑啊，台式机啊来作为我们这次的采访主题。对于这项 设备我可能需要您向我介绍您上周对它的使用活动。跟我聊聊您设备上有记录的东 西。喂？（信号有点断） 奶奶：喂。我想挑手机。 �方：好的，有一些想提前告知您的，您有绝对权力决定您对我哪些问题进行详细解 释，哪些无视，然后您只需要分享您觉得舒适的部分，请您不要分享任何非法内容或 者任何包括别人个人信息的内容，当您提及别人的时候请不要提及别人的真实姓名， 可以使用“我的同事”，“我的孩子”这种称呼，在我们开始之前您还有任何其他问题 吗？ 奶奶：没有。 方：请跟我说说您为什么选择了手机啊？ 奶奶：因为我觉得手机带着方便，比电脑方便，另外我和学生家人都可以缩短距离及 时沟通，所以我觉得它优越性比较强。 方：哦哦这样啊，现在我们正式开始采访了，首先我需要您看一下您的手机来看看有 没有用它记录过活动，比如说日历啊，日程表啊这种，上个月在手机上的。 奶奶：我上周有活动，但我不是会用手机记，我一般都是会用本子来记录的，我有很 多专门的本子来记录。 方：您为什么不用手机来记录这些东西呢？ 奶奶：因为我觉得本子的保存时间会长，我觉得本子最安全最保险，因为有时候存在 手机里的东西我会找不到。 方：下面我要问您一下，您用什么手机软件和别人交流呢，上个月。 奶奶：我一般使用微信。 方：您觉得您使用微信有什么规律吗？ 奶奶：我一般晚上看，因为我要和国内国外的学生交流什么的。 方：为啥您使用微信啊？ 奶奶：因为我有微信群，和别人交流方便。我会和家人，学生交流什么的。 方：请问您会对不一样的人用不一样的聊天方式吗？ 奶奶：是的，有的我用手写板，一般我会用语音。我觉得语音更加方便，这种情况下 我会说的多一点。打字对我来说有点太困难了。 方：请问您会用手机进行导航什么的吗？ 奶奶：我没有试过。 方：为啥您不去尝试一下呢？ �奶奶：我准备尝试，但是还没有，因为我出门直接儿子给我打车了，不需要我去导 航。 方：下一个问题是关于社交媒体的，您手机里会存别人照片或者和别人视频吗？ 奶奶：会的。 方：您会在发照片或者视频的时候标注自己所在的地点吗？ 奶奶：如果是我特别熟的人，我大多数时间都是会的。不熟的人我就不发。 方：为什么呢？ 奶奶：我觉得那样不安全。 方：您觉得什么时候手机不安全吗？ 奶奶：我觉得丢了就不安全。当然我觉得还有其他一种言语安全性，我觉得用手机首 先就要考虑它的安全性，但是同时也要考虑对别的社交网络的影响，我很少进行评 论，对于政治或者国际重大事件，当我不太了解的时候我绝不评论或者转发。 方：明白啦，那我们就开始最后一部分，我希望能了解您是怎么用手机的，因为大多 数的老年人都并没有像您一样熟悉掌握手机的各种功能。请问您是什么时候开始使用 智能手机的？ 奶奶：我用了将近五年了吧。 方：您认为您和手机的联系有任何变化吗？ 奶奶：我认为知识面在扩展，和亲朋好友的关系更近了，所以我每天有固定时间必须 看微信。 方：必须看？ 奶奶：对，我每天看完以后每天还要去回复别人的消息。 方：哦哦明白了，那您觉得从您开始用手机到现在哪一部分的操作对您来说是最困难 的呢？ 奶奶：我认为是手机购物，我觉得这个很方便也一直在尝试，但是我还是用的不熟。 我一直想突破这点。 方：您觉得哪一部分卡住了呢？是挑选还是操作之类的。 �奶奶：我觉得是操作。而且我还有些保守思想，我觉得实体店才是真正和商品能有接 触，能够切身观察，而网上购物却总是不够标准，有时候甚至会和自己一开始对商品 的判断有些偏差，所以我就想原则是先去看实体店然后再去看手机的网站，去购物。 方：还有什么其他的吗？ 比如恁想克服但觉得是很难得？ 奶奶：我觉得那就肯定是打字了吧，我从小就没学过汉语拼音，但是我觉得手写的发 明还挺方便的。我现在开始学拼音有些太晚了，虽然确实有用。 方：您会用手机当休闲还是学术的东西呢？ 奶奶：我最近尝试下了个电子书的 app，在努力自学怎么用。 方：您知道有一种人是在电子产品的年代出生的，比如我（笑），您觉得我们这一代 人和您有什么不一样呢？ 奶奶：我觉得你们特别先进，对于这些东西掌握的都特别快，这也就让我想更努力跟 上时代，与时俱进了。但是我们这个年龄用的时间确实会长一些，我觉得我有这个信 息。 方：请问您之前是怎么学会用这些产品的呢？ 奶奶：我不耻下问哈哈哈，而且我问完以后会去做笔记的。我有专门用的电子产品笔 记本，我忘了的时候经常会查看。 方：哈哈哈明白了，请问还有任何其他关于电子产品的您想分享给我的情况吗，关于 您的经历？ 奶奶：我特别希望我和我在大洋彼岸的孙女能通过视频每天了解她的情况，我特别想 她。 方：我也想您，好的谢谢您的这个采访。 奶奶：哈哈哈哈谢谢你对我的信任。 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Manqing (Lizzy) Fang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Location The location of the interview Remote Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 8 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Beijing, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Beijing, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1935-1940 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation High School Teacher Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with My Grandma About Her Struggles with Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #9-Pre-1980 Birthdate This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her grandma. The interviewee is born between 1935-1940, in Beijing, China. She used to be a high school teacher and currently retires at home in her apartment in Beijing... Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English (Translated from Chinese/Mandarin) Chinese Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/a48e6ffd52a8a52178c3432848a03e0f.jpg 0d1cd92c0aa04b16c1f718b688d5dc10 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/0eeffeff04866a5d96553e2395a9b0a1.pdf 668b9e7694087606e8e69e807af5f804 PDF Text Text 1 Interview with a Librarian About Her Digital Experiences Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #5 -Pre-1980 Birthdate October 8, 2018 Introduction This is an interview between Sara Pan* and Kathy Young*. The interviewee, Kathy Young, has the initials KY. Mrs. Young is a Caucasian woman. She is the deputy director of a library at Emory University. She has been responsible for projects including overseeing annual exhibits and events, collection development, and research practices. Sara is an Indian student at Oxford College of Emory University and is conducting this interview to learn more about the role of digital technology in our lives. The digital device used for this interview is an iPhone 6s. [*For confidentiality, pseudonyms have been used for both the interviewer and the interviewee.] Interview Transcript SP- So, in this interview, I would like you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you, so mobile phones, laptop, anything. If this, I would like you to review records of your activities of your past month and talk to me about the people you have interacted with, the places you went and the ways that you use media and communication technology. So, you can decide what to comment on and what to ignore. And you can decide when to share an example by showing on your device but you should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Don’t share any information about anything bigger or anything that would compromise the privacy of another person. KY- Ok SP- Ya? And don't mention the names of other people. When referring to other people you can say like ‘my co-worker’, ‘my mother’, ‘my father’ anything..basically their role rather than their name. KY- Okay SP- Great! Before we begin, do you have any questions? KY- No, I'm good SP- Okay, let’s start...why did you choose this device KY- Well, I chose my phone because I have it with me so I can refer to it and tell you what I use. So, do you want me to start telling you about it? SP- No, that’s good! We’ll start with the main activities that you chose..that you were involved in the past month. so you might have records of your activities in your calendar app, your to-do list, any invitation to events or invites through social media..or anything. So, what apps or programs do you to plan, coordinate or record your activities? �2 KY- So, mostly I rely on email and calendar to plan because I don’t use social media to plan events because nobody my age..*starts laughing* does. I would if people were doing something u know but, in terms of planning things I would probably text, I would use the calendar app and I use email. And I text in a couple of different ways, I use Whatsapp and I use Instagram. SP- Ya KY- Just a couple of different people SP- So you have just told me like a bunch of different apps that you use. So if you could use one main that is the most significant to you or the one that you use the most? KY- Email. SP- Email? KY- Yup. SP- Okay. So this is for work? KY- I use it for work, I use it for communication my children and communication with my parent and also for communication with friends for activities. SP- Do you notice any patterns in the activities or role your device plays in them? KY- Any patterns? SP- Um, maybe you use one app for one specific activity and another activity. For example, I use WhatsApp but only for like friends in India or my family but I would use maybe Snapchat if it was for my friends in us because they would use Snapchat more KY- Right, right. I use WhatsApp for family, traveling out of the country and then I use Instagram for communication with my girlfriends across the country, you know? SP- Yup, hmm okay! So, now, next, I want to check through your device for records of people that you have communicated with during the past month. So, this could be people in you have contacted or maybe they have contacted you. You could see phone records, text messages, social media interactions….really anything. Um, so looking at that, what apps do you use most to communicate with people? KY- Um, so, Instagram I use a lot to communicate with people. So I know when my daughter was out of the country, she lost her phone had to borrow someone else’s so we communicate through Instagram because she didn’t have a number SP- Ya KY- And then, I also communicated with friends through Instagram. Also, I message my whole family and work. I communicate with other librarians. SP- That’s great! And do you choose one mode of communication over the other? Like, do you prefer to call someone over texting someone? Or maybe email them? �3 KY- I prefer to text. SP- Texting the most? Okay. Are there any important interactions with people that are not reflected in the information in your device? KY- No? Probably not… SP- So, now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places that you went during the past month. Maybe you have records of places in your calendar app, mapping applications, apple maps? Anything where you have location services on? KY- Right. So, I have probably have turned off location services until I need the app so when I see ways? Or apple maps...um but I could look at I guess I could look at google photos just to see pictures I have taken because they save automatically to my phone. So I can see, last week I was there or there by looking at my google photos or phone photos SP- Okay! So you see the places, and from there you can identify where you went or does google tell you where it's been taken? KY- Google would have if I had location services. SP- Okay..but you have turned them off? KY- Yes. SP- So if you a want to navigate or go to another location, what apps or programs would you use? KY- If I want to see where I had been? SP- No, but if you want to navigate to another location? KY- Oh, I would use Waze. SP- And do you allow Waze to track your location all the time or just when you are leaving KY- Sure, it's tracking me now SP- Ok, so your location services for that particular app is on? KY- Yup, its enabled. SP- But for other apps, it’s off? KY- I think so. In theory? Yes haha, I don’t know. SP- No that’s fine, so ideally that is what you would want? KY- Yes SP- Ok, great! Do you use apps or programs to check in to places? �4 KY- No SP- How did you first learn to navigate or go to new places? Was it through reading maps or looking for landmarks? KY- Oh, reading maps! I love reading maps. Yes! SP- Really? You’re probably the first person I’ve heard saying that! KY- That’s a definite digital divide cause of how you were trained. Reading maps is fun! You see that..oh I'm sorry I'm going off track here... SP- No, don’t worry KY- Ok, when you see the movie about Jane Austen and you know they really loved looking at atlases, because there were places that you couldn’t have imagined existed *whispers* like India SP- *laughs* Interesting! Are there any important places or navigational practices that are not reflected in the information provided by your device? KY- Hmm SP- Maybe you have gone to some place but you wouldn’t know just from looking at the information in your device KY- Um, I guess if I didn’t take it with me, right? SP- Ya, okay KY- But I take it with me so... SP- True, but you were saying like, that the main way you can identify where you have been by seeing your pictures... KY- Right. SP- So, do you feel like you take pictures almost everywhere you go? KY- No, so you’re right. There are things not identified. SP- Okay, so maybe there are some places not identified through your device KY- Yes, good point. Aren’t you smart? SP- *Laughs* Great! So just in the last section, I kinda want to see records of the media that you have used in the past month..if that makes sense. So, um, for this last section, I’m kind of interested in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, Tv Shows. It could be anything that you have read or listened to or maybe you yourself have created or published. And this could be like social media or it could be um, entertainment media, news media...anything. This could be apps like Netflix, youtube, you know? So based on that what programs do you use most or which ones do you have the most access to? �5 KY- use most of them on my iPad just because I can’t do it at work, you know?. So when I'm at home, I have my iPad and I watch YouTube and um, HBO now and Netflix all the time. I read the news on HuffPost. SP- So these are all apps on your iPad? KY- Yup. SP- Ya, that’s great. Do you, by any chance, prefer one app over the other? KY- Um, I really like youtube, I guess. Right now if you logged the time, I'd probably spend the most time on youtube. Cause all the tv shows I watch that I couldn’t stay awake for, I just watch later on youtube. SP- Ya, okay. KY- Because most of them are like talk shows. But I do watch a lot of Netflix at home but I would say YouTube is the most. SP- Can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant to you? KY- Um, media or apps? SP- It could be either- maybe like apps that would represent media like Facebook? Twitter? Social media? KY- I’m going to fail this right now SP- No! Don’t worry, there is no failing! It’s just yourKY- I don’t use Facebook or Twitter SP- Okay, that’s perfectly fine! KY- So, those two don’t have much meaning to me. I stopped it because, um, I didn’t like my own behavior on it. I was spending too much time on nonsense like stalking people so I was like, nah, I don’t need to be doing that. I’m too old to do that. Um, but I was going to say, I do really like listening to podcasts SP- Wow, interesting! KY- Yes, I think it is something different that I didn’t have access to, you know, probably when I was much younger. The kind of information that you get on a podcast is really different than what you might get somewhere else. SP- Ya, that’s so cool! So do you spend a lot of time listening to podcasts? KY- Ya, so I can just listen to the podcasts when I'm driving, so instead of listening to the radio, I can listen to podcasts because I also have to drive like 40 mins. SP- How do you find these podcasts? �6 KY- Friends will tell me or I will read about different podcasts SP- Okay, I mean like, is it on YouTube? Or is there an app? KY- Um, you can google the top podcasts but I usually just hear about them. There is a podcast app though too. SP- There is a Podcast app? So you use the app? KY- I do! Um, you can browse and find podcasts, like now, this is suggesting one called “scary stories”. When I walk I’ll listen to these podcasts instead of music. SP- That’s really cool actually! Could you tell me a little about your strategy for storing your media? Like photos or videos? KY- My strategy is that I pay a little more to have more space and so I have a backup to the cloud and also my google drive. That’s what I backup everything to. SP- So, it’s mostly online? KY- Yes, it is. I think I used to put everything on a portable hard drive but that I can just share everything with my family, with photo sharing, it’s a lot easier. SP- Okay! *KY shows a picture of her dog to SP* KY- Here’s my dog. I got her a bed and the bed came with a pillow and a blanket! She is lying down. SP- Aww, she’s so cute! Um, what are some ways that you share media with others? KY- Um, I’ll text the link or just, you know, invite people to google share photos SP- Okay, can you tell me a little bit about any strategy that you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? KY- One way I protected my privacy was to get off of Facebook and Twitter, so I got of those two. I do think of location services sometimes and turn those off. And I don’t check in. I use yelp and things like that. But I don’t check in, I don’t make comments or ratings, or my picture! SP- That’s great! Are there any important media that is not reflected in the information in your device? For example, maybe reading physical newspapers or magazines or maybe listening to the radio. But you just told me that you don’t, so that’s fine. Maybe you watch TV? KY- I guess TV would be it. I'm super lazy about going to the theatres so I just wait for it to come out and then I go on “Paper Review”, and watch it that way. SP- What about the news? Do you just see it on your iPad? Or do you get a physical copy of the newspaper? KY- Um, I don’t, I just look on my iPad and read it online or hear it on the way to work. �7 SP- So, in this final section, I would like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps that you have shared with me. So we will be focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. KY- Okay! SP- So, how did you start using digital technology? KY- I would say that it had a lot to do with working for Emory because I probably wouldn’t have had an iPad or an iPhone if I wasn't working in an environment where um, it was imp to learn about digital technology and how to work with it on one point of view but how it can also be a fun thing? So I think, so I have been working here for 13 years. So, in 13 years so much has- you know, not everybody had a phone 13 years ago. I think part of it is timing and being in a place that is very forward thinking digitally, made me learn very fast. SP- So, we were just discussing how technology has evolved so much in these like past 13 years. So could you elaborate a little bit on how your relationship with technology has also changed? KY- Sure, um, I can remember going to get and you had to slide it open and there was a hard keyboard and everything. When they had the touch technology, it was brand new and I was like ‘oh no! that does not look it will be useful’. I wanted to be able to like pound on a button, so I had to learn to trust the process a little bit instead of relying on my own way of doing things which turned out to be a typewriter, you know? So that was a really hard way of pressing. So giving up that pressing of a button to do this was weird. SP- Ya, I’m sure. KY- Hmm, so that was a big transition. So, I think once things kinda transitioned into smartphones, I could remember one friend came over to my house and showed me how this phone would ring and then his wife’s picture would pop up. I was like “what?!!” That was so phenomenal, so the integration of your pictures and your access to the web and everything just suddenly you either get it or you don’t. I know plenty of people in my age group don’t. And they don't want to try. SP- Ya, I’m sure it's really hard to suddenly change, you know? KY- It feels sudden but I don’t guess it was, you know? I think it’s just too many years of doing it one way.. SP- That’s true. Were there any activities that you found particularly complicated to learn? KY- Um, with this device, I don’t think so...activities that were complicated to learn? I think the only thing that I haven’t learned- don’t know if it is complicated or I just don’t want to do it- is like Apple Pay and things like that require just a touch of the phone to access my bank accounts. I feel weird about that. That has been one thing that is difficult to grasp. SP- That’s more ofKY- Oh, I found something else, sorry SP- No, go ahead! �8 KY- Uber. Using the Uber app, that is something I haven’t learned. SP- And you don’t want to? KY- No, I don’t but if I lived in the city or something I would. And my getting drunk days are long over...*laughs* SP- Ok, that makes sense, because right now, you have your own car, right? Um, could you tell me any activities you wish you know how to complete with your device? KY- Oh, maybe I answered too soon. I think it would be helpful to know uber. Say, I was traveling or something. SP- Yes, that’s fair. Um, do you feel like the digital skills required to operate effectively in a professional context? KY- Yes SP- Could you elaborate a little bit on that? KY- Well, I’m expected to over here. This phone is actually owned by Emory so I have to be fairly digitally literate to do my job. SP- So, you have the skills for a professional context. What about personal? KY- I think I have the skills. SP- Great! I’m guessing academic too because you help all of us in the library? KY- I hope so… *laughs* SP- Ok, yes, I’m pretty sure. KY- Though, you know, there is a lot of things not related to my device that are like teaching tools? They are constantly changing... SP- Like in classrooms and stuff? KY- There is just so much all the time, it’s hard for me to keep up whereas I think other people are like yay something new! we are like oh man, something new... SP- How would you describe someone as being ‘digitally literate’? KY- I think it is somebody who is has a sense of how to use the device and doesn’t get so frustrated and like ‘this thing doesn’t work!!’ and just kinda feels like maybe they’re just either touching it incorrectly or not swiping it correctly or interacting with it in a way that it doesn’t interact. SP- So, would you consider yourself to be digitally literate? KY- Yes. �9 SP- And if so, how did you learn to be digitally literate? KY- Have you ever heard of the phrase ‘fake it till you make’? *laughs* No, I think it’s just like everything else that requires you to learn something, you learn it! And I’m also super interested in it so I want to keep up with it. So, I think, it’s like not just working with it but being interested in it. I don’t have that feeling of ‘Oh, I can’t! No!’ SP- Wow! Just the last question for you- is there anything else that you would like me to know? Is there something that I did not ask but you wished that I had asked? KY- Oh, no, I think you’re good. SP- Great! Thank you for your time! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Sara Pan (Pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Kathy Young (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 9 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Tennessee, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1960-1965 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Librarian Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since 1999 Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 39 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone 6s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Librarian About Her Digital Experiences Description An account of the resource Interview #5-Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an interview between Sara Pan* and Kathy Young*. The interviewee, Kathy Young, has the initials KY. Mrs. Young is a Caucasian woman. She is the deputy director of a library at Emory University. She has been responsible for projects... Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple iPad iPhone librarian Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/5b28d2db2db4953ea9cc9076925399b5.JPG 6f5aa9fff35b3d3d777be1bfb49f03ec https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/30f2a72ead5b80b5ba8fc72571764d3e.pdf 4bc61b489794c97d9655f6423a9e008f PDF Text Text "My generation is probably the last generation that grew up without those things” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #1-Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2, 2018 Introduction: The following is an interview of Penelope Smith1, a Caucasian female born in the 19751980 age range. The interview was conducted by an Oxford College First Year student, also Caucasian and female. The interview focuses on a tour of a digital device of the research subject’s choosing, studying the past and present digital experience of a said subject for comparison to other generations. Interview: 00:00 So, before we begin here, the first thing that I'm going to do is explain to you sort of what to expect in the next couple minutes of this interview. I'm going to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you and that you use routinely-- like your phone, your laptop, your computer, something like that. Um, if the device enables it, I would like you to look at some records of activities during the last month, calendar entries, texts, phone calls, whatever else that would show me sort of your digital footprint, and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can, of course, decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me if you would like, but, just a quick disclaimer, you should only share examples of things that you feel comfortable doing, and please don't share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Also, please don't mention the names of other people, because they were not here to give consent for the interview, so just refer to them by their titles, like "coworker", or "family member", or "brother" or "sister" or "whoever". So, do you have any questions before we begin? 01:21 No. 01:22 Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? 1 Names have been changed. �01:24 Yes, er, no. Interviewer chuckles, then takes the picture. 01:35 So, just start by telling me why you chose this device. 01:39 Okay. Well, I chose my iPhone 8 because at this point in life, I don't think I could function without it. Um, over the years, I have occasionally had my phone stolen or broken or something like that, and then y-you know how it's- now I can't go 24 hours. Um, it has all my contacts, it has all my payment information, social media, everything. Email, this is 95% of the time what I'm replying on, because I don't have my computer out a lot. So, it's just an important part of daily life. 02:13 Um, so to start, what I'm going to ask you to do is take a look for your device, you don't have to show me anything if you don't want to, but activities you were involved in with the last month, so you might have records in like, a calendar app, or a to-do list, or invitations to events... that sort of thing. So, what sort of apps do you use to coordinate your activities? Do you use anything specific on that device? 02:37 So, I just use, umm, the calendar app that comes on iPhone. And it populates my Outlook as well, so every time I get something through work. 02:47 And, based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities that you see often in your calendar app? 02:54 Umm, so all of my activities will usually be work meetings, reminders to myself, and, ummm, my husband and I share- he shares his out-of-town calendar, 'cause he goes out of town a lot, and who's picking up my son. 03:13 And, that sort of answers what sort of patterns you notice, because it all sort of seems to be similar. 03:19 Yes. �03:20 Ummm, are there any activities that are not reflected in that sort of calendar app, or is everything there? 03:27 No, my whole life is in there. Interviewer laughs. 03:29 Everything? 03:30 Like, I put everything I have to do. If I'm- like last night, when I knew I needed to fill this out-anything I need to do the next day, I'll put it in there, because I instantly forget things now. I used to be able to remember, but I don't. 03:44 That's interesting. 03:45 Yeah. I'll set myself reminders in the calendar app. 03:49 Ummm, so the next thing I'm gonna ask you to do is to take a look through your device to see records of people you were involved with during the last month, so, just a reminder to use their roles or relationship names, not their actual personal names. Ummm, so what apps or programs do you use to communicate with other people the most? 04:09 Ummm, so text, email, occasionally the phone, ummm... 04:18 Why do you say occasionally? 04:21 Because that way- the only people I talk to on the phone really is my mother. Interviewer chuckles. 04:25 �Ummm, but most things are text or email, and I begrudgingly use Facebook Messenger with students- because I hate Facebook Messenger. I hate communicating with Facebook. Interviewer chuckles. 04:39 But the students seem to love it, don't they? 04:40 Yes, so I have not- yes, I would not be on Facebook if it weren't that we keep stuff going and communicate for here. 04:48 And, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role that your device plays within that? 04:59 What- what patterns? 04:59 Yeah, do you have any sort of similarities, like, as the months go by, is it just- is it all sort of just, ummm, text, email, that sort of thing, and there's never any, really, variety with it? 05:14 Uh, yeah, no, there's never variety. 05:16 And then, why do you choose to use certain modes of communication over others, like, why do you prefer text? Do you know why that is? 05:26 Well, because- well, in, in most of my texts are between my husband and I. And it's mostly 'Do I need to do this, or are you doing'- like, daily, our daily communication throughout the day is who's taking care of what for the day- or the night, so we text each other so we never know who can actually talk. Like, we never, hardly ever call each other. Ummm, so like at this point in life, there's just a lot of daily scheduling of life. Ummm, and so that's how we communicate. I- I don't even know what the question was now. Did I answer that? 06:05 Well, that's about right, yeah. 06:08 �Ummm, and then, is there any sort of interaction with people that's not reflected on your device? Is there anything you still do, maybe using other devices, or even the old-fashioned way? 06:19 Ohhh, ummm, yeah, I mean, so, like I still write cards and letters to my grandfather, and he still sends me actual newspaper clippings about things. Interviewer 'awwwwws' 06:33 Ummm, so, with other older family members will actually write, but other than, yeah, other than actually seeing somebody in person, I communicate with most people in life through email or text or something I do on this phone. 06:51 And then, let's move on to places you went during the past month, so, ummm, let's see, what apps or programs, if any, have records of the places you visited, like, do you use Google Maps07:09 Uhh, Google Photos07:10 Google Photos? 07:11 Because, yeah, it automatically uploads and tells me where I was when pictures were taken. So, yeah, if I look at my Google Photos for the past month, I'll know where I've been. But ma- I use Google Maps, I don't use Waze that much, ummm, and I don't use Maps that much unless I'm going out of town. 07:30 Ummm, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? Is that something you do? 07:42 Obviously like, Maps, will, and I do every once in awhile go through and make sure it's set to 'just while using the app', I try not to have apps track my location, I don't think I have Instagram or Facebook set to show where my location is, ummm, I don't know if it's that big of a deal, but yeah, if you're a little old-school, you turn those off. �08:09 Ummm, and then, what sort of patterns do you notice in the places you visit, your movements from place to place, do you have a sort of routine with where you go, what you do every day, or is there always a sort of variety? 08:24 Oh no, there's definitely routine, I mean, our daily lives are very routined, part of that I think comes from when you have younger children, you have a routine. Ten years ago, I would've had, probably a different thing going on, but other than scheduled, out-of-town things, the most variety we get now during the school year is like, going to the movies or something like that. 08:48 And then, this is an interesting question that sort of breaks you away from the phone more, it asks you, 'how did you first learn to navigate new locations?' did you use paper maps, did you memorize landmarks, how did you do that sort of thing? 09:03 So, I remember in college, taking road trips, and we used an Atlas. 09:07 No! 09:08 Yes! We, I- we did an impromptu road trip to Vermont from Rome, Georgia with a map. I don't think I could use a map today. And then, after that, it would be, like, when Mapquest first came out, and you could print out directions to a specific location. 09:27 My mom still does that! 09:28 Yeah, I know, my aunt still does that, I don't even understand how that works either. And now, I just, like, I don't think I could go fifty miles without- I can't go anywhere new without Google Maps or Waze. 09:41 It's amazing how we become sort of reliant on these things. 09:43 I know, I still have an Atlas in my car, like, in case of the zombie apocalypse or something, I couldn't use it, though. �09:51 Ummm, and is there anything not reflected on your device that sort of, you use for locations, and places, and things like that? 10:00 No. No. 10:02 No? Everything's on the phone? 10:04 Yeah. 10:05 And then, next part is going to be media, so social media is the focus of this one, so, I find this to be the longest section, because people have a lot to say about their social media, but I'm interested in posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, games, all that good stuff-- umm, these could be anything along that line, so you might have use in your browser history, Google search, Netflix, YouTube, ummm, or social media, like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, if you're my generation-- or, unless you have a Snapchat? 10:48 Only for the filters. I've never snapped a chat. 10:55 Ummm, so based on what you see, what sort of apps or programs do you use to access or produce media? 11:04 So, I do have Instagram, and I love Instagram, ummm, I have Facebook, and I hate Facebook, except I do like seeing family and friends that aren't nearby. So, I'll stalk you on social media, I rarely post anything or comment on anything. Ummm, that's it though, I mean, I have a Snapchat icon here, but I don't know how to use Snapchat. I don't even know what the point is. I don't have a Twitter, ummm, Pinterest. 11:41 Pinterest counts! 11:42 I love Pinterest! �11:43 So do I! 11:45 Ummmm, yeah. I don't think I could design sets without Pinterest. Ummm, and I text in complete sentences, which I've noticed is a generational thing. 11:58 Sometimes I do too. 11:59 Yeah? I can't stand things without proper punctuation. Ummm, but yeah, that's it. 12:08 I know I turned mine off, because of the aesthetics, like, I'll turn off capitalization and sometimes I'll use punctuation12:15 Really? Oh my gosh, no! 12:16 Only sometimes. 12:18 Yeah, no, ugh, I can't handle it. But12:21 If I'm sending formal messages, then I will use- I will use proper grammar, but if I'm just talking to my friends, no12:34 Yeah, I always. I mean, not always full sentences, but I never- I don't use acronyms a whole lot or emojis. I don't even have special emojis. I just have whatever comes on the basic keyboard. Uhhhh.... 12:49 I've found it pretty funny, because my grandmother actually uses more acronyms in texting than I do13:00 That's funny! �13:02 Well, my Mom used one the other day on me that I didn't know what it was, ummm, I had to look it up. But, yeah, I think in social media, so when, like Facebook and Instagram, when it all first come out, I was very much into it, and now I- not. 13:19 No? 13:20 I think I could disappear from most of that world and be totally fine with it. 13:25 That's interesting. So, I think that sort of answers that question, but, ummm, is there any sort of media that you produce or alter in some way? Like, do you make your own sorts of videos, things like that, is there anything that you do? Nothing posted? 13:47 No, I really don't, I mean, not with media stuff, I photoshop things, but I'll take the suggested video that Google put together for me, but no. And I don't post- I usually don't post anything like that. 14:04 And then, tell me about your strategy for storing your media, like, what takes up the most space on your phone, or how do you actually- the other question is, how do you keep it all organized- so do you have folders on your phone? 14:18 Uh, yeah, so I do have the tiles, like utilities, photography, navigation, and anything that's, like, loose, I put on the second page, because I don't want too much on here. Umm, so probably photos take up the most, ummm, and my iCloud filled up like ten years ago, so I just use Google Photos, and it automatically backs up. I also never delete a text, so I probably should, I'm sure that takes up room, other than that I have no idea, because, until my phone starts telling me I'm out of storage, I won't purge it of things. I never back up my phone. So14:56 Oh no! 14:58 I know, you should- I should, but no. 15:03 �So, this is another interesting question that doesn't really pertain to the main theme, but it's 'how do you protect yourself with your media usage?' privacy, things like that, what's important to you in terms of things like that? 15:20 Ummm, well I don't think I do, I mean, I shut off location services, but like, as far as social media, I just don't put- I don't post a lot of things. I will post my dogs on Instagram, but ummm, and occasionally my kid, or a family picture or something, but I just don't get into it, I don't post anything political, I don't- 'cause I just am not willing to put forth the time to have a conversation with people or an argument, or deal with comments and stuff like that, so I've just sort of stepped back. I don't want to- I will have conversations in person, but I don't want to deal. I think social media is now a time-suck to me, so I just tend to stay off of it, unless I can browse right quick, but I'm not going to post anything. 16:12 And, is there anything not reflected in terms of media, do you still read the newspaper, magazines, umm, radio, TV.... all that stuff that16:24 So, I listen to NPR, um, I have Spotify and I listen to a lot of podcasts on it, as well as music, ummm, I do not have a newspaper service, uhh, but uhh, I subscribe to things online. Ummm, and I have a few blogs that I read on the regular. 16:50 And, do you ever play video games at all? I noticed you said on here that your very first16:54 Yes! Nint- Old Nintendo! With, uhh, Mario Brothers and Duck Hunt! Like, the, had the cartridge, you had to blow on it to get it to work. That was me and my brother, we had that when we were little, so I was probably nine or ten or eleven when we got that, we do have an Xbox at home, but mostly my husband and son play it. I like some games, though, I will say my guilty pleasure is like Call of Duty, I like to kill people. 17:26 Oh my gosh, that's funny! 17:28 I know. 17:29 It's a good stress reliever! �17:30 It really is. During the summer, when it's more relaxed, I will play video games. But not much during the school year. 17:40 And then, finally, we've got your personal history and learning of technology. This is the very last section, it sort of goes, how did you- how did this all begin? So, how did you start using your digital tech, and also, it's sort of a twofold question, how did your relationship with it change, from when you first had it, to where you are now? 18:01 Um, like, all the way from having a gaming console? 18:07 Yep! 18:07 Okay. So, I don't even remember when we first had a computer in the house, umm, I had to have been in middle school. But my dad actually owned a computer company back when people were just starting to like, put computers in their houses, ummm, and my dad and my brother were techie people, like my brother is a computer genius, like, he- he's is three years younger, and he- but he hit that time period that if you learned to code things, and do like, you'll just make tons of money, and, and understand how computers work. I really have no idea. I missed that mark. Ummm, but, so, technology's never been a huge part of my life, really, even until iPhones. Cell phones- so, I got my first cell phone when I was twenty-one, and it was an old Nokia brick phone, and my dad gave it to me when I graduated college, and I put it in the glovebox of my car and was like "alright, I'll use this on emergencies", like I did not understand the point of having a cell phone, and I did not get an iPhone until, probably, I was thirty, and my husband got an iPhone so he got me an iPhone, and I thought it was ridiculous- I did not need to have an iPhone19:33 And then what happened? 19:34 And now, I cannot live without an iPhone. But I still- I love it and I hate it, I have a ten-yearold who wants a phone so bad, and I refuse to get him a phone, but at the same time, I cannot- not- I have to make a conscious effort in the evenings to put my phone down. And that's just crazy to me, 'cause we didn't grow up that way. It just wasn't a part of life, to be able to check your email and communicate with people constantly, it's a really weird thing for, I think, because my generation is probably the last generation that grew up without �those things. But has them now. So, now that we have kids, it's- it's a weird thing. That went off on a tangent. 20:17 No, but it was a good tangent! So, of the sort of activities you've discovered so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? What took you the most time to sort of, pick up? 20:35 Ummm, you know, probably social media. And I only say that because you know how, like, Facebook will send you "in this day" of whenever, and when I see things from my first year of social media or something, I don't think I had a clue of what to do, and what it was for, I don't know that any of us really did, but they were so stupid, my little posts, like "having coffee", or something- like, why? I would just broadcast what I was doing in life, and it was for nothing! Umm, it's something a lot of people do. The creation and evolution of social media is such a bizarre thing to me, ummm, and I still don't think I have it right. And maybe that's why I don't post a lot of stuff. I, when I have, so like, I'll, you know, follow students on Instagram and things as we get to know each other, and you guys are so clever and witty with your stuff, and I will never be that way. 21:34 And then, ummm, are there any activities with your device that you wish you knew how to do, but don't? 21:45 No, I think I do too much on it anyways. I don't even know what I'm missing. 21:51 And then, ummm, how about this one? Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? 22:00 Yes. 22:02 And, how are you gauging that? 22:05 I don't know. 22:07 You just, sort of- �22:08 I just do. Umm, I have a stupid amount of self-confidence, so I assume I'm doing whatever correctly no matter what. Umm, I don't know, I think so, because I think most of the time, in a- you said in a professional way, right? 22:27 Yeah! 22:29 Most of the time, I think, in that, at least in this world, professional academia, we're behind the times, so I'm a step ahead of that one. 22:38 And, in your own words, could you describe to me what you would consider somebody who is digitally literate? What does that mean to you? 22:52 So, I would say it's just somebody who knows how to- I think the gauge is how well you know how to use a smartphone. Whether it's Android or iPhone. But- like, it used to be, just knowing how to operate Word and Excel, and things like that, but23:18 And it's funny how we've- how we've transferred from that professional context to23:22 When I think of who- so, like, my grandfather is ninety-three years old, and he has finally gotten dow- like, he has an iPhone. 23:30 No! 23:31 Yeah, my dad got him an iPhone, like a couple years ago, and it took a long time, but he can text, and FaceTime, and it's such a bizarre thing to him, like it took a long time to get the hang of it, even though it's so intuitive. Umm, but yeah, and so, if you think about- it's mostly the older generation who do not know how to operate smartphones and could care less, I get it, but I think that's who we would consider digitally- digitally illiterate. 24:02 And, with that definition, would you consider yourself digitally literate? 24:07 �Literate? 24:08 Literate. 24:08 Yes. 24:10 And, we've sort of already talked about how you learned to be digitally literate over the course of your time, going from video games to smartphones to social media to posting about coffee in your day to day life, you know, but that's pretty much it. I just want to quickly ask if there is anything else you would like me to know in the context of this interview, anything I didn't ask that I should've- anything else you'd like to talk about. 24:41 Ummm, no, I think that was very thorough. 24:46 Excellent. 24:46 Thank you. 24:47 Perfect. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview GK (Pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Penelope Smith (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 14 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Nuremberg, Germany Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1975-1979 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Some French and Spanish Occupation Technical Director of Performing Arts Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 9 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "My generation is probably the last generation that grew up without those things." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #1-Pre-1980 Birthdate The following is an interview of Penelope Smith*, a Caucasian female born in the 1975-1980 age range. The interview was conducted by an Oxford College First Year student, also Caucasian and female. The interview focuses on a tour of a digital device of the research subject’s choosing, studying the past and present digital experience of a said subject for comparison to other generations. college student pre-1980 birthdates https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/4317de41ce0c7f0531e48aca0edefee4.pdf 60ceb2554b554406b420dce4c33332df PDF Text Text Interview with an Ecuadorian Entrepreneur on Her Personal and Professional Use of Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #7 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 Introduction: This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Fatima*, who is interviewed by Ana Natalia. Fatima, a Ecuadorian woman born within the age range of 1965-1970, is an entrepreneur and start-up consultant in the Boston area for companies started by women. She is also the mother of three children. Ana Natalia is a first year student at Oxford College of Emory University from Wellesley, Massachusetts. She is a neuroscience major with an interest on studying digital technology’s effect on the brain. The intent of this interview was to understand the role of technology in the life of someone who did not grow up with digital technologies such as they are now. Furthermore, Ana Natalia wanted to explore the ways in which technological literacies are learnt and/or developed over a long period of time. *Pseudonym Interviewer: In this interview I’d like to ask you to take me on a tour of a digital device particularly significant to you and that you use frequently. If the device enables it I’d like you to review records of your activities during the past month such as calendar entries, phone calls, emails, websites, and social media interactions and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the way you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also please don’t share anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. And please don’t mention names of other people. When referring to other people please name them by their role rather than their name. For example, coworker or family member. Before we begin do you have any questions? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Tell me why you chose this device? Interviewee: Because I use it frequently. Interviewer: To start I’d like you to look through your device and see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have recordings of activities in the 1 �calendar app, or, for example, or in a to-do list or invitations to events through social media or a journaling app. What apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? Interviewee: Calendar. Interviewer: And in what capacity do you use that app? Interviewee: Every… Every week and umm… Sometimes every day. Interviewer: And what do you use it for? What information is on that app? Interviewee: It is not an app. It is part of the calendar. The calendar app. Um… The activities for my family members and work commitments are what are on here. Interviewer: So based on what you see on that calendar app what are your main activities? Interviewee: Work meetings. Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your activities and the roles your device plays in them? Interviewee: Could you please repeat? Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your activities such as your kid’s activities after school, or your work activities and what role does your device, your iPhone, play in that? Interviewee: Very important because it connects it directly and reminds me the… the email that was initially referenced from and also timed and… specific meetings like where in the city that automatically give me directions to get me to that point if I need it. Interviewer: Ok. Are there any important activities that are not reflected in information that’s on your device? So just to expand on that a little bit further- are there activities that you do during your daily life that if I were to look on your phone I could not find any trace of them? Interviewee: Passwords and registrations. Um… feels frustrating to access to too many passwords and registrations in some cases but mostly passwords. Interviewer: I’m talking about activities though. Things that you do on a day to day basis that are not on your phone. So maybe you play tennis but it's not in your calendar so it's not reflected in the information on your phone. Interviewee: Um… Interviewer: Are there any undocumented… digitally undocumented activities that you do day to day? 2 �Interviewee: Yes. Interviewer: And what are they? Interviewee: Those are mostly related to my sports and, umm health. Daily exercises I usually do and I have a schedule without the help of the calendar. Interviewer: Ok. Next I’d like you to ask… Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see any records of the people you were involved with over the past month. For example, you might have records of people you’ve contacted or who contacted you in phone records, your text messages, you email, your social media interactions or your voice calls such as Skype or Facetime. Please present roles or relationship names instead of the person’s actual name. So what apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: Whatsapp, mainly. Um… messaging and phone calls. Interviewer: And is it mostly for business or for pleasure? Interviewee: Entirely for business. And, um… It takes… Since the company I worth with is located overseas they use… the easiest way to reach or be reached is through Whatsapp because it is free, allows you to use it for longer periods of time, and allows you to send even files and pictures. Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it? So do you notice any pattern in your use of, maybe Whatsapp or another app that you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: A pattern? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Could you give me an example? Interviewer: So, perhaps maybe I notice a pattern that I communicate differently with people online than I do with people in person. Or maybe I notice that I usually call people at a certain time and text people at another time. If you notice any pattern relating to your communication with other people online. Interviewee: On my flowed of work I schedule… I have scheduled patterns of activities through, umm Whatsapp to meet. The other well-used app is called Zoom.us which allows me to share a meeting and even my computer. Interviewer: So would you say that the patterns that you’ve noticed in your communication and the… is that it tends to be more formal because of the apps or the context in which you’re using your device? Interviewee: Yes, absolutely. 3 �Interviewer: In this final section I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you’ve shared with me focusing on how you’ve learned to use them in the way that you currently do. So my first question is how did you start using digital technologies and how has your relationship with it changed over time? Interviewee: I started from the beginning with the, umm, what was called Blackberry that allowed to send emails, umm, and the… In the mid-nineties and, uh, with that I went through to… only, uhh, iPhone and Apple telephones. I never had any android or any of that kind. Um as much as I remember it used to be emails in the very beginning with the Blackberry and then the iPhone came with the possibility of email and also texting, uh, it has been advancing in the… In these ten past years have been the most advanced changes in the levels of technology. Interviewer: So of the activities that you have described so far, um, what are the most complex for you to learn? Activities on your digital device, I mean. Interviewee: The most complex? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Umm… The most complex… I think that in general everything is user friendly and that is the reason why it’s… they accomplished to have so many customers. It’s because their efficiencies. So I don’t find it difficult whatsoever I think that umm… apps are umm tend to be boring but technology-wise from the iPhone I think they are generally user friendly I don’t have any problems. Interviewer: Ok. Can you tell me about when and how you learned to complete certain activities or was it user friendly to an extent in which you didn’t feel like you had to learn any of the technologies you just automatically knew how to work it. Interviewee: Not it was not automatically but it’s a common sense. I think YouTube helps a lot if you do not understand something and, umm, and that is… and that is key because you don’t need to talk to anybody anymore. Interviewer: To learn? Interviewee: Yeah to learn. Now a days video has been the biggest component of success in technology. In many cases it has been the help of video. Interviewer: Are there any activities you wish you knew how to complete on your device that you don’t already know or do you feel like you know everything you need to know? Interviewee: Um, well, I think that for my particular needs I have everything that I need. I think, um, I… I would like to be more efficient. I believe that younger generations… I’m in my late forties so I think younger generations are faster than I in manipulating and understanding technology. But there is nothing 4 �that has been… I mean software or apps like Zoom or, um, TeamViewer take a little bit of a while to install but it’s not too difficult. Now if we’re talking about hosting websites or that level of things I would like to be faster. I think it’s faster if… but I haven’t taken any class. I would have to take a class to be more efficient with websites or understanding commercial platforms to put them to work. Um, dropship platforms that I’d like to work with and understand better. Those are my difficulties but that’s less technology it’s mostly software, um, and programming. Interviewer: Ok. So if you were to answer what you were missing in order to complete these… learning how to use programming to your advantage whether it is in business or just creating a website you think you’re missing education in terms of classes or someone teaching you how to program? Interviewee: Yes. Yes, definitely. Interviewer: Ok. Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? Interviewee: No Interviewer: How so? Interviewee: I usually need to call someone that helps me to put together first time. After first time it’s in general easier. Um but not on everything I think that, um, if you are asking about hardware, like technology related to iPhones and all of that I think installing isn’t a big deal. However in terms of software and programming it’s different as I mentioned. That’s a different world but I would like to know more about it. Interviewer: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Interviewee: Um… I cannot answer that question but I can answer saying it depends on how… how good is that person in administration and becoming a leader in that industry. That is what makes the difference professionally. There are many professionals that world for big, big companies, but um, it depends what they want. Is that what you’re asking about? Digital professionally? Interviewer: If I just said the word “digitally literate” to you what would that mean? If I were to describe someone as digitally literate? Interviewee: A programmer. Interviewer: A programmer? Interviewee: Yeah Interviewer: And would you consider yourself digitally literate? Interviewee: Absolutely not. 5 �Interviewer: Why not? Interviewee: Because it is like having a vacuum or a dishwasher in a house. You know how to operate it basically but you don’t know how to put it together or disassemble it. Interviewer: So in order to from someone to be digitally literate by this metaphor you would need to have a basic understanding of how the dishwasher works on a technical level. Interviewee: If you said a digitally literate person I’m assuming it’s someone that for sure is capable to put together programs or build programs. And it depends if one thing is hardware and another is software for sure. Interviewer: Yeah. Absolutely. So finally is there anything else you would like me to know? And is there anything I did not asked but I should’ve asked in your opinion? Interviewee: Um let me think… I don’t know how important this is but what makes me quite uncomfortable as a user is that even though it’s user friendly most of us we have to hold it in our hand or run with it… Everything is still done by hand. It’s difficult to carry so what many people do is just be handy and in that sense I don’t see the technology so involved I don’t even know how we could supply that. Probably with the watch? But it doesn’t seem like even that is taking over for the phone itself. Interviewer: So if I hear you clearly you are saying that you wish digital technologies were in a format in which you didn’t have to literally hold the phone you could just wear it or have it on your wrist? Interviewee: Exactly, exactly. I don’t think that watch… the iPhone watch or whatever it is I don’t think it’s taking over for the phone itself as of now. Interviewer: And by taking over you don’t mean… you don’t think… Interviewee: It’s not replacing the iPhone. The iWatch is not replacing the iPhone for sure. Interviewer: And you would like to see it replace the phone? Interviewee: Yeah to make it more comfortable as well. I’m worried about radiation as well. Interviewer: Ok. Interviewee: Radiation is one, holding it is another one, and uh, stress, um I can see it makes you anxious at all times to have the world in your hands. It’s tiring sometimes. Interviewer: Do you think that’s because of the actual fact that you’re holding a phone or do you think that’s because of the nature of digital technology inherently? 6 �Interviewee: I think it’s because of the nature of technology. Also because of the lack of legislation in terms of what is allowed and what’s not. So it’s not… so if there’s not legislation about the, uh, age of the people that should be having technology and if there’s not legislation to the point that there is on TV so in the end of the parent doesn’t put… doesn’t put some restrictions on what to watch for the child the government is behind while in Europe it seems to be… IN Europe and Asia they are more aware of the constant stress and, uh, that it can cause. SO they are instead taking over in their hands and manipulating the information that is distributed. Interviewer: Thank you so much! Interviewee: Thank you! 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Ana-Natalia Epstein Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Fatima (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 7 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Massachusetts, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Quito, Ecuador Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Ecuadorian Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Latina Occupation Investor, Entrepreneur Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Spanish, English Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an Ecuadorian Entrepreneur on Her Personal and Professional Use of Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #7 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Fatima*, who is interviewed by Ana Natalia. Fatima, a Ecuadorian woman born within the age range of 1965-1970, is an entrepreneur and start-up consultant in the Boston area for companies started by women. She is also the mother of three children. Ana Natalia is a first year student at Oxford College of Emory University from Wellesley, Massachusetts. She is a neuroscience major with an interest on studying digital technology’s effect on the brain. The intent of this interview was to understand the role of technology in the life of someone who did not grow up with digital technologies such as they are now. Furthermore, Ana Natalia wanted to explore the ways in which technological literacies are learnt and/or developed over a long period of time. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Ecuadorian entrepreneur pre-1980 birthdates https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/b1c47d0a4f57820b272fb1012b17e9a7.jpg 671b1647a94ab9057eadfb5a0f12b6de https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3ede8f0c9f0071bdca3adf9aeb2acdc9.pdf 6ace21487af012ffa5a472689efa69be PDF Text Text 1 Interview with an Asian Manager of an Insurance Company About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #3 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 8, 2018 Introduction This interview is conducted on October 8th via the Internet. The interviewee is an Asian female who works in a Chinese insurance company. She was born around 1975-1980. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies. Transcription A: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your phone, your laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of the other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions? W: No. A: Do you mind showing me a picture of your device and give me permission to take a screenshot of that device? W: This is my device. A: Could you tell me why you chose this device? W: Why I chose my cell phone? Two words: too convenient. A: Having everything on your cell phone, right? W: Everyone's contact information is on the cellphone. Now the mobile phone has nearly all the function I needed, and it is very easy to carry. A: Cell phones are indeed smaller than PCs. �2 W: Indeed. A: To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example, or in a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media. And if any, what do you use to plan something, coordinate, or record your activities? W: I have an App called Wonder List. I use this App mostly for listing work tasks and deadlines. The user interface of this software is very simple, without ads, so I like to use it to record my work-related things. I can also highlight some of the most important tasks and review my past records after finishing them. A: So, you use Wonder list to record your work tasks. Do you use any other Apps or programs for your personal to-do list? For example, attending a display or hanging out with friends? W: I don’t put short-term activities on my list. My friends and I usually don’t plan to go to any activities. We just usually run into some show or display by chance. We don't do long-time planning. When we want to meet, we just gather together immediately. So, there is no need for the to-do list. However, for long-time activities like traveling with my family, I would put on my Outlook Calendar, reminding me to finish my task ahead and leave e-mail to co-workers. A: So, let’s move to another part. In this part, we are going to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. Like communications with other people through e-mail, messages, and phone calls. And please provide roles and relationship names. Okay, the first question is what Apps or programs you use to communicate with other people. W: The App I used most frequently is WeChat. A: Indeed! Chinese people like to use WeChat. W: I also used QQ and e-mail. A: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? Do you use particular modes of communication for particular people? W: I have several different e-mail accounts. I have a company e-mail to contact coworkers and deal with work tasks. To communicate with friends, I usually use QQ email. I also use 163 e-mail to sign up membership in different Apps and receive ads. A: So, is there any important interaction with people not reflected in information on your device? W: I use my cell phone for nearly all the connections. Only when I need to edit and send documents or slides to other people, I will use my PC. Although my mobile phone allows �3 me to edit all the documents and PowerPoints, I still found it more convenient to read and edit on a larger screen. A: So, now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what record you have of the places you went during the past month. And especially on your calendar or mapping application like Google Maps. So, did you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations for the past month? W: I used Baidu Map when searching for new places. According to records, I have been to the Northeastern part of China like Ha’erbin and the Western part of China like Xinjiang. I always mark places I went to on Baidu Map. A: So, because you travel for business meetings very often, do you allow apps to track your movement or permit “Location Services” all the time? W: I think the permission of location for apps like Baidu Map is very necessary when I search for places, and because I don’t want to waste time to give permission each time I use the app, I usually just open the Location Services all the time. I don’t think giving permission to Baidu Map will expose privacy. A: How did you first learn to navigate new locations? Did you read physical maps and memorize landmarks? W: I usually use Popular Reviews, [an App similar to Yelp], to search for restaurants and places of interests when navigating new locations. A: In the last section I would like to you ask you to Look through your device to see what record you have of the media you used during the past month. Something like social media, posts, texts, Photos music videos or anything you have read or listened to, watched or that you have created and distributed. W: I usually use VUE - movie & video editor to record and edit videos. This App allows me to shoot videos with different filters and support video stitching and editing. I used this to function to organize my video based on the timeline. A: How about your access to media? W: I use Weibo most. And I also downloaded TikTok this month because all my friends were using this App. But I found the videos very boring, so I plan to uninstall it. I saw a lot of high school students really enjoying videos on this platform. But I did not enjoy the jocks or funny moments of the younger generation. A: What are some ways for you to store your media? Did you store them in your cell phone or upload them to the Cloud. W: After selecting, I usually upload some of my pictures, emails, and videos to the Cloud. Because the memories of my cell phone are limited, I usually upload big-size files to Baidu Cloud Pan. I can easily have access to my previous files on this App. It’s also very convenient to retrieve the previous file if I lose my phone or computer. �4 A: So, tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. W: I never mark my locations in my photos that I uploaded on any social platforms. I only allow the map software to locate me, but I will not publish my location on the public platform. A: For security concerns? W: Definitely. Also, I will feel very uncomfortable that there’s a chance that everyone could know my position if I mark the place and upload it to the social platform. A: What important media are not reflected in information on your device? W: For the past month, I watched TV a lot. I enjoy watching TV series on larger screens. Oh, I also went to the cinema several times. A: So, in this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. The first question is how you started using digital technology and whether you found the relationship changed over time. W: I rely more and more on mobile phones. I can do everything in real life just by clicking some bottoms on my cell phone. When the phone was not so smart, the electronic device I used most is the computer. When smartphones have more and more functions and recreational features, all my contacts are on the phone. I found that I used Apps like WeChat all the time and I could barely live without them. A: You told me a lot about what you have achieved by using your cell phone. Among these activities you have described so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? W: Right now, I think most of them are not difficult for me to get started because most of them are designed to open to the public and to make a good experience for general people. However, when I first have iPhone 4, my first smartphone, it still took me several days to get used to the system. It was a completely different product. The phone I had before did not have such a big screen. iPhone 4’s user interface was built around the multi-touch screen, with a virtual keyboard. I had no idea how to download Apps and how to use the virtual keyboards. After I got familiar with the system and user interface, I found that I have no problem using later iPhone products like iPhone 7 or the latest iPhone X. A: Have you ever thought about why you could use the following new products without encountering any difficulties? W: It’s probably because the systems are quite similar. Although with some improvement, I still use the same way to discover their new functions. A: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? �5 W: I want to learn computer programing and be able to write code. I have always wanted to learn, but I gave up. I was considering learning it again. A: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? W: I did not experience any difficulties when using digital devices for personal life, at least right now. But for bank programs like the confidential information control program, I found it very complicated because it required me to finish many procedures for each client. A: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? W: I don’t know. I am not sure what does digital literacy mean. We don’t use this word in China. But I think the ability to analyze the information they attain form the Internet is very important for someone defined as having digital literacy. I think someone who is curious about new technologies and who is interested in and can access these products could be considered digitally literate. For example, one of my friends bought almost every new product from Apple and other brands to discover and review features and improvements in new products. I think he is digitally literate. And also, those who are digitally literate also analyze the trends of digital technologies and media. For example, they can find business values in new media platforms and digital technologies. A: Thank you for your time. Enjoy your week. W: Thank you, you too. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview A (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed W (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 5 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Sichuan, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Sichuan, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1975-1980 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Eastern Asiatic Mongolias Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Staff Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 17 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. N/A Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an Asian Manager of an Insurance Company About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #3 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This interview is conducted on October 8th via the Internet. The interviewee is an Asian female who works in a Chinese insurance company. She was born around 1975-1980. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Cellphone Chinese https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3d66ff617df0cbca3d11816e34e02427.jpg 3751214a256b3df4a8f9f56292d181e4 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/863c884845b4507f7d170878d17f4af6.pdf 114d6dff8947820ec009d3fcde79b7b6 PDF Text Text Interview with a Chinese Engineer About His Experience with Digital Literacy Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #2 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 This is an interview between C and me about the usage of digital technology. C is 53 years old and he lives in China. He uses cell phone frequently in work and life. He chose cell phone as the device he wants to use in this interview. This is an interview conduct through video call. I am the interviewer. I am Carolyn, a student from Oxford College of Emory University. Carolyn: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your mobile phone, laptop, desk computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to look at the record of your activities during the past month, such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, website, and social media interactions and talk to me about it. Especially are the places you go and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what you ignore. And you can decide when to sharing some examples by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Please don't share information about anything illegal, or information that would compromise the privacy of another person and please don't mention the names of the other people. We were referring to their names please name them by dear old rather than their name for example A co-worker or a family member. So, before we begin do you have any questions? C: No. Carolyn: okay do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Can you tell me why you choose this device? C: The brand of my phone is called Huawei, and it is a very popular cell phone brand in China. I chose cell phone mostly because I need to contact. And through my phone, I can search for some information online that I'm interested, and read some articles that I concern. And mostly used it as a camera while I was working. Also, when I'm driving I use it to navigate. Long time ago, well, a few years ago, we have to buy a separate navigator on our car, but for nowadays those technologies are outdated. We mostly use our cell phone and that is mostly we need for the navigating. And also with my phone, I use it to pay money. I hardly bring any cash with me daily. I can transfer money on my card through some Banking apps I can buy stuff that I want. especially those when we use small money or changes, I never bring changes with me but I used to bring a lot of them cuz I need to use them to buy thing. But now you just use your cell phone to control all your money. So, it is really convenient and it is a very essential tool for us. Carolyn: It is true Alipay and WeChat pay in China is really convenient and popular. To start, I'd like to ask you to look through your devices to see records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example or a new to-do list, and invitations to events through social media, or in the journaling app. �What apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate or records activities? C: Yeah, sometimes I need those apps to record or like her to do list, cuz sometimes I forgot what my plans are and I need to look at those apps to see my past records of my activities. Like some very important events, I will record them in my calendar so I can plan things ahead. For example, if I'm attending a wedding of my friend I will records the time just in case I forgot. I will set an alarm to remind me. For example, it will automatically tell me that I need to pay for my credit cards, so that I will not forget and cause some troubles. And to me the most important function in my work is to book ticket. Through my apps, I can look up for flight tickets or highway ticket and I can buy them easily. Carolyn: Based on what you see on your device, what are your most significant activities? C: Well the most important one... I felt there are all important. For the most significant part, I will probably say it helps me keep in touch with others. In business, we are normally busy and I have a lot of people to connect with. Following are some apps those functions in different way likes business or other factors. Well, anyway, I felt phones are so important that we cannot live without it. Carolyn: Okay good. So, the third part is about people. I like to you to look through a device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of who you contacted or contacted you in your phone records, your text messages, or email, your social media interactions, or your video calls. So please provide Rose or relationship names other than people's real name. So, what do you think are the most frequent apps you use to communicate with others? C: I would say in my phone I use WeChat most frequently. I can make video calls with my family, and we can chat and share some anecdotes. For video call I only do it with my family. For my high school or college classmates or some of my coworkers, we have a lot of group chats on WeChat. We all communicate through these group chats. I contact with my family mostly then are my friends and my coworkers. Carolyn: So, do you see any pattern in your communication with others? Like what apps you used to communicate with certain people and what apps you don't use with them. C: What normal is the case that for people that I don't really know I would prefer make a phone call to make it clearer. While for those that I'm already familiar with that I know, gradually people will turn to use WeChat to keep in touch with each other. And I also noticed that I used to use texts a lot, and all the people in the past text each other. But in recent years, people hardly use text messages and they're all replaced by the chat. Unless you don't have their WeChat, you have to contact them through text messages. Carolyn: The Fourth Part is about places. Can you look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past months. for example, you might have records of places in your calendar, in a mapping apps such as Google map in the location service data of your phone, in location-based social media. So, if you can look through your phone what apps or program do you have the records of the places you visited? C: It is my apps for booking ticket. So, through these apps I can see what places I have gone and where I depart from. Carolyn: So, what are the apps you use to navigate? C: I use Baidu Map most, anywhere in my country I use Baidu Map to see medications and see where I'm going. So, I can also track my records of the places I went through it. While sometimes for some privacy issue, I don't let my apps to track my locations. I ban some of the �location services when I first downloading the app. But I've never checked if they really can reach my information or not. Carolyn: This is a bit similar to the next question, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? C: For most of the time I don't want my apps to record this information. But in some case, it seems that if I don't allow these services, these apps just cannot function normally so I have to let it track my movement sometimes. And sometimes unconsciously, you will expose some of your privacy to them. This is also something you cannot control. If you want to use them you have to expose your privacy. Carolyn: The fifth section is about media. So, if you can look through your device to see records you have of the media you use during the past month. I'm interested in social media post, text, photos music, videos, TV shows and movies and games. So, based on what you see on device, what apps or program do you use most or produced media? C: In my phone for most of the time I use websites to read news. I mainly read about what happen in society around us through my phone. Some of the videos or pictures in the news or also the media that I watch. While, relatively, I rarely watch movies. On one hand, it consumes a lot of data and on the other hand I really don't have a lot of time to watch them. While sometimes either from my friends or in the message box in my phone they promote some videos or articles and I watch or read. But those are short videos, not those very long ones. Carolyn: So, have you figured a kind of a pattern of the social media. Like when would you prefer to use them and how do you use different apps in different time? C: Sometimes when I go business, I spend a lot of time reading these articles and doing stuff on my phone, cuz I need to travel by a long distance through cars or trains, and I have a lot of free time. The other one is the lunch break, while I was eating I have some time to use my phone. And also, before I go to bed. Carolyn: Cool, so let's go to the last session, it is about the history of is your device and apps you have shared with me. I'm focusing on how you learn to use them in the way you currently do. How do you start using digital Technologies and how is your relationship with it changed over time? C: Well, I didn't use my cell phone frequently in the past, and we used it only to contact. And gradually with its development over time, it has incorporated so many crucial functions in it that we start to use it in our everyday life. I initially start to use cell phone because its function as a camera. Since I'm an engineer I used to bring camera to the factory to record all the products or equipment produced, and when I find out that phone can also be used to take pictures. That's like the incentive that caused me to buy it at the beginning. And then it started emerging those social media's like QQ which was very popular in China. And nowadays, WeChat become more popular and almost everyone have them to communicate. I also use them to keep in touch with my friend. This is basically the process how I start to use digital Technologies. Carolyn: So, which one of these activities do things to most complex you learn at the beginning? C: Well, complex, it’s hard to say, I don't fear any of these are really that difficult cuz I feel if you really want to learn something you will learn it, as long as you're willing to spend time on it. While the only thing I have never tried so far is to play games on my cell phone. Since I've �had never done this before I might feel this is more difficult, but as I said before nothing is really difficult if you spend time learning it. Carolyn: How do you define a digitally literate person, like those people who are really familiar of these digital technologies and they can employ them really well? C: Well, how to define them. I will say for people that can play with these technologies really easily might be smart in some way, and they cannot be lazy. The reason is that digital Technologies are developing really fast and all the things are changing in a short time, so if a person that are not willing to adapt to new changes, that might be hard for them to get familiar with these new things. Did Minot willing to spend time learning new Concepts. I think for most people that are curious to gain new knowledges they will spend time to learn to use these. Though of course here is the fact that older generations like us are facing more difficulties than those young people. It appears harder for us to actually learn digital technologies. Not like young kids that are born with these devices available for them. Younger people have the advantages of batter adapting to changes. But my point is still if you really want to learn it and you're willing to spend time you will finally be an expert at it. Carolyn: Well it is very true. So, do you think yourself digitally literate? C: Well I cannot say I am an expert, but I am willing to try and learn at least. For me I didn't learn every part of it, I just chose those I think that will be helpful for my lives and works. Carolyn: Okay good. That is basically what it is. Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Carolyn Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed C (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Jiangsu, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Jiangsu, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Engineer Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 25 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Huawei Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Chinese Engineer About His Experience with Digital Literacy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #2 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an interview between C and me about the usage of digital technology. C is 53 years old and he lives in China. He uses cell phone frequently in work and life. He chose cell phone as the device he wants to use in this interview. This is an interview conduct through video call. I am the interviewer. I am Carolyn, a student from Oxford College of Emory University. Chinese Engineer Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/11dd9548cc65559a375ee6f37f7ad97d.pdf 16ed005d5efd1b8f3844633ed7b07f04 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Manager at a Marketing Research Company About His Use of Technology and Proficiency with Coding Languages Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #4 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 8, 2018 Introduction This is an interview about digital device with C conducted by Hongjin Xiang. C is a male born between 1966 and 1970. He currently lives in Shanghai, China, and he was born in Hunan, China. He is a general manger in a marketing research company, and he is proficient with coding languages. Hongjin Xiang is a first-year at Oxford College. She is Chinese, and she comes from Shanghai, China. Her intentions to interview C is to understand his daily activities and relationship with the community surrounded by digital technology. Transcript HX: Hi! This is an interview about your digital device conducted over WeChat by Hongjin Xiang. Dr. Reid is the principle investigator. You may use a pseudonym for confidentiality, a name or a letter will be just fine. C: All right, I can be C. HX: Great! Now the interview begins. First, tell me about why you choose this device. C: My old cell phone, as I tell you, it’s old. Then I bought this new one, and it is the most frequent device I use in my daily life. HX: Now look through your device and see what records of your last month activities you have on it. What apps do you use, and what are your main activities? C: The most common app I’m using is WeChat. Last month I spent most of my time traveling. HX: Cool! Next, look through your device and see what records you have about people who you interacted with last month. What apps do you use to communicate with other people? C: WeChat. This is the most common app used for social communication in the Chinese community. �HX: So, how do you decide which way of communication to use over another? C: Um… For important clients or my parents, I usually call them, as I hope to get more information from voice talking. In other case, I prefer to using WeChat, which is more flexible for my friends to provide feedback. HX: Now, look through your device and see what records you have about the places you went in the past month. What apps have records of the places you visited? C: I use WeChat and Camera to record my daily life. I stored my photos in Baidu Netdisk. HX: What apps do you use to navigate locations? Do you remember how did you first learn to navigate new locations? C: I use Baidu Map in China, Google Map when abroad. In my car, I use Kailide Navigation. My first app is Baidu Map though. HX: Any apps that track your movement? C: Yes, WeChat Sports. HX: Any apps to check in to places? C: No. HX: Any apps to discover new places? C: I often use Dazhong Dianping to discover new places such as restaurants. HX: Cool. Now I would like to ask you about your records of media for the past month on your phone. What apps do you use most to access or produce media? C: WeChat again. HX: What media do you use or create the most? C: Digital photos. HX: Examples of media that are very significant to you? C: Um… Photos to record moment in traveling, such as when I travelled to the U.S. HX: How do you store your media? �C: I store all my digital photos in my PC, as well as Baidu Netdisk. For the photos created by cell phone, I will store them in cell phone at first, and back them up to Baidu Netdisk as well. HX: How do you share media? C: WeChat again and again. HX: Hahaha ok, any strategies for protecting your privacy with using media? C: No at present, but I’m planning to buy a private NAS device, which is like a private cloud device, to back up my private information. HX: Any media not reflected on your device? It’s like you might read newspaper or magazines. C: Yes, radio and TV. HX: Now comes the final part. How did you start using digital technology? How has your relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? C: I started using digital video camera about 18 years ago, as I wanted to record the growing of my daughter. After that, I try to learn digital technology to create electronic album and video editing to generate DVD etc. I enjoyed learning digital technology, as it makes my life more fun and provide happy memories. HX: Aw. Which was the most complex for you to learn? C: It was to create a DVD video, which needs video and audio editing and compression and burning. I have learned software such as Abode premium etc. HX: So, you use them for…? C: Most for recording family life, and sometimes business. HX: When and how did you learn it? C: 15 years ago, from Internet. HX: Any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? C: I wish I had learned the editing and adjusting of RAW format photo generated by my Sony camera. HX: Wow. Why? �C: If I have learned it 3 months ago, I could adjust the exposition curve of the digital photo taken in my daughter’s high school commencement. HX: Aw… What are you missing to learn it then? C: The new RAW format of Sony A7R3 is not supported in light room, and I could not find the driver files for it. HX: Ah… Sounds really complicated. Last question. Do you feel you have enough digital skills in professional context? C: Yes, I think I can. I have good knowledge in computer science and programming. And in the eyes of my friends, I’m often pioneer in using digital device, and interested in learning new technology. HX: That’s very cool! Any other thing you would like me to know? C: No… HX: Ok, then. Thank you so much for doing this interview with me! C: No problem. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Hongjin "Clare" Xiang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed C (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Shanghai, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Hunan, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1966-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation General Manager, Marketing Research Company Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity VBA, C++ Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Huawei Mate 9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Manager of a Marketing Research Company About His Use of Technology and Proficiency with Coding Languages Description An account of the resource Interview #4 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an interview about digital device with C conducted by Hongjin Xiang. C is a male born between 1966 and 1970. He currently lives in Shanghai, China, and he was born in Hunan, China. He is a general manger in a marketing research company, and he is proficient with coding languages. Hongjin Xiang is a first-year at Oxford College. She is Chinese, and she comes from Shanghai, China. Her intentions to interview C is to understand his daily activities and relationship with the community surrounded by digital technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English C++ Cellphone Chinese Huawei VBA https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/6cfa975ee721b2db2897cf82a193f420.pdf 8d9d2d08c5ae8da4a62f73e7503b135e PDF Text Text An Interview with a Psychology Professor About Her Evolving Experiences with Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #10 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 4, 2018 Introduction: This is an oral history interview with Dr. A, a Caucasian female, currently teaching at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of Dr. A. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so Dr. A drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Transcript: D: Ma’am, so—um in this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you. And that you use it regularly, like your mobile phones, laptop, desktop, computer, anything that you find that is—um—important in your life. Dr. A: Okay. D: And so—um—before we begin, do you have any questions or concerns? Dr. A: No. D: Okay. Thank you! Do—ah— so—um as you said before that you wanted to use your laptop. Can you tell me the reason why you choose to use this device? Dr. A: So you mean for the interview? �D: Yes. Dr. A: —Or just in general? Okay, so—um I guess it's probably the device I use most frequently— um—and I use it for work and all kinds of things. D: Yes, ma’am. Um—so for this part of the—um interview, I'm going to ask you like—um—what activity Do you usually use this device for? Like, on your laptop y—there’s many features, apps and you know, such as things that enable you to have access to a larger—ah—community or information or of the community? What apps or programs if any, do you use to plan coordinate or record your activities? Dr. A: So I used email a lot, and then—ah—the email program I use has a calendar function. So—um— I used that to record things. D: So the calendar thing that like very important for almost everyone. Dr. A: Yes. D: Um—based on what you see on your devices. What are your main activities? Unknown 1:53 Um—my main activity, I would say, well, email would certainly rank up there pretty high. Ah— what else do I used? Ah—search—web searching for various things. Certainly, I used word for writing papers and tests and all those fun things. Um—what other programs do I used?Ah— PowerPoint for getting lectures together. D: Ahah. Dr. A: Let's see, I'm just looking at common ones. Ah—I used a statistics program when I'm doing data analyses. D: Oh wow… Dr. A: And what else do I used? Ah—oh, I keep my—my photos on my laptop, so I used the photo program. �D: Yes, ma'am. So of all these—um programs that you described, which one do you feel like is the most important to you? Like, you have to use it or else… Dr. A: Probably email. D: Yeah, I heard from Professor that they have to check their emails so many times a day. Dr. A: Yes. D: Um—what patterns do you noticed in your activities and the role of your device played in them? Dr. A: Can you tell me a little bit more what you're asking? Unknown 3:14 So it's kind of like—like—um you know, how you describe your regular activities. What do you notice that—that’s, you know, your laptop enable you to do like—like, what kind of patterns do you find that you do? Do you have to refer back to your laptop regularly to do this device, or you know, what sorts of you know… Dr. A: So gosh, I feel like, I use it constantly. If I'm in my office—I’m, which is, you know, much of the day I am sitting in front of my computer. And so, I'm regularly switching back and forth between—so I always have my email and my calendar up, but then I might be working on, you know, slides for class tomorrow, or writing—ah—you know, working on some writing for research, or can I think what else? So, I’m—I switch back and forth a lot in terms of what I do, but it’s—I use it pretty much all day, every day (laughter). D: (Laughter) So would you say that is like—very important to you? Like, if you forgot your laptop at home one day (laughter)? Like, what will happen? Dr. A: I would go home to get it (laughter). D: (Laughter) Dr. A: I mean, yeah, I can't really get through the day without it. D: �Yes, thank you. Um—what other important activities that are not reflected on the information of your devices. So what others thing that you do that, you know, doesn't necessarily involving your device that—you know, you don't need it, and it doesn't reflect on that type of activities? Dr. A: Oh, so work related things or outside of work? Or what do you thinking? D: It could be work related things that—because you do work and you have, like, use your laptop in order to do work. It could relate it to that, or it could be something else that, you know, you find important in your life, and, you know, you don't necessarily use… Dr. A: Oh, okay, um, well, I try not to use it—ah—all the time at home (laughter). Um, so I tried to have time during the day where I don't have my laptop going, and I'm with my family, my kids and things like that. Um—at work, like during regular, you know, workday hours—um—the only time I'm really not on my computer is if I'm in a meeting or—ah— meeting with students or teaching—when I'm teaching, I'm not on my computer. I'm usually on the computer in the classroom. D: Yeah (laugh). Dr. A: So I would say at work, there aren't a lot of times that I'm not using it. But at home, I try to— ah—try to minimize the amount of time. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. That’s very insightful. Because I think—I should stop using— Dr. A: —I know, I know. D: —it now so I don’t… Dr. A: I mean, one way that I think a lot of people use their devices and computers would be for, you know, like watching movies or things like that. And I don't usually do that on my laptop. I mean, I might watch TV or something, but on an actual TV (laughter), not my computer. So I would say I don’t—I don't use it a lot for sort of non work related things. Um—like I said, I keep my photos on there. But so that would not be work related—but—ah—that’s about it. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. So for the next section, I'm going to ask you about the people and your social media interactions with your—with people around you through like, your text messages, �your emails, your records, or any orders—other type of social media platforms that you use, like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and or, you know, video calls such as Skype or FaceTime. Dr. A: Okay. D: And so I'm going to ask you like, the role of it in, you know, in—in your communication with other people and relationships that, you know, those apps and program help you to achieve or to form? Dr. A: Okay. D: So what kind of apps or program if any of you use to communicate with other people? Dr. A: So—um— to communicate with others, I used email. Um—I text though not with my laptop with my phone (laughter). D: (laughter) Dr. A; And what else do I do—Facebook? Um— I'm trying to think—those are really the only ones I use. I don't have an Instagram account, or um—Snapchat, or—what else and I don't really Skype. I have used Skype, but I don't use it regularly. So it's really just those three email texting and Facebook. Yeah. D: Um, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device play in? Dr. A: So patterns and communication? Um—well, I guess specifically with my laptop email would be the main one. And so I use it for communication—um— both professionally and personally. So, you know, professionally—um—that’s how faculty communicate with one another, or you know, I communicate with—with colleagues and collaborators at other universities, primarily through email. Um—you know, committee work on campus, we're constantly emailing things, so I use it a lot that way. And then patterns in terms of—um—other sort of personal things, I guess, keeping up with friends, texting—ah—my parents, keep emailing, texting my parents, and then texting—ah— also communicating with my—my kids with friends, things like that. D: �So, you know, the one that you—ah—described, which one do you think would be like the thing—that—the program that you would use the most like not at your work per se, but in general? Dr. A: Oh okay. So um—probably still email. I think—I mean texting is important to me in terms of being able to communicate quickly and easily like with my kids, or with my husband, but other than that, email’s probably the most important one. D: Yes, thank you. Um, so what type of other interactions that you know—you don't use your device for that isn't reflected in the information on your device? Dr. A: Oh, that I don't use my device for? Um—well, lots of face to face interactions, for sure (laughter). D: (laughter) Dr. A: That would, I guess, be the main one and phone calls—ah— you know, actually picking up the phone and talking to people. Um, I mean, I guess that's the device though, but are you specifically asking about my laptop or just devices in general? D: Just your laptop. Dr. A: Oh, my laptop. Okay. So, um, yeah, I mean, primarily face to face interactions. D: Yes, ma’am. And I found out I like really—important—I’m not a big person on texting. You know, people like to use computers or any type of digital media to communicate, but I'd rather go out and find people to talk with. Dr. A: Yeah. D: It’s more fun than— (laughter) Dr. A: Yeah, definitely (supportive)! D: �Yes. So in the next session, I'm going to ask you about, you know, the places that you interact with using your device like there's certain apps and programs that allow you to navigate like you know, Google Maps, service location data on your on your phone, or local based social media that facilitate any type of you know—um— transportations, and as well as your calendar when you know, you have calendar to remind you of where to go, what place you need to be in at this moment, this hour, this time and so—um—if you have any sorts of device like that—um—what do you—which apps or programs you often used to navigate to discover location? Dr. A: Um—well, so I guess on my laptop, it would primarily be just the calendar function. So I put everything, you know, all my appointments and things like that—meetings on—on my calendar. So I would be pretty lost if I didn't have that. I—I don’t—I don't try to remember things in terms of where I need to be when, I just throw it all in there and hope for the best. Um—in terms of other sorts of things, I guess, I don't really use my laptop so much for the other things that you mentioned. It is my phone more for, you know, like using maps to get places or to find my way around, but, um, but don't really use my laptop that way. D: Yes, ma’am. And one other important things that I want to—um— mention is that on all devices, they have this thing called surface—oh no, location services— Dr. A: Ahah— D: —which mean it allowed people to track you on your laptop, do you have that kind of, you know, function or feature turned on? Or you keep it all for? Dr. A: Oh, I don't even know it's a good question. I'm not sure. D: Yeah, because you know, people could like usually if you like displaced your laptop—so you also use Apple laptop—displaced your Apple Apple laptop, and maybe you have the location service turn on, you could potentially able to find your laptop, like, where is it the things like that. But if you don't have it turned on, then of course, it won't be able to track your location. Dr. A: Right. D: But um—the tracking of location could be a very scary thing because others people could really, you know, get the information, you know, through the service tractor. Dr. A: Ahah. �D: Yes. Um, do you often use your laptop to find places? Like to look on maps, or any thing to like, find any type of place? Dr. A: Um, oh, sometimes I guess I did not frequently, but occasionally—find me—if I'm looking. So if I happen to, you know, needs to look up where something is located—ah— occasionally I'll look up—um—- my kids are playing on sports teams, and I have to look up where the school is that they're playing at or something like that. D: How did you first learn how to navigate to new locations? It doesn't have to be like using any sort of device—like it could be just like memory or remember the landmarks and everything. So how do you first learn to navigate? Dr. A: How do I do it? Now, if I have to go somewhere new or you mean when I first started? D: Yeah, first started. Dr. A: Oh. So I mean, when I first started having to find my way around—ah—when I first was driving or something like that—um—none of this stuff existed. D: Yeah (laughter). Dr. A: I had paper maps that I would use to—ah—in graduate school. For example, for a couple of summers, one of my jobs was to do interviews, like what you're doing with families with children—it was a research project. And so I had to find people's houses all over the city where I was, and I had this massive map. I mean, it was huge, that had like, every possible road on it. And so I would, if I knew where I was going, if I had to go to find a new home, I would, you know, study up before I left and figure out exactly what I needed to do to get there. D: Yeah ma’am, like, currently, I'm really struggle and reading like paper map (laughter). Dr. A: Yeah (laughter). D: Like before, when I go to the—um—when I came to visit Oxford, and I have to figure out what a building is. I just looked at the paper map and I go like—I can't do this (laughter)! �Dr. A: Yup! D: Like not—this is not something for me to do. Dr. A: Yes. Well, you would have been able to probably in the past if you'd had to (laughter). D: (laughter) Yes, this is something I found out really insightful. When you know, people have to learn things— Dr. A: Yes. D: —or all sorts of things like that. Um—so in the next part, I'm going to ask you like—the media that you usually use it on—like the media is such as like social media posts, text, photos, music, video, TV shows, movies and game that you read, listen, watch or play, or it's something that you created or distributed. So any type of medium like that would considered to be a media, and I would want to find out like, what apps or programs do you usually used to facilitate, you know, the creation or, you know, the sharing or, you know, something that you do? Dr. A: Okay. So, you mean, just what are the programs that I use to share that kind of thing? D: Yes ma’am. Dr. A: Um—so, again, I guess email would be the primary one or maybe Facebook—ah—posting photos or something like that on Facebook. D: Yes ma’am. Would you say like—like if you were to produce something like you produced have written paper, you know, PowerPoints or any kind of multimodal media, what sort of program would you use it for? Dr. A: What, how would I create it? Or how would I get— D: —yeah—um—so what program you use to create those? �Dr. A: Oh, I'm so Word Documents or a PowerPoint, but that's probably—that’s probably about it. I don't create a lot of stuff on my—on my laptop. D: Yes. Um, can you give me some example of the media that is especially significant to you like the usually, like do you usually watch any type of movie TV shows? Or—or it could be like, photos that you save on your laptop, or you know, music that was saved on your laptop and things like that. Dr. A: Um, I guess I don't really—ah—the only thing I really do on my laptop that way would be photos. D: Yes ma’am. So yeah, my— my parents are to like, they’re—they like taking—they start to really taking a lot of pictures now that, you know, the camera is so relevant nowadays. It is like you just pull out your phone and took pictures and so on. They're like devices, they would have loads and loads of pictures. Dr. A: Yes. Yeah. I am—I used a regular digital SLR camera, but then I always download everything to my computer. D: Yes. Um, can you give me some examples of the media you produce or altered in any ways? Dr. A: On my laptop? D: Yes, ma'am. Dr. A: Um, I guess just photo. I mean—I don't usually—I don't produce them that way, but alter maybe. I mean, occasionally I play around with them and, you know, change the colors or something like that, but not very much. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. Um, tell me about your strategy for storing your media, like, how do you manage, you know, your photos, your music, your TV shows if you have any? Dr. A: Um, so I have some external hard drives. And I just try to frequently, you know, copy stuffs over to that, but I don't do anything very sophisticated to store it or organize it. �D: Yes, ma'am. Um, can you tell me about strat—any strategies that you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? Dr. A: Um, so, I mean, we have through the Emory system, you know, logging on to email and things like that is fairly well protected, I think, but I don't really do anything specific to… D: Yes, ma'am. I think like, regular password on a computer. Dr. A: Oh, yeah. Yeah, so right. I have a password and things like that, but nothing out of the ordinary. D: Yes, ma'am. So what important media that is not reflected in the inflammation on your device? For example, you may read newspaper or magazines, listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies, or play video games, or you may be involved in creating such media. So, you know, what types of things that you do that doesn't involve your device? Dr. A: Um, let's see. So well, I just mentioned taking photos. I use a camera to do that. Um—movies and TV—I just watch TV on a on a TV (laughter). D: (laughter). Dr. A: I like to go to movies—in the movie theater. What other things do I do? I guess reading—ah—I didn't think about that earlier, but yeah, I—I do read the newspaper a lot on my laptop. And so I don't get a hard copy of the newspaper anymore. What else did you mentioned? Oh, listening to the radio. I do that a lot. When I'm driving. I listen to the news. What other things do I do?Reading? I like to read magazines, sometimes, so by actual hard copies of magazines, or journals, academic journals. Sometimes I still read the hard copies. Hmm—those are the main ones I can think of. D: Yes, ma'am. So my question is, do you usually read academic journals or finding information through your laptop? Dr. A: Yeah, I would say, usually, I used—to use my laptop to do that. I'm searching, you know, through the library or various databases, but I still get some journals, the hard copy. And so I read them, you know, that way. D: �Yes ma’am, thank you. And so this is the last part of the interview. Dr. A: Okay, great. D: And in this final section, I would like you to reflect on your history with the device and the apps that you shared with me. So it going to be focusing on how you learn to use them. Dr. A: Ah, okay. D: It's a process of how you, you know, able to use the device that you are using. So, um, how did you start using digital technology? How your relationship with it has changed over time? Dr. A: Oh, it's changed a lot over time! So I guess the first time I ever used a computer was—when I was in college. And there was a little computer lab in the library—um—so this was before the time that anybody would have had a personal computer. I went to college with a—with a typewriter. And it—it actually gets—what’s called a word processor. So it had like, it could store maybe a couple of lines of text. But we had a computer lab in the library for the whole campus. And there were maybe, I don't know, 20 computers or something like that. So that was the first time that I ever used a computer. Occasionally, I'd have to go—I took a computer science class, so we'd have to go do stuff in the computer lab, or—I’m trying to think—once I got into college a little bit further and started learning statistics and various things like that, where I need to use computer programs. I didn't have one myself, but the psychology department started getting their own computers. And so I learned through classes that I took and things like that. So instead of just kind of having it and figuring it out, usually I was directly, which I think is how a lot of people learn now. D: (laughter). Dr. A: Um—a lot of the things that I learned when I first started using computers, you know, it's directly taught by professors, you know, here's how you do this. D: Yeah. Dr. A: And then you asked kind of how it's changed over time. I mean, it went dramatically from, you know, having like 20 computers on campus for the whole entire campus to—people have—by the time I got to graduate school, that was the first time I actually owned my own computer. And �so I had it, you know, in my apartment. And so that was a big change to actually own a computer. And then I didn't get a laptop until, maybe, gosh, my last year or so of graduate school. And that was a huge—ah—that was a big step to be able to, you know, carry it with me and have a computer that was portable. And then I mean, other technology. So my phone is the other device that I use regularly now, and I didn't have a phone until I was an adult (laughter). D: (laughter). Dr. A: They didn't really exist prior to that. D: That is something I could relate to because I didn't actually have my phone until I enter high school. Dr. A: Okay. D: It's because my mom started worried that you know, in high school, you have to do a lot of extracurricular activities. Dr. A: Yeah. D: And so she was like, well, you—we need communication somehow, and so that's the first time I get my phone. But before that, I don't have a phone going through school or laptop at all. Dr. A: Yeah. D: I just get my laptop and my phone as well when I entered high school. Dr. A: Uh huh. D: Ma’am, so from, you know, from the process of you learning how to use a computer, what do you find is the most complex and difficult for you to learn? Dr. A: Um, so I—ah—I don’t really know how to solve technology problems. �[Interruption] Dr. A: Okay. Um, yeah, so if something goes wrong, I don’t—I'm not very good at fixing it. So we have a fabulous IT department at Oxford. And so if something goes wrong, I call them immediately. So I'm not great at—that’s hard for me. I don’t—I don't really understand computers very well. So if something isn't working the way that it's supposed to be working, I'm not great at being able to figure out on my own how to fix it. D: Yes, ma'am. Like programs that you particularly find—okay, can you give me like some example of the programs that you particularly find difficult to use? Dr. A: Programs? Um, well, gosh, I'm trying to think (pause). I’m try to think of a specific kind of program (pause). There's some statistics programs that—that I use that I find challenging sometimes, but just the kind of everyday programs that I use. I can't think of any that I find particularly challenging. D: Oh, it's fine. Um—do you usually, can you—well, can you tell me how, or when you learn to complete or, you know, overcome, you know, difficulties that you have with, you know, your computer—your laptop? Dr. A: um, I would say I’m getting better at and well, computers, I think are getting a lot easier to figure out, and they're more intuitive, especially Macs. I feel like our—ah—kind of intuitive, and so I'm getting better at just sort of trying things. And instead of being afraid that like, “Oh no if I do something wrong, I'm going to break it or so?” But I would say I'm not over that fear completely. D: I could understand (laughter). Dr. A: (laughter). D: When I was downloading something, I’m making sure that “Will this break this computer? Will it go so slow that I can't do anything?” Dr. A: Right. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? �Dr. A: Um, let's see, I guess I wish I were a little bit savvier at using social media. So—um—ah—and I— I don't think it would be hard to do, I just have not taken the time to do it. So I'm not on Instagram, for example, or Twitter, not that I really want to be on Twitter. But uh, yeah. So I don't know. I just don't have experience with those. So kind of learning more about other types of social media might be helpful. D: Yes, ma'am. I’m also lack of—lack of experience. Dr. A: Yeah, D: Those things to like—I don’t usually, like I mentioned before, I like talking to people face to face and actually initiating meets up and stuff like that instead of using social media. So I'm not really a savvy user either. Dr. A: Yeah (laughter). D: So I could completely understand that. Um—so do you feel like you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? Can you tell me about how you are gauging that? Dr. A: Hmm. Um, yeah. So I think for the most part, I would say yes. Again, I think we're fortunate at Oxford that we have—we have a great IT part—department. And we also have a group of people who are really focused on academic technology. So they are constantly showing us, you know, new programs and new ways of using technology in our teaching. So I rely on them a lot to help me. And occasionally, I will go to them and say, “Hey, I want to do something like this, is there a way that I can do that?” So I tend to seek out help if there are things that I need help on. So as long as I am able to do that, then I would say yes, I— I feel okay about having that the skills that I need to, you know, to, to do what I need to do at work. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, for your personal contexts? Do you feel like you also have the necessary skills? Dr. A: Um, yes, and no. Now that my children are getting older, I will sometimes hand my phone to one of them and say, “Can you fix this for me?” or “Show me how this works?” So, I mean, yeah, I think—I think I'm doing okay. But there are certainly things that I don't know and don't understand (laughter). �D: Yes ma’am. Um—how would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Dr. A: Digitally literate? Um—well, I guess I would— I guess I think about that in terms of—sort of along the lines of what you were just asking—ah—of, you know, if you have a—have a question or something you want to do that uses digital or uses technology that you either know already how to do it, or know how to get the resources that—you access the resources that you need to be able to do that. Yeah, so I guess I would think about that it's digitally literate. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, how would you—would you consider yourself digitally literate? If so, how do you learn to be digitally literate? If not, why not? Would you still like to learn in order to be digitally literate? Dr. A: So I guess I would think of that more on a continuum. Um—so in—certainly in the ways that I feel like I need for my job, or even for the most part in my personal life, I would say that I'm digitally literate. But I also know that there are many, many, many, many things that I don't know how to do. And yeah, so I guess I think about it more as a continuum than kind of an either or digitally literate or illiterate. So I fully recognize that there's a lot more than I could learn, but—um—but I guess I feel like I have what I need, now. D: Yeah. That’s is really, like, I feel the same thing. Like there's a lot of people able to use this very complex program, and I won’t—I don't know how to use them. But I still feel like I know enough in order to facilitate what I'm trying to do. And so that would be something I consider to be digitally literate as well. So—um—is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there is there something I did not ask that I should have asked? Dr. A: I don't think so. If you and as you're writing your paper, if you have other questions, and you want to come back, feel free to do that, but I don't know if anything else to tell you. D: Okay, thank you very much! Dr. A: Sure! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dr. A (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 16 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Virginia, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1970-1975 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Professor Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 24 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 22 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Laptop Computer Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. MacBook Pro Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Psychology Professor About Her Evolving Experiences with Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #10 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an oral history interview with Dr. A, a Caucasian female, currently teaching at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of Dr. A. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so Dr. A drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple MacBook Pre-1980 Birthdate professor psychologist