2 10 16 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/b30e3072b68ddb3fb56100914bd20e08.pdf 6934569c6fd37577657303608d2c03c9 PDF Text Text Interview with a Chinese College Student About Her Experience with Apps Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #10 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 2018 Introduction The interviewee has been given the pseudonym initials of Destiny Ray*. She is originally from China and attends Oxford College of Emory University in the US. She is currently 18 years old and talks about his/her experience with digital technology. Pam Collins* is an Indian student at Oxford College of Emory University and is conducting this interview to learn more about the role of digital technology in our lives. The digital device used for this interview is an iPhone 6s. [*For confidentiality, pseudonyms have been used for both the interviewer and the interviewee.] Interview Transcript PC- Hello! DR- Hello! PC- Through this interview, I would like you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that you find very significant. So, this could be your cell phone, maybe your laptop or any other device that is really important to you. And if the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month. This could be calendar entries, text messages, phone calls really anything and I want you to talk to me about the people you interacted with, the places you've been, or the way you use social media and communication in technology. DR- Sure PC- Great! So, I just want to make it a point that you can decide what to comment on, what to ignore and you can decide when to share an example by showing it on your device. You should, preferably, only share examples that you are comfortable doing so and refrain from sharing any information about anything illegal or anything that could compromise the privacy of another person. So, try not to use names When referring to other people you could just, sort of, name them by their role rather than their name. For example- “my mother”, “my family”, “my co-worker” etc. So, before we begin, do you have any questions? DR- No PC- No? Okay! Um, tell me about your device and why you chose it. DR- Ah, I used my mobile phone because I bring it with me all the time. I need it to connect with my family and my friends and I also I like to Snapchat my friend to see whenever they're free, so we can go lunch and dinner together. �PC- Okay, that's great! So, you just mentioned like a bunch of activities that you like to do with your phone So could you just do me a favor and look to your device and see what records you have of the activities you are involved in just for this past month. This could be activities in the calendar app or in the to-do list invitation, events…. anything. DR- Ok, when I see through my photos it has the locations on it. Okay, and I saw I went to the Fall Retreat which is at the Athens Park in Georgia last week and last weekend we went to Conyers and had dinner and I also saw that we also went to the museum. PC- Okay! So of these activities, which one is the most significant to you? DR- Do you mean like apps? PC- Yes, like the main activities that you do on your apps. DR- I use WeChat most when I want to either chat or do video calls with my family and I will see Snapchat to connect with my friends here. And I also use Instagram to see what others posted and I also use my music app to listen to some music while I'm free or doing homework, you know? So, I like calendars to see my schedule, which places I'm going and that's basically it. PC- Great, so you use, like, a lot of apps! Do you notice any pattern activities the role of your device? DR- Because WeChat is a Chinese app so I connect with my most of my Chinese friends with it, and Snapchat I use it in my daily life for my friends here and also I see Instagram for my other friends which I do not really connect with so often. PC- Hmm, so you were talking to me about how you use WeChat if it's for your Chinese friends and Snapchat for US friends. Is that how you decide which mode of communication to choose over the other like based on friends or is there something that you would like to elaborate on that? DR- For example for my family and my friends in China, we talk with each other and we are in different time zones so probably use WeChat most often in the morning and at night. I Snapchat during the middle of the day because I can text my friends here. PC- So, are there any important interactions with people that are not reflected in the information in your device? DR- Mainly like the blogs. Just sometimes the blogs that I see the post of. But I don't know them, I just follow them. PC- Yeah, that's good! You were talking previously about you know the Photos app and the location services. So, could you just do me a favor and look to your device and see records of places that you went the past month. I don't know, but this could be maybe your Apple Maps, Photos app or any location app that you have on your phone. DR- I can see on Instagram when I post photos. I add the location and I can see when I visit the Emory college in Atlanta when I go for the World of Coca-Cola and I also can see the location when I went to the Fall Retreat. �PC- Okay! So you allow all these apps to, sort of, track your movement? Do you permit location services? DR- My permit for most of my apps. PC- And how did you make your choice? DR- For apps like video games on my phone, I normally do not permit those permission because I don't think it is necessary. But on social media, I have a chance to post my photos, I will permit and also for like Uber map and things that I have to, you know, share my location. PC- Okay! Those are like instances when you would use location services but how did you first learn to navigate your location? DR- I think I did it when I was using a map to see where I'm going. Back in the country, my parents think it is not safe to share your privacy or your phone information. Seldom I allowed these permissions but after the apps became so popular and so useful, I just get used to giving permissions to all these apps. PC- Hmm, for this section I'm interested in your social media posts, text photos, music videos, TV shows etc. It could also be anything you have created or distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media or news media/ so based on what you so see on your device, what programs do you use most often? DR- I like to sometimes play video games and also some YouTube where I used to watch some videos. And also use Amazon sometimes to see what I have to buy. PC- Okay, do you prefer one app or program? DR- Ya, of course. While using social media or chatting app I prefer WeChat over Snapchat because it has record of your conversation. Messenger is not popular used among my friends. PC- Great! Could you talk me a little bit about some of the ways or your strategy for storing your media? DR- Storing your media? PC- Ya, maybe pictures? Maybe apps? DR- Hmm. I just put a lot of pictures and post a lot of my moments on WeChat, Instagram, and also I post on blogs, I store music in my music apps. I also store those..like mails on my mailbox. That’s how I check my email. PC- Wow great! Thank you! In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device you have shared with me, focusing on, maybe, how you learned to use it in the way that you currently do. DR- Sure PC- So, how did you start to use digital technology? How is your relationship with it so far? Has anything changed over time? �DR- Uh, I think I start to use digital media, um, digital technology at a young age. Like when I was really young, like kindergarten or preschool, I watched TV with my family and I sometimes saw my parents using computers but at that time I don't really know like what are the functions of the computer is. PC- Hmm, of course DR- And when I go the primary school. Uh, elementary school, I started to use my computer but like, this is the very old laptop, like PC? PC- Okay DR- And, ya, it works really slow. And I only know how to play games on it, like those simple games. And I seldom used it as a search engine or, like, a social media account because at that time I had my own social media account, but I seldom used it. I hardly use it. And when I was in middle school, I started to use my mobile phone more often. I started to see those blogs and stay online with my friends through social media. I talk to them all the time. And in high school, I became the like the most important part of my daily life. PC- Um, you just told me a lot of activities right? What do you describe to be the most complex to learn? DR- I think it should be the social media part because there are so many different approaches to those apps like Instagram, Facebook you know? There are so many new information on it and you got to choose from all these different blogs, like which one you would like to follow. PC- Ya, you use this in the personal context? Or maybe it's more professional or academic? DR- I think it is more personal. PC- personal? Ok, great! Can you tell me how did you, or rather when did you complete learning these complex activities? DR- I think in middle school. PC- In middle school? Interesting. Are there any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? DR- Umm, I think I am presently satisfied with what I can do on my phone. PC- Okay! How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? DR- Literate? PC- Yes, so you feel like you have digital skills required to operate the job effectively in a personal context or academic context, right? So what do you think it means to be ‘digitally literate’? DR- He knows how to find the key to the question he wanted within a short amount of time. And also how we can connect with our friends. Ya, I think that’s it. PC- So, do you think you can do that? �DR- Yes, I can PC- So you consider yourself digitally literate? DR- Yes! PC- Okay, great! Is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there something I did not ask and should have asked? DR- I think that's it. PC- Alright! Thank you so much for your time! Have a good day! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Pam Collins (Pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Destiny Ray (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 5 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Jiangsu, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 1 year old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone 6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Chinese College Student About Their Experience with Apps and Other Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #10 - Post-1980 Birthdate The interviewee has been given the pseudonym initials of Destiny Ray*. She is originally from China and attends Oxford College of Emory University in the US. She is currently 18 years old and talks about his/her experience with digital technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese college student international student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/fea496ba59b7c51034d48963989a9d3d.pdf f927bbbf73699abe462ec2fd69c2aa98 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Millennial About Her Creative Use of Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #1 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her interviewee. The interviewee is born in 2000, in Chengdu, China, and currently studies in Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Lizzy Fang is also a student in Oxford College of Emory University. She is born in Beijing, China in 2000. The interview’s purpose is to record the interviewee’s journey about her technology use and to find the difference in digital technology usage between teenagers from different provinces in China. Transcript Lizzy Fang: Hi, in this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them like “a co-worker” or “a family member.” etc. Before we begin, do you have any questions? : No. LF: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? �: No. Here it is. LF: Oh, it is your cell phone. (Taking the picture). Okay, tell me why you choose this device please? : Because my cell phone is the digital device that I use the most. And I use it to communicate with other people and probably navigate places. And PC is like too heavy for me to bring to places, so I mainly choose to use my cell phone. LF: I see and okay, to start, I would like you to see at your device and see the records of the activities that you were involved with for the past month. So what apps or programs do you use to plan, coordinate for your activities. : So, I use guidebook, especially during the international student orientation and new students’ program. I like it because it can show me when I should attend the meeting and where I need to go. Also, it provides me the map of this college, so I can find the places I need to go. LF: Okay, so what patterns do you notice about these activities and the role your device play in them? : So, I usually just use this app when I was asked to do, because I do not navigate places when I am by myself. When other people tell me “okay, this app is going to help you to find places that you will have classes and meetings”, then I will go. In my free time, I will not use it at all. LF: Okay, hahaha, is there any information that are not reflected in your device? : Oh, yes. I usually use to do list and a calendar on my PC. Because when other people just send me an email and tell that something is due on Friday or something like that, I would just add it on my calendar and my to-do list on my PC. Because that is a way I use to separate my personal life and my academic life. �LF: Umm-hmm. Okay, so now I am going to ask you to see your device and tell me the records about the people that you are involved within the past month. For example, someone contact you, you contact someone or your phone calls. Oh, please remember to use their relationship names such as your parents instead of using their real names. : The app I use the most is WeChat to communicate with my parents. I think all Chinese students use this to communicate with each other. Also, I use messenger to communicate with foreigners or domestic students here. I also use snapchat to share some of…probably sadness and happiness, basically just what happened around me, to other people. LF: Ok, so I see. So, the pattern of your communication is like… : So, I usually just text other people when they text me. I basically just reply them or if I have some questions I would just ask them. But for like Skype and WeChat and things like video chat, I would use them with my parents when I have time, like once a week. LF: I see. Ok. So, are there any other important people interaction not mentioned? : (laughing) Probably no. I use my cell phone to communicate with people. LF: Okay. So now I am going to ask you to look through your device and see the records of the places you have been to last month. Something like navigating using google maps. : I have an app called iMuseum. I used it like last month to see the museum special displayed something and go there. LF: In Atlanta? : And I went to an oil painting displays. Oh, no, not in Georgia. It is a really famous show, but I have forgotten its name… LF: It is fine. This sounds cool. So, after this question I want to ask you about… you know are location services on your phone. Do you enable it for most of the time? �: I usually would just turn it off. Just when I use apps like Google maps which I need to use my location, I would turn it on. But for other apps like while I share pictures, like snapchat, I would just turn it off for securities. LF: Ok, so all there any apps that you use to check in places like hotels or some other… : Oh yes. I just use checkInn and Airbnb when traveling. LF: (laughing) Airbnb…yes. So what patterns do you notice in the places that you visit? : Ummm…I go to Walmart once a week. And sometimes during the weekend and when I have free time, I would go to the restaurants nearby with my friends. LF: Oh, I see. So, are there any information not mentioned? : (laughing) No. LF: (laughing) Ok, so in the last section, I am going to ask you about the media. So please describe the media you use on your cell phone that you yourself has distributed and put most of your time in, like… : So, I use a lot of TV programs apps…like Netflix and Bilibili (LF laughing) which is very famous in China. And I also use YouTube. For like social media I would use snapchat, twitter, and Weibo, which is like the same thing as twitter that we use in China. And I also use Facebook and Instagram. LF: Umm-hmm. So, can you give me some examples of the media that are especially significant for you? : Ummm. I generally use YouTube to see a lot of different types of videos, like new technology reviews. Like when Apple revealed the latest iPhone, I would search on YouTube to see other people’s reviews. And I also search for fan videos. I have my idols and their concerts are available on YouTube. �LF: Okay, so can you give me some examples of the media that you produce or alter in some way? : Ah, yes. I actually edited my own videos, but they are not on my phones but on my laptops. But when I finished editing I would just send it to my phone and see how it works and how it looks like on my phone. LF: Okay. Tell me about the strategies of storing your media. : So basically, I would just store it in my cell phone. But when there is no storage in my cell phone, I would just use my SD card. LF: Umm-hmm. Do you have any strategies to protect your privacy? : Yeah, I would just turn off my location service. And when I finish visiting a place, I would just leave that place and upload the pictures later just in case anybody can find me there. LF: Oh. : Yeah, there is a kind of time lag here. LF: Umm-hmm, get it. Are there any important media that are not reflected? Like reading newspapers, listening to videos and watching the television? : YES! I actually play video games. And I would edit videos by using Adobe… LF: On PC? : Yeah, on PC. LF: Oh, I get it. And this is the final section… (both people laughing) that I want you to reflect on the device and apps you have shared with me. Focusing on how you use them in the way you currently do. So, the first question is how do you start using digital technologies? �: Yeah, I actually received my first phone…Not like a smartphone but like a small phone like… LF: Nokia? : Yeah, Nokia! When I was seven, my mom bought me one. And I just used that kind of cell phone and it was just too small. I could not play well-made videos. But now I can play like a lot of well-designed with very good character designed video games. I download games on my smartphone. LF: It is like the technology? : Yeah, it is like totally upgrading. LF: And of all the technologies you mentioned, which one is the most complex to learn? : Umm, of all of these, I think it is the most difficult for me to read, like read papers or textbooks on my cell phone. I just find it very hard, very hard for me to concentrate. When I read paper materials I can just use my markers to highlight and write down some of my points, but on the phone, I just can’t do that. LF: Umm Hmm. And can you tell me any activities that you want you know how to do on your device, like your cell phone? : I just wish I can learn how to read effectively. Or just reading faster. LF: Ok, ok. Do you have any digital skills to use technology in a professional context? How so? : I actually can like edit videos on my cell phone, and I also know how to change pictures. I don’t know how to describe that, but it is like… LF: Making the photos look prettier? �: Oh yes. Making people look prettier and probably change the color of the photos or the backgrounds. LF: Okay, so next question. How would you describe someone how is digitally literate? : Umm… I think people who are described digital literate are those people who can communicate with other people efficiently using information on technology. And they can create their own communication information with other people. And they also have the skills to do so, that they are not forced to do it. LF: Yes, by themselves. : Right. LF: So, do you consider yourself digitally literate? : I think kind of. Because it is easy for me to text or email people, but still hard for me to read like long paper or reading materials on my cell phone. LF: How do you learn to be digitally literate? : Umm… Actually, I figure some parts by myself, especially for typing. When you spend enough time practicing typing, you will know which key is where. But for like reading part. My teachers have taught us how to read on the digital devices, but I still find it hard. Probably when I practice that skill many times, probably I can do it...? LF: Umm-hmm, I think so. So, are there any other thing you would like me to know, like we haven’t mentioned before? : (laughing) No. LF: Okay, thank you! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Manqing (Lizzy) Fang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 6 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese (Mandarin) Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 7 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity C++ Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung S9+ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Millennial About Her Creative Use of Technology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 23, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #1-Post-1980 Birthdate This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her interviewee. The interviewee is born in 2000, in Chengdu, China, and currently studies in Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Lizzy Fang is also a student in Oxford College of Emory University. She is born in Beijing, China in 2000. The interview’s purpose is to record the interviewee’s journey about her technology use and to find the difference in digital technology usage between teenagers from different provinces in China. Chinese college student international student post-1980 birthdate video editing https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/acbfa79eb01163d31b30ab4569dbb471.JPG c4aec1ec7193a772ff52de84f5f4fc66 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/1efd752d0e70bef95be0378496f6521b.pdf 088949489fe6de01744c6e40c9d055c3 PDF Text Text Interview with a Transgender Student About His Digital Experiences Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #9 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 21, 2018 Introduction The following is an oral interview with Aspen Nightingale1, a Caucasian, transgender man from Louisiana. He is 18 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. The interview was conducted by a Caucasian female from Florida, also a first-year at Emory’s Oxford campus. This project is intended to be an exploration of the past and present digital experiences of a research subject, by asking them to take the interviewer on a tour of a device of their choosing. Interview 00:00 Hello, Aspen, how are you? 00:04 Good. 00:05 Excellent. So, right as I'm about to begin this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you, and something that you use routinely, like your phone, your laptop, et cetera. So, if the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month, like calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, things of that nature. And, discuss with me the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. So, before we begin, I would also like to issue a quick disclaimer that you may decide what to comment on and what to ignore, depending on what makes you comfortable, and you can decide if you want to share an example with me by showing it to me. You should only share examples of what- of things that you feel comfortable sharing. And, also please don't share information about anything illegal- if you have anything incriminating on your device, I don't need to know about it, or information that would compromise the privacy of somebody else in your life who was unable to give consent for this interview. So, it would 1 Names have been changed. �2 be much pre- more preferable if you could refer to them as a coworker or a family member if you're referring about actual people. So, before you begin, do we have any questions? 01:34 Nope, I'm good. 01:36 Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? 01:39 Yes, you can take a picture. Interviewer fumbles to take a picture. 01:49 Thank you. 01:52 To start, I'd like to ask to look through your device, or, to have you look through your device, to see what records you have of the activities you were involved with during the last month or so. Places you could look for this would perhaps be a calendar app, a to do list, invitations to events, all that sort of stuff. So, my first question to you is- what apps or programs, if any, do you plan to- do you use, to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? 02:19 Ummm, so I have02:20 Oh wait, shoot, let's go back... let's backtrack a minute, I totally missed a question here. Tell me about why you chose this device? 02:28 Ummm, I picked this- I picked my phone because I do everything on it, and before I had a laptop, because I haven't had one for that long, it basically functioned as my computer, so if you wanna know- and my- I don't do anything but schoolwork on my laptop, so it's not gonna show up anything but schoolwork, so if you wanna know how I actually use technology, it would have to be on my phone. 02:50 Great. Now, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? �3 02:57 Ummm, my main one is Google Calendar and the Apple Calendar, except I kinda use them for separate things. Google Calendar is mainly for college, um, things, so if you look at it it's gonna be just, all my classes laid out and all my teachers' work hours, all the things I have to do related to college 03:20 Mhm 03:21 But if you go to my Apple Calendar, that's more like birthdays and anniversaries, or like, things that are happening outside of like, professional stuff, so that just keeps it so I know what's happening, and what's important, and what's mandatory. Ummm, I used to have a- a little notetaker, umm thing that would let you do like bullet-point notes, but I ended up deleting it because I would make a list and I'd never look at it again so it didn't matter if I made a list because it didn't remind me anything. Now I just stick sticky notes all over my room. 03:59 Whatever works, right? So, based on what you're looking at now, can you give me a little bit of information on your main activities? What you spend your life doing. 04:12 Umm, I mean, based on my calendar, you would think the only thing I did was collegeschoolwork. I have classes Monday through Friday, and I work Monday, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, and that's all on my calendar, and that's about it, so based on this, I do nothing but work. 04:35 Interviewer chuckles. But, sort of what patterns do you notice in these activities? Obviously, you just said school and work seem to be the majority, but deviating a little from the calendars that you use to sort of organize your school life and your professional life, I would call it, what do you, what do you do for fun, and sort of how is that reflected on your phone? 05:04 Ummm, I mean, things that I do for fun wouldn't be found on my calendar, because usually after I'm out of class, and about a couple- I mean, no, not a couple hours, about around 10:00 is when I'm done doing homework, and so that time spent either with my friends or doing stuff like that, but that's never on the calendar unless I'm planning like a very specific date with my friends for like, going to Pride, or going to a movie this day, so none of that would be reflected on my calendar, but umm, just hanging out with my friends or like, this weekend I'm going to Atlanta, none of that would be on my calendar. �4 05:45 Okay. And, I believe by answering that, you sort of covered that other question of 'what important activities are not reflected in the information on your device?', your social life, from what I'm gathering. Great. 05:58 So, next I'm going to ask you to look through your device a little bit more, and see if you have any sort of trail of the people you were involved with the last month, so, records of people you contacted or who contacted you, phone records, texts, emails, social media interactions, Skype and FaceTime calls, ummm, I'm going to remind you one more time to use roles or relationship names rather than people's proper names for this step. 06:27 So, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate in these ways? 06:32 Umm, so kinda depends on who I'm talking to, but my main communication is gonna happen on Snapchat, that's where you're gonna find, well, I mean, you aren't gonna find much 'cause it deletes everything, but that's where you're gonna see most of the record of who I'm talking to. If you want an actual paper trail, it would be in my text messages, because I hardly delete them, 'cause I don't use them that much. And then, I also use Instagram a lot to keep up with group chats and friends, and so those are probably my main ones, in the past month I might've used Facebook Messenger, but just not gonna be very often, so there probably won't be much there... and then my emails, I use, ummm, daily, I check my emails daily, and I end up sending emails daily, so those are really popular for professional communications. 07:25 Cool. Ummm, so what sort of patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it? Ummm, so, for that sort of question, I'm sort of asking: do you see anything noticeable that helps you decide which modes of communication you prefer to use over another, or ummm, what really sticks out for you in terms of, ummm, sort of a trail, per se? 08:02 Ummm, I mean, if you look at it, if someone's my age, I'm not gonna have, like, text message from them, it's gonna be on Snapchat, so anyone that, so overall my age I'm gonna use Snapchat for, unless it's something like, I need an immediate response on, then you'll see, like, a text of, 'quick, like, I need your response right now', or I'll call them. But, �5 unless it's something important, most of my communication's gonna be on Snapchat, unless it's like, family, I talk to my family on text, or, like, old who's in there I'll text message or email. And then, Instagram is not mostly conversations, it's just pictures or things we've seen on Instagram, so there's not many conversations, but it's only kids, only people that are my age, so I don't really talk to adults on Instagram either. 09:01 Mhm. Ummm, and then what important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device, is there anything that we've left out? 09:11 Ummm, I mean I would say you wouldn't be able to find, like, me and my friends hanging out on it, but I mean, you wouldn't be able to find it with them on, but within 24 hours, you would be able to see it if you saw it on my Snapchat, because I put things on my story a lot, or, so most of my interactions are through my device, especially now that I'm away from home, 'cause it used to be that, like any interaction with my family wouldn't be on my phone, 'cause I don't put that on my phone, but now that I'm not with them, any interaction with them is gonna be through my calls or through my text messages. Yeah, I don't think that there's anything really about communication that's not reflected here. 09:55 Great! So, now I'm going to ask you to look through your device once again, and see what sort of records you have of the places you've been during the past month. So, records of places on your calendar, Google Maps, location services if you happen to have it enabled, and sort of things like that, ummm, so what apps or programs, if any, have these sorts of records? 10:20 Ummm, well my location services stays off, so not many do, I think the only app that has access to my location is Snapchat, and that's because to make filters work you have to, ummm, but I mean if you go to my Snapchat a lot of times there'll- my- so- you have access to Snap Maps now, where you can look at where everyone's at, mine is turned off so you won't be able to see where- where anyone decides won't be able to see, but a lot of times they'll tag the pictures you take with the thing, so if you go to my pictures you can see 'taken at Oxford, GA', 'taken in Covington, GA', 'taken in Atlanta', or like, last night there was pictures of me and my friends at Olive Garden, so that's a, ummm, that's a tag for where I'm at geologically, ummm, there's not many things that are allowed to keep track of my location, so other than Snapchat, nothing else will have records. I think sometimes photos in Apple will tag your photos where they were taken, if you click on it maybe, I don't know, sometimes they keep track of where you take it places, let's see. Umm, I have 290 photos that- alright, never mind, I have 10 photos that were taken in Disney World, 280 in Louisiana, 8 in New York, I took way more in New York, so that's not right, ummm, but you �6 can get kind of a preview of where I've been, or where I've taken pictures, and that's about it. 11:59 Cool. Ummm, let's see here, ummm, do you use any apps or programs to check into places? 12:12 Ummm, I have a Chick-Fil-A app, and I check into that when I go to Chick-Fil-A, I get, ummm, coupons, I have a MoviePass app which requires you to check in when you get there, it, ummm, says, like, 'you're here', or whatever, and you have to click it to check in and get your ticket. Uhhhh, I have a parking app that gets you parking spots in cities for pretty cheap called SpotHere, so I have to check in when I'm in that place, and that's about it. 12:45 Excellent. So, how did you first learn to navigate new locations, such as reading maps, memorizing landmarks, I know that's a bit of a break from the technology side of things, but if you could give me a quick answer on that, that would be great. 13:05 I mean, in, like, second grade, I think my school introduced how to read a map? I never used that information in my life, but they taught 'ya how to read one. But I mean, by the time I needed to navigate anywhere new, I had a cell phone that had smart capabilities so usually I would just Google a route and l would just look along briefly, just to see what I had to do beforehand, and then just follow it, til then with Siri's help. 13:33 And, is there anything that we have not discussed yet, places or navigational practices that we've not really touched on yet? 13:41 Mmmm, I don't think so. 13:44 Great. So, in this last section, I'm going to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the last month, so this is going to be a pretty big section, because it incorporates social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, games, all the entertainment that you would interact with on your phone. �7 So, based on what you see on your device, what apps or programs do you use the most to access or produce media? 14:13 Uhh, I mean, let's see, give me a second, where is the battery section, that'll tell you. Wait 'til it loads. Well, according to my battery, in the last seven days, Snapchat is used the most amount of battery, then Tumblr, then Pandora, then Instagram, then Safari, YouTube, and all these background things, like calling people or whatever. But, in the past seven days, those are the majority of my battery and that's pretty accurate to my month. 14:53 Mhm. And, why do you prefer one app or program over another? 14:59 Umm, I use Snapchat the most because that's what I use to keep in track with my partner in Louisiana, and all my friends back in Louisiana, um, so that's my connection back to my friends in Louisiana, um, I use Tumblr probably next second, just because if I'm bored, it has the most amount of data to scroll through endlessly- and it never ends. Ummm, hmmm, Instagram and Pandora, I mean, Pandora was used because I've been working this week, and so I- umm, a lot of my work in umm, my job, you do it alone, so you can play music and stuff, because it's a lot of umm, individual work. And then, Instagram's probably the next one, because after Tumblr, that's the best one to waste time on, ummm, my YouTube used to be a lot higher, if you looked at it before I came to college, it probably would've been second or first on the list, but now, if I have free time, I- I'm not gonna be able to look on YouTube because one of my friends is probably in my room, and being a bother, so I don't have time to get on YouTube anymore, or Netflix, would've been a lot higher, if you looked at it before I came to college. 16:18 Interesting. So, do you have any media that's especially significant to you, or have we already sort of touched on that with your love of Snapchat, and Tumblr, and16:29 I mean, YouTube and Tumblr were kinda the place that ummm, are kinda the biggest platforms for the queer community, so, like outside of being able to talk to people like I already knew YouTube and Tumblr were the place that gave me access to people I- I didn't know already, and that had, ummm, either related to me over like, things we could talk about, like shows we watched, you can find a lot of stuff like that on Tumblr and YouTube, �8 or they shared some of the same identities, like being queer, ummm, so those two platforms were very big in getting into the queer community for me. 17:10 That's a very special thing. Ummm, so, can you give me some examples of media that you've produced and altered in some way? Do you make any films, do you do anything like that? 17:24 Ummm, no, ummm, I'm usually not a creator, that much, I just like to use it, ummm, on Instagram you can find pictures I've drawn, but I don't draw digital- digitally yet, even though I'm thinking about getting into that, but you can find, like, drawings I've made, and posted, or, ummm, that Instagram's probably where I post the most, even though I haven't posted in awhile, so, it's the only place I'm really a creator on. 17:54 Cool. So, tell me your strategy for storing your media? How do you go about that? 18:03 Ummmm, well, every couple weeks I'll go through my photos and delete all the stuff that's not pictures of, like, me and my friends, and then, like, screenshots of books or something that I don't need anymore, so I'll clear that out like once a month, and that'll save up a lot of space, uh, I don't keep music, really, on my phone, I only have like two albums downloaded onto my phone, and I bought those awhile back, ummm, uhhh, most of my apps, I don't, like, group my apps into things, like some people, so they kinda just stay where I put them, ummmm, other than that, uh, I clear out my Safari very often, and my text messages, I'll go through and clear out like once a week, just to keep everything organized. I delete irrelevant emails immediately, and then I usually don't go back and clean out my emails, I'll save everything that I think is important. 19:03 Cool. Ummm, and how about sharing media? How do you share your media with others, if at all? 19:11 If I share media with someone it's gonna be on Instagram, usually, you can forward a post to someone else through there, ummm, sometimes you can take screenshots of posts and send them to my friends, though not very often, but every once in awhile I'll do that. That's about it. �9 19:28 And, how about protecting your privacy with media usage? Is there any specific way that you do that? 19:34 Uhh, I mean, it depends on the platform, on Snapchat I only allow people that I know to follow me, so my Snapchat is ummm, I'm not sure if it's private, but like, you can't follow me without permission, so only people I know follow my Snapchat. On Instagram, my account's private, and I let people I don't know follow it, but I also, like, I go through and make sure what they are and who they are before they follow me on my Instagram, which is private, because it has my actual name on it. Ummm, my Tumblr, I don't have any safety precautions on it, because it doesn't have my name, or any pictures, or anything personal, it's just whatever I've reblogged, I've never actually put any content on it. So, it just depends on what I'm on. YouTube, that has my name, but I don't make videos, and I'm pretty sure my account's private, so that keeps it, ummm, protected. 20:29 And, is there anything that has not been reflected thus far in this section? 20:37 Oh, I did forget, I have a, ummm, I have an app called DashLane that stores all of your passwords and stuff behind a lock, like, behind a master code, so that stores all of my passwords, and keeps them in one spot, behind a, umm, behind a lock, kind of, so that keeps them safe. 20:58 Ummm, and apparently, that 'final section' was not the final section, so we have one more to go. So, in this section, I would like you to reflect on your history with the device, and the apps that you've shared with me, focusing how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. So, I'm just going to ask this first overarching question and see if we can cut down on the amount of explaining we have to do for the rest of these, but- how did you start using digital technology, and sort of how was your relationship changed? 21:35 Ummm, I mean, I think that at like, eight or nine, my grandparents got a really old desktop, and brought it inside, erm, 'cause they have an accounting business, and so they got one of the old ones that they couldn't use it anymore, gave it to us kids, but it didn't have access to the internet or anything, it just had like two games on it, ummm, pool and solitaire, probably, I think those are the two games, so that was kinda my first time using anything that hadthat could've used internet, even though it didn't have internet....ummm, and then maybe, twelve, was when I first got my first mobile phone, that's also about the time I opened a �10 Facebook, which was like my first social media, and even though that went away pretty quickly, I only used Facebook for like a year at the most, ummm, that was kinda my first pinpoint with social media, ummm, and then I didn't really do much in between being twelve and fourteen, but, um, when I was fourteen I opened an Instagram, a Tumblr, and some other accounts, like a Netflix, a Hulu, YouTube, I opened basically all my, um, social medias around the time I was fourteen, I didn't open a Snapchat until I was, like, sixteen, or something, I didn't use that very often. And, so that was kinda where everything started, ummm, I used to use them less, because, um, when I was younger, most of my friends went to my school, and I saw them daily, so I didn't need to use my phone that often, I didn't need a social media. By the time I started high school I had some online friends, I had some friends that I saw at school, but I also started to have the freedom to go outside the school with my friends, so having a social media was the way to plan those things, or having text message was the way to plan outside events, so I've started using it more, the older I've gotten. 23:37 Interesting. So, of the activities you've described, which were the most complex for you to learn, if any at all? 23:52 I mean, none of the apps, the apps are set up to be very self-explanatory, 'cause they're meant for you to use them, they weren't made to be complicated, um, I mean I guess, getting used to using Google Calendar and some of the other organizational apps took effort, not because the actual apps are, ummm, difficult, but because I needed to get into the habit of them, but I think, I don't think any of the other ones showed any problems. 24:23 Okay. And, can you tell me about activities that you wished you knew how to complete with your device? Is there anything with your device that you don't know how to do that you wish you knew how to do? 24:41 Ummm, with the iPhones, not really, you don't really have much of a- they aren't- like Samsungs are built like mini-computers, so you can do a lot of things on them, that, like, if you know how to use it, you can like, hack- do all kinds of stuff sometimes, but Apples are meant to be very user-friendly and very simple, there's nothing on my iPhone that I need to do, or that I've ever needed to do that I can't do. 25:09 And, building on that question, do you feel you have the skills necessary digitally to operate effectively in a professional context? �11 25:19 Umm, yeah, I had to- in high school, I had to take an IBCE course, and learn how to type correctly, learn how to use, um, Excel, Microsoft, all the Microsoft programs, basically I'm certified in them, umm, I know how to manage my emails and how to basically do anything you'd need to do for a job, unless I got a job programming, but I don't know anything about programming, so I doubt that would happen. 25:55 Okay, and how would you describe somebody who is 'digitally literate'? 26:03 Umm, someone who is 'digitally literate', ummm, can both understand the apps they already use, and be able to quickly catch on to a new app, or a new system, if it's set up within a similar way. 26:21 And, would you consider yourself digitally literate, by that definition? 26:26 Yes. 26:29 And, how did you learn to be digitally literate, or ummm, yeah, please just elaborate on that a little bit more. 26:40 Umm, I mean, it was mostly just trial and error, getting your first iPhone or getting your first computer, and just going around and clicking everything, until you knew where everything was at, and then after, I mean, after you have that first phone, or first computer or laptop, most systems are set up in basically the same ways, like, every laptop is going to have a settings button, and all settings buttons are gonna include basically the same design. Just like, it may look different or be in a slightly different position, and like, the internet's always gonna be kind of in the same spot, like, everything's gonna be set up in the same way, you just have to find, like, the similarities, because most systems aren't that different. 27:22 And, is there, and finally, is there anything else that you would like me to know? 27:28 Um, no, I think we covered all the bases, basically, �12 27:33 Well, in that case, thank you very much for the informative interview, Mr. Nightingale, it was lovely to get to know you and your device. 27:41 Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Aspen Nightingale (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 12 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Covington, LA, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male/Non-Binary Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity White Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 8 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview K (pseudonym) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Transgender Student About His Digital Experiences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 21, 2018 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Description An account of the resource Interview #9 - Post-1980 Birthdate The following is an oral interview with Aspen Nightingale1, a Caucasian, transgender man from Louisiana. He is 18 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. The interview was conducted by a Caucasian female from Florida, also a first-year at Emory’s Oxford campus. This project is intended to be an exploration of the past and present digital experiences of a research subject, by asking them to take the interviewer on a tour of a device of their choosing. Apple college student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/15a4d6ff52a4394e93d66e8b376e6a23.jpg 347a41f4809e200666649843f3f37000 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/9814bd9ca422f297132f4d94bfdfe382.jpg eb2aa79b87564a0d3f844137033e7276 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/d93dbf11738a75b05f0462791bc23cf7.pdf 2259c455add000351da94c4586a27223 PDF Text Text “Not Only Are My Devices What They Are When They Were Given to Me, But Now They’re Like What I Want Them to Be” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #13 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 24, 2018 Introduction The following pages consist of an oral history interview between the interviewer, Megan Yang (denoted MY), and her subject, Kyle Scar* (denoted KS). This interview was conducted on Monday, September 24th, 2018 around 11:30am in study room 207 of the Oxford College Library. Kyle Scar is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was originally born in Germany, but has most recently lived in Newport, Massachusetts. He first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 5, personally owned one at age 8, and is now able to code in Swift (Xcode) – a programming language. For this interview, Kyle chose to talk about the general family of Apple products (e.g. MacBook, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch). Megan Yang is also an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in the same generation as herself in order to grasp a bigger picture understanding of “digital natives” and digital literacies. _____________________________________________________________________________________ MY: Hi Kyle*, how are you doing on this fine Georgia foggy day? KS: Good. How are you? It's foggy? MY: Yeah, I thought I saw some clouds outside. KS: Oh I thought it was pretty sunny MY: In this interview I will ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use frequently, like your phone, laptop, gaming system, or other device. If the device enables it, I would like to you review a record of your activities from the past month, such as note entries, phone calls, texts, emails, websites, and social media interactions. And talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the way you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on, or you can decide when to share an example by showing me something on the device. You should only sharae an example when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share anything illegal or any information that would compromise the privacy of another �person and please don’t mention names of other people. When referring to other people, please use their role rather than actual name. For example, coworker/family member/friend. KS: So you want the tea, got it chuckle MY: Before we begin, do you have any questions? (KS: Shakes head no) Do you mind if I take a picture of your devices? (KS: No) KS: Oh, wait, was I supposed to bring all the stuff I was going to talk about? (MY: I think it's better to just focus on one, just reference the others in your responses) MY: Just use the phone (KS: Sure why not, so there’s more substance to this) I’m gonna include the Apple logo [in my picture] (KS: Oh my gosh! That's so extra) MY: Tell me about why you chose these devices. KS: It’s only because I use them currently; I used to use PC and you know like flip phones but obviously those old devices [are] not suitable for society nowadays So I switch to these guys they're more interconnected with other people MY: So why do you think the things in the past are incompatible with today’s society? KS: Through our advancements in technology we have...our methods of communication are dependent on basically a higher standard of digital technology...so like a couple years ago when I had my “flip phone” it was like you have to click, you know, whatever number this many amount of times, type in a letter and whatever, you couldn’t access the web or any of that, so now you have a smartphone that can do all of that you can text easier with a keyboard you can access Facebook email basically all that people use nowadays to communicate so like we were talking earlier about the Goldman Sachs person coming in and I had no idea because I don't check Facebook if I had my older phone it barely be a possibility, because I would need a laptop or desktop to open Facebook and check it. But now I can just do it on my phone communication devices are almost required if you hadn't told me about that, then like, I would never know MY: I relate to this talk about the flip phone cuz I had a pink Motorola and it was like “uhhhh this is so hard” KS: It cost money to text, unlimited plans were not heard of...with a laptop the only reason I use a MacBook is because the Apple company is like a freaking genius they basically pull you in and make you unable to use any other devices; with my MacBook I can sync up to my phone, Apple Watch, iPad and all your devices are connected. It's all about connecting MY: That's an interesting angle I didn't think about that before. Okay so that was the introduction, now we're going to move into the specific parts. I want you to talk to me about the activities you do on your phone. Do you have any apps or programs that you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? �KS: Yes, as of recently I use Microsoft Outlook, which is what Emory provides us. I use emails for communications, calendar for, you know, calendar chuckle and yeah that's to keep track of my stuff. I also use the text messaging app because I yell at my friends to remind me to do things and they either call or text me so I guess that's also a way of keeping track of things; or I text myself which you could not have done with a flip phone. MY: So based on what you do on your device and what you see on your apps what are your main activities and of those, which are most significant to you personally? KS: Well...um, I'm going to actually check what activities I do chuckle chuckle I don’t go on Snapchat at all, which is so weird. I think I probably use YouTube the most MY: I didn’t actually start using YouTube until quite recently. Now I just watch a bunch of videos and comment like everywhere. Before I didn't even use it at all, I felt that when I was in middle school everybody else around me was really active on listening to music, watching TV shows, and I didn’t know any of this stuff. KS: Just kidding, it's Messenger and Messages which I think will be the same on my laptop unless you count Google Chrome as an app. You text people, you do your homework with Microsoft Word or any Word Processor and so for the phone with the interconnectedness them I use it for connecting with people my social media apps are definitely on the top MY: Yeah same KS: For my laptop I would say like I would use it for mostly school and other personal endeavors *hahaha* So I basically just use Google Chrome and essentially for school stuff, it’s either to write an essay or search up pictures of cute dogs...I don't like dogs...bunnies MY: Baby animals are so cute all the time KS: Oh and Pokemon, you know how I sent those to the chat? MY: Yeah. What patterns do you notice and what you do on your devices and the role your device plays in them? KS: So [on] my phone, I actually have an app that tracks exactly what I do for exactly how much time. I spend a good portion of my time on the lock screen and home screen just staring at it, because I forgot what I needed to do. So I just kind of...that's what I do generally. I open my phone, “ooh it’s turned on”, “let me just unlock it”, but I have nothing to do and then I close it again. MY: Can I check out the app you're talking about? I feel like I should get it too. KS: I’ve been using it for awhile. �MY: Do you create your own categories or does it create categories for you? KS: It does like apps and stuff, I forgot how to do it, but basically this is over the course of August 21 (one day). So I picked up my phone 34 times, screen time is 3 hours and 32 minutes, so each time I picked up here and picked up picked up… MY: Exact times...woah technology! KS: I know right? Interconnectedness. (MY: Oh my gosh, right!) and then um I have a coach which helps you stop using your phone. Specifics somewhere, which tells you like you spent an hour on screen, two minutes in a messaging app. (MY: What’s [the app] called?) Moment. (MY: I’m gonna download that later, like for real) KS: Wait are you international? MY: Well I’m a domestic student, kind of ish. (KS: So you have an adapter) I lived in China for 12 years (KS: I didn't know that) MY: What important activities are not reflected in your digital devices? KS: I guess honestly nothing. I think if you were able to take my devices you will be able to find literally everything that I do, you know you can infer it from certain activities that you do. For example like if I text someone to meet up at Lil's then you'll know for the next 30 minutes when I’m not on my phone I'll be eating with friends. And then like... And then if there's just like a few hours at night when I'm not on my phone I'm sleeping. It's like I think that device literally if you spend enough time you can figure out exactly what I do ever since I got it. MY: It’s all about intuition (KS: But also like technology) MY: So this next section I'm going to ask you about the people you interact with through your devices. So are there any apps or programs you use to communicate people? KS: So my laptop and my phone are both synced up with my Apple Watch I have no battery, oh I love that. (MY: What a first world problem!) Do you mind if I borrow your charger? (MY: That's completely fine.) Interconnection. Exactly. We can all use each other's things because we have the same device but Apple freaking changes the USB jack every single day and they just came out with three new iPhones XS, XR, XS plus or something. KS: Like everything is interconnected in my reminders, which I’m totally putting off (MY: Yeah I have those too) It's so nice your life is basically streamlined like if I go to messages off right I'm texting someone... “I’m in an interview demonstration please ignore”. On my computer it'll show the time on my messages on my phone. And so like once I go off it disappears from my laptop. I just kind of use that app so I just kind of have to duplicate apps on both of them to sync what's going on. please Outlook messenger and whatever forms are online that I happen to be using canvas and any music apps share �playlist use Spotify I use apple music. I’m just constantly sharing data with people. Especially because in my messages app I can share my location with people (MY: GPS!) Tell me about it MY: What patterns do you notice in your communications with others using your devices? KS: One of the patterns I noticed is that I never communicate. You'll notice that you can see that I have a lot of messages. I don't read the messages...I don't bother to check messages because it doesn't go into my head. Like it's just like I don't understand the necessary need to be constantly texting. (MY: Yeah, yeah) I'm going to do it like...I will only text so that I can see the person in-person. MY: Yeah I don't want to text either I just like to read all my notifications, so you’ll see on my phone that I have no red bubbles on my apps KS: I hate the red bubble so much...it makes it feel like something's hanging over my head. I don't know what these messages are you know…(MY: They could be junk messages for all we know) or my mom is in the hospital, you never know. It kind of bothers me a lot but also… MY: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? Do you use particular modes of communication for certain situations or people? KS: I prefer to use call, only because I'm a musician I guess and I'm like I used to be into music quite a lot and I was born where there was a lot of music. I'm like halfway dependent on the same with my ears (MY: So, audio input) like my audio input like the sounds gets stuck in a chronological loop of my head. But I don’t understand really like language you know, like if you say “Hi, my name is Megan” it'll take me awhile to understand that because I don't understand words...like the words don't make sense to me but because of my musical background I'm more heavily dependent on tone, so it’s much harder for me to communicate over text. I mean text isn’t that bad because I’m reading it and not hearing it, but if someone were to give me a monotone voice, like not Siri but you know like a text-to-speech kind of thing and is kind of just like reading to me, I have so much trouble understanding those types of things. I cannot communicate with someone who speaks like that. (MY: Like reading these questions on a piece of paper....) That's why in classrooms I have so much trouble understanding when teachers read questions off of a paper, because your voice goes monotone and it's hard for me to understand. I prefer to talk over phone, but if it's a super short thing I'll text. Otherwise I'll be like stop texting me because I don't want to talk to you! MY: What important actions with people are not reflected in your device? KS: Well...sexual relations. Especially if it's like not an ongoing relationship, but stuff like a one-night stand usually happens out of the blue. Any strangers I meet, like I never get like a missed connection kind of deal. Those connections you don't follow up and I guess like...no my teachers are on my phone. (MY: I don't know, I didn't think of it that way) It’s the people that are unimportant just never make it to the phone, which I guess makes sense. MY: Now that we're done talking about people let's talk about places. So now look through your device and see what records you have of the places you have visited during the past month. You can have Google �Maps, Location Services or like Foursquare. (MY: I don't use Foursquare) I have no idea what Foursquare is. MY: So what apps or programs if any, do you have of place recording? KS: So I have messages which tells me that place is just because you know where we talk about plans (MY: Exactly) I have my Snapchat, right, which has the filter and I save it. Instagram saves my location whenever I post and I have Photos which saves your location as well. And I have I guess just whatever app is using my location services right now. MY: With these location tracking services, how did you decide which ones can use your location and which ones don’t? KS: Oh I think it's basically more of like a biased intuition...um…if in the past some unfortunate thing has happened either to me or someone I’ve heard of, um, based on one app or whatever, I probably won’t let them read my location. Generally I don't really care where people know where I am, I mean like I have nothing to hide, you know. (MY: We’re all good kids here) Like I'm not going to cheat on anyone chuckle MY: Do you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations, or check into places like maybe you're trying to find something find a restaurant nearby? KS: I just have Google Maps, Waze, my laptop, and Find My iPhone because I lose my phone all the time. That's about it, oh, Outlook can tell me where I go. My messages also help me discover new places because that’s where I plan things. Messages basically controls my entire life. MY: Sounds like that; there's like 2000 red bubbles on top. So what patterns do you notice in the places you visit? KS: They're very introverted places, I guess, because I'm an introvert. They’re usually pretty introverted, like the library, a nice restaurant, like some low-key amusement park or something where I don't have to directly deal with a lot of people. You know it's fine...I mean it's not that okay, but it's kind of fine if are people just around me and I don’t have to interact with a lot of them at once. But places like a club, that would not be somewhere that would be reflected on my phone because there’s too many people, too many noises. Concerts, clubs, you know… (MY: I go to concerts but no clubs) MY: How did you first learn to navigate locations using these apps or traditionally using a physical map or landmarks? KS: Oh, so this is interesting! I did use a physical map at one point, and I did not have Google Maps on my phone at one point. I remember the first time I got an Apple device, I could write anything with the touch screen, anything with those capabilities. Because I was so young it was so much more intuitive than I had imagined it to be. I guess not because I was young, but because I was exposed before because I was kinda late in the whole device-getting thing; everyone had iPads and when I got one I was just like I know how to use it! The first time using Maps I had no clue what the frick was going on, right? Like there is a �bubble in the middle and I was like that must be me. It reminded me of when you go to the mall and you see the ‘you are here’ sign and nobody tells you that the dot is you. It's kind of like...I'm going to assume that's me because you walk around and the blue follows. I don't know I'm just kind of like....All apps have like the same kind of layout. Menu, drop-down, search button, and all that stuff; so once I got used to one app all my apps kind of kind of came with me. Google Maps was one of the later ones, so all I had to figure out was ‘I’m that blue dot’. MY: Alright so now we’re gonna talk about media. Like that’s so important. chuckle chuckle So what records do you have of the media you used in the last month? We’re interested in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games, that you have watched, listened to, played, or that you yourself have created or distributed. These could be social media entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. You might have records, browser history, Google searches, Netflix, YouTube, social media. KS: Okay let's go to my history. MY: Okay, so based on what you see on your device, what apps or programs do you use most frequently to access or produce social media? And then what types of media do you create? KS: For the social apps, I use Messages, phone calling, FaceTime, Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, and Facebook Messenger app as well as Outlook and Canvas. Those are my most used ones. MY: Do you create media like music with GarageBand? KS: I never got to the GarageBand phase...I usually just wrote the songs on a sheet of paper, on sheet music. Yeah I guess I create media...you'll see my search history, I was looking at pictures of Pokemon like Ninetales, Deoxys, and Milotic and it was more Sarah* because I have no idea what the names of these Pokemon were. I took a picture of them with my phone on my laptop, you know. I created a little meme chuckle chuckle Yeah like I produce media all the time because everytime I type something, every time I take a picture of something, every time I meme-ify something. MY: Yeah, memes are basically the backbone of culture these days. (KS: For real though) They’re the way we transmit culture. [interviewee took a bathroom break, transcript continued...] MY: So we’re restarting the recording because Kyle* took a bathroom break. Ok, so for the media questions, I was looking through and I don't think we need to ask all of them. Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy in regards to your media usage. KS: I mean I just don't share what I don't want to share. Generally I have no privacy. MY: I think there's a future in Snapchat called ‘my eyes only’ that you know you can like set a password and put stuff there that I guess isn’t for public eyes. I forgot my password so I can't go back anymore. I'm �so sad and I remember it was my last phone password, but I don't remember my last phone password because I got a new phone. KS: There’s a similar thing where it can lock access to one of your apps. If someone goes on one of your apps in your phone and they’re trying to get into the Messages app. The settings allow you to require a password before getting in. I did that for a couple of my apps. We need a password manager thing; those things are so sketchy because once you know one password, it leads to all of your passwords, you know what I mean? (MY: Like one key) MY: What important media information are not reflected in your device? You might read newspapers, magazines, listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies, play video games. KS: I guess like going to the movies. But that's still something that I plan on my device so I guess I mean that's still doesn’t count. I don't think anything is not reflected. (MY: We're basically controlled by technology now, is that what you're saying?) chuckle chuckle MY: Of the apps and programs you told me about, are any of them especially significant for you? KS: I guess just Messages, yeah. (MY: Because you use it the most frequently, yeah) MY: Now we're going to move on to the digital literacy questions, which is basically how you know how to use technology and like how do you see yourself as proficient in doing technology-related things. How did you start using digital technology, and how has your relationship with it changed over time? KS: Okay, so I got a Mac and a phone after using PC devices and Android-based whatever (not really) just the regular flip phone stuff. It was just like multiple, like learning points. One when I first got my iPad, so I had to learn general iOS and that took a while, but then I got my iPhone right? And then because there are differences between iPads and iPhones obviously, to have so many more features on the phone. And then I also had to get used to everything since they’re all on the cloud server and then I got my Mac, Apple Watch and they all start connecting everywhere and I was like, oh my gosh, do I need all of these devices? They're busy doing the same thing and also interconnected. This past year, I learned how to code in Swift programming; so now it's like not only are my devices what they are when they were given to me, but now they’re like what I want them to be. You know if I want, I can change whatever feature I want. I can just going into the code, like, and figure out what's going on. I used my knowledge. Took a lot of time, but I figured it out (MY: Coding is scary). Now my devices are my child, I can mold [them] into whatever I want. MY: You used to consume technology, now you help create it. MY: Of the activities you’ve described so far, which is the most complicated to learn and what makes them so complex? �KS: I think programming because it’s the heart of the device. Literally, if you learn programming, that’s you learning everything there is to learn about the device. So in a way, you can’t get any harder than that. (MY: Yeah, yeah). MY: What contexts do you use coding for? KS: Giving myself things I don’t deserve (MY: Yeah, totally wouldn’t want to do that) MY: We have to write a transcript. KS: You have to type all of this up? Shizz...I should’ve made my answers shorter, I’m sorry. (MY: That’s okay, you still have a few more chances to give shorter answers) MY: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you could complete with your device, and why? KS: Like some capability my device already has, or if I could add something to my device? (MY: Like whatever you think that question means) KS: It would be great if the devices had movies in 4d, but not actual 4d because that would be insane, but like movie 4d, you know, like senses; touch, feel, smell, taste. Like if I could lick my device if someone sent me a lollipop, like that would be kinda great. (MY: Maybe in 20 years or something) but I also don’t want to smell a fart. If someone sent me a fart, I’d be like what? (MY: So that’s more like we need technology to advance even more) MY: Do you feel you have the digital skills you need to operate effectively in a professional context? KS: Oh yeah, definitely, because I worked at a, uh, startup company this past summer as a financial manager. Like I didn’t use a Mac, but I definitely used what I learned from using Apple devices and pushed it onto the other devices, yeah. (MY: Mhmm) MY: Could you tell me how you’re gauging that, measuring that, kinda like how do you know? KS: Just because I’ve done it. MY: How about in an academic context? KS: Yeah, because I’m surviving currently. (MY: We’re pulling through) MY: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? KS: Someone who can use the device to find out how to use the device, I think, is digitally literate. MY: Wow, that’s nice. I’m gonna talk about that in our class discussions because that’s super interesting. Would you consider yourself digitally literate? �KS: Oh, yeah. MY: How did you learn to be digitally literate? KS: Trial and error, and/or someone taught me. MY: Is there anything else you would like me to know? Something that I didn’t ask that I should’ve asked? (KS: I think you’re good). MY: Yay!! Thank you so much. This definitely yielded a bunch of great insights! *Disclaimer: Names changed for confidentiality reasons. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Megan Yang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Kyle Scar (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Newton, MA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Freiberg, Germany Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American, Chinese, German Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, some Chinese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 14 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 11 years Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity Swift (Xcode) Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Personal network of Apple devices Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Macbook Pro, iPhone 5s, iPhone 6s, iPad 3, Apple Watch 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Not Only Are My Devices What They Are When They Were Given to Me, But Now They’re Like What I Want Them to Be Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 23, 2018 Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #13 - Post-1980 Birthdate Kyle Scar is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was originally born in Germany, but has most recently lived in Newport, Massachusetts. He first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 5, personally owned one at age 8, and is now able to code in Swift (Xcode) – a programming language. For this interview, Kyle chose to talk about the general family of Apple products (e.g. MacBook, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch). Megan Yang is also an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in the same generation as herself in order to grasp a bigger picture understanding of “digital natives” and digital literacies. Apple Asian-American college student https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/54f7b627d3ea7aa38e40e1f940f319be.png b439e14ab4d4a40ab4f5dc7061a8b84f https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/c2eb980ae546a12fefd07a710fec236d.pdf ce45911a57055b810f314e447c2bcd94 PDF Text Text Interview with a Chemistry Major About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #14 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 2018 This is an oral interview with a female student born between 1996 and 2000. The interview included questions about her relationship with digital technologies and the way digital technology has affected the way she was raised. As a chemistry major, she is often found scribbling chemical bonds on paper and googling explanations online. The digital device she chose for the interview is a MacBook Air 13” 2015. For the purpose of confidentiality, the interviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters “E.T.” The interview was conducted by Michele Chen, a current first year Oxford Student interested in the relationship between digital technology and the way people are raised. She is a first-generation student whose parents immigrated from China to New York. She is interested in developing a better understanding of people and hopes to pursue a career in public health. MC: Can I take a picture of your device? ET: No. chuckles MC: Do you have it just on your home screen? OoOOo That's pretty. ET: I just changed it. I had a monkey before. MC: Oh, that would have so much more personality. ET: No, no it was embarrassing. 00:38 MC: What apps or program do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? ET.: Google Calendar MC: Google Calendar? ET: Yeah MC: Okay. Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? ET: Um, like, I play Sims 4 a lot, but not recently. E.T.’s MacBook Pro 13” 2015 on her home screen. MC: The what 4? �2 ET: The Sims 4 which is like the saddest game ever cause you basically just, I don't even know. MC: So, did you play 1,2, and 3 or did you just play 4? ET: I started at 2 and then I got addicted so then I went to 3, but like each time the graphics get like better so it's like I waste more money. chuckles MC: When did you start playing Sims? ET: 5th grade? MC: 5th grade? Okay. Umm. Okay so what patterns do notice in your activities and the role your device plays in them. ET: The pattern of my activities? Okay, so the patterns of my activities. So, uhh, mainly homework nowadays. I use Emory Canvas a lot. MC: Emory Canvas? Okay. ET: uhh, Opus. MC: Opus. Okay ET: uhh, Pages because I like it better than Word, but I'll copy and paste it onto Word for the grammar because grammar is better. MC: Do you use Pages because it's what Mac has? ET: Yeah, and I'm just used to it. MC: Okay ET: I like the format better, but a lot of people would disagree. MC: Ohh okay. ET: Can I go get a tissue? MC: Yeah, are you sick? ET: I'm not like sick, I'm just congested. I think I'm okay, it's just weird. MC: Okay, uhh, what important activities are not reflected in your device? ET: Like, activities as in what I do? �3 MC: I guess, it would be like, yeah. ET: I don't know. MC: If someone were to spy on you from your laptop, what do you do that they wouldn't know about? ET: Everything I do physically. chuckles Yeah, like working out and stuff? chuckles I don't know. Wait, no, because I have a bookmark for workout videos so. Just kidding, that's not true. Yeah, no I don't know how to answer that question, honestly. chuckles MC: Okay, alright, um. Part 3. 4:46 MC: Look through your device to see what records you have of people you have been involved with in the last month. Um, like records of people you have contacted or who have contacted you, your phone records, text messages, emails, social media interaction, and video calls. ET: Mhm. MC: Please provide roles or relationship names rather than people's proper names. ET: umm, my best friend. I'm looking at FaceTime right now. So I mean, I don't really FaceTime more often but uhh, it's what I’ve been using more recently since I've been here. And uhh, my mom, my aunt, and my best friend. That is all. MC: chuckles ET: But more frequently, like yesterday, it says that I FaceTimed her, my best friend, and then a week before that and like year. MC: Where is your best friend now? ET: New York City. MC: Ohh nice. ET: She's at NYU. MC: Okay, what apps or programs do you use to communicate with other people? ET: Umm, text messaging. It's nice because I have an apple and an apple. your text message go to �4 your computer so it's like score. MC: Uhh, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it? ET: I noticed that since I've moved to college, I don't text as much. It's weird cause it's like, the people who you need to communicate now you're just going to see them so like yeah. MC: Yeah, yeah, and it's like wait, I don't understand this homework problem, oh i can just walk like 30 seconds to get help. ET: Yeah, the only people I really do text is my mom, my best friend, and my roommate if I get locked out. chuckles MC: Ohh, okay. How often do you get locked out? ET: I only got locked out once, but like I would just be like can you do this and yeah. These people cooked in the kitchen the other day and it smelled really good. MC: what were they cooking? ET: Asian food. chuckles MC: How do you decide which mode - oh you already answer this. You like text messages because the thing with apple and apple. ET: Okay. MC: What important interactions with people are not reflected in your device? ET: Umm, I guess since we don't get phone calls to my computer, you don't see that like. I guess also like text messages. You get iMessages, not text messages so like you wouldn't think I have a brother, but I do. chuckles MC: Ohhh, he's not Apple? ET: Yeah, he's like anti-Apple. So, like I text him with my phone, but not on my computer. MC: Okay, wait why doesn't get an Apple to make everything... ET: Yeah, I don't know. MC: Does he have an apple laptop? ET: No. MC: Oh, okay. �5 ET: chuckles 8:00 MC: Part 4. Uhhh, okay. So, look through your device to see what records you went in the past month. Um, for example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps in the location services data on your phone, in location based social media such as Foursquare, or in self tracking apps such as the one used in fitness. Uhh, what apps or programs have record of the places you've visited. ET: Uhh, I'm looking at Google Maps right now and currently it's showing like weird places. Moves mouse around. Click of the mousepad sounded. Visited. No places visited. MC: Do you use the regular - you know how apple has their own maps? ET: Yeah. MC: Do you use that? ET: Not really because I feel like it doesn't block out traffic as much. yeah. I use Waze sometimes, but I mostly use Google Maps. But since on Google Maps, you can download maps like, so you don't like use data or whatever and as much battery. moves finger on mousepad around. I do have a map downloaded of France. MC: Of France?! ET: moves finger on mousepad around. And Rome for some reason. From two years ago. Not sure why. So yeah. This is of Paris. Nice. chuckles No, no, it is from Marseilles in France. Image of a route in the city in purple. MC: chuckles Okay. is that some place you want to go? ET: No, I went there this summer. MC: Ohh okay, okay. Could you imagine getting around without google maps? ET: Probably not. pause Probably not. What else is there? moves finger on mousepad around. What is this? I think this is in Italy - no it's in Rome! Cool. Chuckles and moves finger on mouse pad. And then this one is also Rome. I don't know why this is here, but I think my mom used it. MC: Ohh, okay. ET: Yeah. �6 MC: She went to Rome without you? ET: No, she probably just used my computer. MC: Ohh okay. Alright. Do you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations? ET: To discover locations? Um. Usually, I just google them. like I'll google like where to go in this place and where to eat donuts near me. I don't know. chuckles MC: Um, do you have any apps that track your movement or permit location services on? ET: nods Yeah, but I always do it when it's like 'when using' that app not always. MC: Do you use any apps to check into places? ET: No MC: Yeah, me too. I don't use yelp. what patterns do you notice from the places you visit and your movement from place to place? ET: Um, I realized that I don't really go to places. Just kidding, uh. when i drive places, it's usually to gymnastics or to Walmart or to Duluth sometimes I guess. MC: How was Duluth? ET: It was nice. MC: How long was the drive there? ET: Um, it's like an hour. MC: Okay. What, uh, how did you first learn to navigate new locations? ET: um, I use google Maps or Waze. even if you get lost, like yesterday I passed the like exit, you figure it out. I think technology is really good now that it reroutes you within seconds. MC: Oh yeah ET: Yeah, because you're like "OH NO" but it's okay. MC: Do you remember the first time you had to go someplace unfamiliar? ET: I remember when I first started driving, like it was like a real struggle, because it was like don't look down at the phone, but also don't take your eyes off like the road like yeah. but I've done a lot �7 better and am more confident about driving that like I can look down for like a split second so yeah. It's a lot of trouble when like you don't know where you're going but you're not confident in your driving skills. when you're alone and you’re driving, that's a lot. MC: Do you have GPS turned on? like the voice thing ma bob. ET: Yeah, but even then, sometimes I fault google maps for telling me right when it is. I feel like Waze is better for that. MC: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected in information on your device? ET: Um, I don't. I don't know. I guess, I'm looking at my recently visited places and places I look up to see directions and see how far it is, but I don't actually go there so that's yep. chuckles 13:51 MC: Part 5 Media. Um, in this section, I would like to ask you to look through your device at the media you've used during the past month. So, like social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, tv shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched or played, or that you yourself have created or distributed. Um, so based on what you see on your device, what apps do you use most to access or produce media? ET: Netflix. Both: chuckles MC: Netflix? What have you been watching on Netflix? ET: Um, I just finished the latest season of the great British Baking Show. chuckles MC: Oh my gosh, me too! ET: I so glad Sophie won because like I was like she deserved it. cause like Steven messed up. MC: Yeah, I also feel like in the beginning, Sophie was also such like, she was just not ET: She was so humble. MC: a big present. Both: Yeah, yeah. ET: And I was really happy when Stacy got out. �8 MC: Stacy? yeah. I was too. ET: She, she's very ... very like. She struggled with confidence but like at the same time she was trying to assert herself in a way that you're like "okay I don't like you." chuckles MC: Okay, now that that's over, what's next on your to-watch list? ET: Uh, my friend was telling me to watch House and ... on Amazon Prime so I was watching that this morning. MC: How is it so far? ET: pretty good. I mean I started watch episodes, but then I started watching the Great British Baking Show so now I'm back. chuckles But yeah. MC: Um, do you prefer, okay, do you prefer amazon video to Netflix or is it the other way around? ET: Nah, I prefer Netflix but like some things like Amazon - it's like if you had like a tier, it would be Netflix, Amazon Prime. MC: Um, can you give me some examples of some media that are especially significant for you? ET: Umm, like new videos? MC: I guess so ET: I like Facebook, but like yeah. I feel like the big three I usually use are Netflix, Facebook, and YouTube. MC: Do you ever go on Instagram on your laptop? ET: Not really, barely but when I’m really bored, I'll do that. but if i have my laptop, I'll just watch Netflix. MC: Um, can you give me some examples of media you produce or alter in some way? ET: Um, no. MC: What patterns do you notice in your media use? ET: Um, they're all centered around visuals and without having to read things. chuckles like I realized like when there is a good platform that like you have to like, not that you have to read a lot but it's just like I rather look at like pictures of people and see what they're doing rather than like listen to them talk about like something. MC: Yeah, do you think that's why twitter is kind of dying out a little? �9 ET: Yeah, I think there's something about having visuals and videos in front of you that like, it's more inclusive. I don't know. chuckles MC: Branching off that, do you think that's why technology is getting more popular because it's like instead of writing emails which is all words, you can send a snap that's all pictures. ET: Yup MC: Okay, what patterns do you notice in your media use? so just lots of Netflix you said right? ET: Yes, just a lot of visuals basically. MC: Tell me about your strategy for storing your media. ET: For storing media. like as in bookmarking pages? MC: I guess so, yeah. ET: Cause that's all i do. I just have a favorites page that has like basically all the websites I use, and it looks like apps on a phone but it's not. MC: Okay, what are some ways you share media with others? ET: Um, i don't know. I don't really post things. I like, I like creepily to look at other people's things. but i don't like posting things. MC: I went on your page and most of your posts is like your mom or your dad showing how they're so proud of you. It's so sweet. ET: chuckles I don't post anything on Facebook and I rarely post anything on Instagram, but like yeah. I don't yeah, I don't post things to, but it's like a self-conscious thing. MC: I also feel like there's so much pressure to like to get a "good" picture. ET: Yeah MC: Um, tell me about any strategies you have for protecting your privacy with media usage. ET: Protecting my privacy? Uh, I feel like macs do a better job than dells at protecting privacy, like if you illegally stream things, it's easier to do that on a mac than to do it on dell because dell freaks out if you do anything sketchy. But yeah. I don't know. I don't really. I just hope the software does a good job. chuckles I don't really do anything to try to protect my privacy. MC: Um, what important media are not reflected in information on your device. So, for example, �10 reading newspapers or magazines, listening to the radio. ET: Um, nothing really. Cause I mean, I like to listen to music, but I don't really listen to music that often. If I try to read something, like the other day when I was trying to block out sound, I just played rain sounds. chuckles MC: That's so cool. ET: Instead of playing music because I was trying to read a textbook so yeah. it was a weird thing. MC: Oh no, no. chuckles It sounds soothing. 20:10 MC: Okay, last part. Um, I'd like you to reflect on your history with the device you have shared with me focusing on how you learned to use them in a way that you currently do. So, how did you start using digital technologies and has your relationship with it changed over time? ET: Yeah, like you become more familiar like you adapt to it, but I first learned by playing computer games that my mom had downloaded and pause I'm trying to think. How did I begin? MC: What kinds of games did you play? ET: Uh, Fischer Price, like ABC games, and then like a baseball game, and then my friend - my nextdoor neighbor, she played Sims but yeah. MC: Do you still play sims now? ET: Not really, not too much. But when they come out with new things and like they're on sale, I’ll try them out and I'll play for like, maybe, like two weeks, like I don't know, like play like one day or two days a week but that's really it. Yeah. MC: Um, of the activities you have described so far, which was the most complex for you to learn? ET: I don't any of them are really complex. I think it's like, the most complex seems like downloading things like sims or like other software you need to use like for homework and stuff like that but otherwise i don't think it's that difficult to figure out how to use it. Chuckles MC: Okay, can you tell me when and how you learned to complete … ET: What? MC: Could you tell me when and how you learned to do all of this? I think you already talked about that. �11 ET: Just like, over time, I think I hit a point in like fifth grade that like I got my first computer which was like a giant Dell for some reason because my mom had a similar laptop. But that's when like I started to learn how to use the tools correctly. MC: What was the transition from Dell to Mac like for you? ET: Uhh, pretty easy because my mom - well my brother initially had a mac and then my mom got a mac so then I was like "oh, I like that software" so yeah. MC: Um, can you tell me about any activities you knew how to complete with your device? ET: I wish I knew how to code. MC: Yeah ET: chuckles MC: Why do you wish you knew how to complete them? ET: I feel like it's really relevant to anything nowadays. MC: What are you missing in order to learn how to code? ET: Time. chuckles Cause there's this thing called code academy where you can like learn how to do it and it literally does it step by step for you and teaches you. and like I was like "I'm going to learn this summer" and like a couple of summers ago and I just never did. MC: Okay let's learn it together over winter break! ET: Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah MC: So, when we see each other again in January we have to have that digital certificate or whatever ET: Yeah, yeah, saying we know how to code. Chuckles MC: Okay, alright, so that's what we are doing over winter break. ET: Alright. MC: Uh, do you feel like you have ET: Now that you recorded it, we have to do it. MC: Yeah. �12 Both: chuckles ET: showing motions of scrolling on her mousepad. MC: Dr. Reid's going to hear it. Do you feel you have the digital - is this Instagram? OOoOo. ET: Yeah. Chuckles MC: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? ET: Yeah. Ponders Yeah. MC: So aside from Pages, what else do you use? ET: Well this summer, I did stuff at like NYU hospital for research and stuff. I did like searches on PubMed so I feel like I know how to do that really well which is trying to use google but more scholarly. but yeah, that's that. Okay. I wish I knew how to use excel better though. MC: Are you taking a class where you have to use it right now? ET: No, I just wish I knew how to use it better. Chuckles MC: Um, how would you describe someone who is digitally literate? ET: Um, someone who knows how to use a computer well and chrome well and knows how to like to interact with other people using their devices. MC: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? ET: Yeah MC: Aside from practice over time, how do you think you became digitally literate? ET: Um, I feel like it's practice over time like you just need to get used to because you're just using it every day. MC: And is there anything else you would like me to know or I did not ask that i should have? ET: No MC: Okayy Both: chuckles � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Michele Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed E.T. (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Interview Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 12 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides New Jersey, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born New Jersey, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee United States Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Chinese Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper middle class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 13 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. MacBook Air 13" 2015 Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Laptop Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Chemistry Major About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Description An account of the resource Interview #14 - Post-1980 Birthdate This is an oral interview with a female student born between 1996 and 2000. The interview included questions about her relationship with digital technologies and the way digital technology has affected the way she was raised. As a chemistry major, she is often found scribbling chemical bonds on paper and googling explanations online. The digital device she chose for the interview is a MacBook Air 13” 2015. For the purpose of confidentiality, the interviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters “E.T.” The interview was conducted by Michele Chen, a current first year Oxford Student interested in the relationship between digital technology and the way people are raised. She is a first-generation student whose parents immigrated from China to New York. She is interested in developing a better understanding of people and hopes to pursue a career in public health. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Apple college student MacBook https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/d4fd45b79f6f55e5ac0092423b336431.JPG e2aad49aa864b50db87fde3bd0313b31 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3e0119bdc9caee16e51ef25a7d86feaf.pdf 76dc5ea82d28008683f9ab089ee35e15 PDF Text Text Interview with a Vietnamese-American College Student About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #4 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction Interviewee: This is an oral history APDH interview that is taking place on September 23, 2018 in PP’s dorm room. PP is currently a college student attending a university in Georgia. She is going to show us how she uses her iPad Pro in her everyday life as a part of the reflection project that we will be conducting. Originally from Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam, PP moved to the United States when she was 8 and has lived here ever since. Her first exposure to digital technology was when she was 8 years old, and she has been using digital technology ever since. She was born from 1996-2000, and knows a little bit of Java Script, a coding language used in the digital technology world. Interviewer: JC is also a college student attending a university in Georgia, but is originally from Los Angeles, California. Her experiences with digital technology began when she was about 5 years old, and like PP, she has been using digital technology ever since. Prior to the point in the interview when the transcription starts, JC and PP had already gone over the informed consent form, the background intake form, and the consent to record this interview as an audio clip. JC: “Can you tell me why you decided to choose this device?” PP: “The reason why I decided to choose my iPad is because I use my iPad more often than any other device. It’s portable, and it’s also very interactive, like touch screen, I’m able to write on it, so I don't really have to bring multiple things with me when I do stuff and I also play games on my iPad, watch YouTube and draw on it and I feel like it’s very efficient in a portable way to facilitate so many activities.” JC: “To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have and see what activities you were involved in this past month. You might have records of activities like in a calendar app, or a to do list, etc. What apps or programs do you use to coordinate or record your activities?” PP: “So for my iPad, I don’t really plan anything on my iPad beside from iCloud sync, which I did not do, because I wrote stuff on my computer and most of the time when I plan thing I use my cellphone. Even though I use my iPad more often than my cell phone it’s kind of like a reminder and stuff like that so I don’t really use social media on my iPad and things like that but I occasionally go onto the internet and check them but most of the time I use social media, �2 calendar app on my phone however I have like a notebook on my iPad, like I use it to write notes on and things like that.” JC: “So based on what you see on your device, what are the main activities that you do?” PP: “The main activities I usually go to are one YouTube, two is my drawing program, and three is my safari, the internet, or playing my games.” JC: “And of these activities that you use, which one do you think is the most significant to you?” PP: “Uhhh. Out of all of these, I think the most significant for me is the internet app. It’s because I use it for various things and I have multiple incorporations into it like you could watch videos with it, you could of course Google up things that you don’t know and look up stuff that you need to look up and so I would say that I use these the most on my iPad more than others.” JC: “Oh wait sorry this isn’t on the paper, but I was just wondering if you have your laptop, I guess what makes your iPad different than your laptop, like why don’t you use your laptop. Is [the iPad] just more portable or easy to take around?” PP: “Well for me, since they are about the same size, which as you can see it makes really no difference, but for me I just like the interactive interface, like I can touch the screen, I could draw and write on the screen as opposed to this [the laptop]. I’m not a good typer, I’m a very bad typer so most of the time I’d rather do it on an interactive screen than typing things out.” JC: “Ohhh that makes sense, okay. So what patterns do you notice in your activities and the role that your device plays in them?” PP: “A lot of the times I use my iPad as my entertainment, and sometime educational study, like I could go onto the internet and search up something, but for references, I use it mainly for entertainment and stuff like that.” JC: “And what important activities are not reflected in the information on your device.” PP: “What do you mean important information?” JC: “So like… I guess out of the activities that you do use on your iPad is there anything you weren’t able to discuss before or, is there anything that is more hidden that this device doesn’t really record.” PP: “I’d say the iPad is pretty good for giving you a well-rounded activity to do and apps so at the moment, doesn’t spark anything that I think I hide from you aside from the fact that I use it a lot for entertainment and playing games, drawing and all things like that it’s a stress relieving activity.” �3 JC: “Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of the people that you were involved with in the past month, for example people you might contact in your phone number, text messages, social media, etc. and while you’re looking through them, please provide the role that these people play in your lives instead of their actual name.” PP: “Well um, I use my iPad to often check my email as well, and that’s something that I do, as well as one of the other things I do is facetiming my parents, my mom, my aunt, my uncle, from you know different countries and so from different parts and so I use that more often. For my social media, I don’t really have a social media or text messages on my iPad, that’s more of a phone thing where I could quickly do it instead of tying it on such a huge screen, so most of the time for social interactions on iPad I just use email and facetime, video call.” JC: “Cool. So, the apps and programs you usually use to communicate with other people, you said like facetime and Skype? Did you say Skype?” PP: “Uhh facetime and email.” JC: “On your iPad?” PP: “Yeah.” JC: “Okay, cool. And are there any patterns that you notice in your communications, and the role that your device plays into these patterns you might notice?” PP: “Well, for my iPad, you know, all my devices, I link to notifications which is kind of like if an app has something new on it, like it needs an update, they notify me what it is, sometimes when I play my games, I take care of like a stimulation games, and I take care of a thing or something like that, like ‘Oh, your food is done’ or ‘your dish is done’ and it’s the same for YouTube, when they have a new feed on YouTube they think I might be interested in, they’ll notify me and so is my email, when there is a new email coming up, my iPad will notify me of the new email as well.” JC: “So that kind of helps you really answer it quickly because then you know that they reply to you.” PP: “Yea yea yea, notification yea it’s also the same for my cell phone for social media.” JC: “How do you decide which mode of communication to use over the other like do you use different kinds of apps for different kinds of situations or different people.” PP: “I would say yea, but I’m not much of a poster, like you see someone who would write posts and then post it on social media and stuff, most of the time I would just go in and check it and see what people have in store, and sometimes if there is an event that is really important to me, or that I really had fun, I’ll occasionally post pictures of that event on social media, but most of �4 the time I don’t really have a dedicated social platform to use, I would say aside from facetiming my parents, I don’t really use text messages, I don’t really like to text people.” JC: “Is there a reason you use facetime over emailing or calling them?” PP: “I think it’s because when you face to face talking to people, you see clearer what the connection is. When sometimes you write something, it’s more of a process, you want to make your point clear, but if you talking then it’s more efficient and its faster and you’re able to see how responsive they are, or if they care at all, and there’s more dynamic in your conversation when you’re talking to people face to face rather than texting them, because you can’t see their reaction.” JC: “Right I definitely agree with that. And what important interactions are not recorded in the information on your device?” PP: “As I said before, like the other social media programs like Instagram and Snapchat, I have it on my phone instead of my iPad and because my phone is smaller and much more portable, I can just take it out of my pocket and search up stuff, whereas the iPad, it’s more of a hassle to take it out and so there’s social media that I have on my phone instead of my iPad.” JC: “Ok, so now I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of places you went during the past month. So, for example you might have records on your calendar, or your mapping application, or in like location services, and if you’re able to find them, what apps or programs if any have records of the places you’ve visited?” PP: “Um, when I go places I don’t really take my iPad with me, like when I go and have fun with my friends, of course I’m going to leave it at home because it’s quite a huge device I mainly use my iPad when I’m at a home setting, or when I’m at a setting that is a sedentary place where I do work or homework or just try to have entertainment, so when I go places I don’t take my iPad with me, so records of where I go are not really available here. That’s a different story for my phone, because my phone automatically through GPS records my travelling.” JC: “Do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services on google maps or something like that?” PP: “Yea, um on my phone yes I allow it to track me but, on my iPad, I totally turned the tracking location effects off.” JC: “What do you think prompted you to make that choice?” PP: “It’s because I don’t want to have multiple devices that have my location on, because it could be very dangerous, you know people could just track “Oh, we found this” and it could very dangerous for me, so I only try to have the one device to track my location so that there will not be any dangerous situation where someone may just break in and so I only have my device �5 track on my phone because I want to use the google maps, so that’s the only thing I use it for, but otherwise I try to turn off the GPS because I don’t want people to find out where I am.” JC: “So how did you first learn to navigate new locations.” PP: “Well for me, basically there is an app that is already set up, which is google maps, and so on my phone I could just like type the address on there and it automatically leads me to where it is, so there’s not much of a process there aside from using the correct app to access location or to show you where to go.” JC: “And what important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your device?” PP: “Uhh… O like I said I don’t use iPad for navigation, and so a lot of that isn’t available on my iPad.” JC: “Ok, cool. So, for this last section, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of media you’ve used in the past month. So, for this section I’m mostly interested in social media posts, texts, photos, tv shows and games that you might be reading or listening to, watching or playing, or it may be something you yourself have created and distributed, and these could be anything that you think you use on your iPad.” PP: “Well, for my iPad, I have a lot of tabs on my chrome, on my internet app, mainly because I use it to access like websites for reading manga, and watching anime, and also like reading novels online, and so I do have a lot of tabs like that. As for watching various drama, so you can see this is all my entertainment stuff, I don’t do things that are relevant to my school work really, it’s just entertainment stuff.” JC: “Kind of like a personal TV?” PP: “Basically, like if I miss a show I can just get on my iPad really quick and you know, track them. And other media that I used that I mentioned before are I like drawing on here, and so I do also draw a lot on my iPad, I have a few arts on here which I drew using my iPad, a lot of them are older than the others, but um recently I’ve been adding more stuff on this. I also use this for drawings, and as you can see, there’s games scattered everywhere, now and then, but a lot of these games I don’t really play, I just play one or two of them, but since my iPad has storage I guess.” JC: “That’s cool. Do you use a stylus for the drawing app?” PP: “Yeah, I use a stylus for the drawing app. Yeah it’s attached to the case.” JC: “So what media do you use or create the most?” �6 PP: “I would say that the media I create the most on my iPad is my drawings. Aside from that, I don’t post on social media on here, I don’t have the app on my iPad, so most of the time I will just draw and watch TV. It’s like you said, a personal tv and a personal drawing tablet for me.” JC: “For TV do you mostly use safari, or YouTube, or Netflix?” PP: “I use a lot of safari as well as YouTube, it’s because I don’t have a Netflix, so I don’t use Netflix, but a lot of times I could just find what I want to watch on websites that support safari.” JC: “And why do you prefer one app or program over another?” PP: “It depends on my mood, and on what I want to do that day, really. Sometimes I don’t feel tired, maybe I’ll just watch something really quick and you know, go to sleep or do something else. Or maybe one day I’m like ‘ooh, I feel like I want to do this, so let me watch something on this’, you know it really depends on my mood and I can’t say that my mood is stable, from time to time, and so yea, it really depends.” JC: “So can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant for you?” PP: “Yeah, I would say that the most meaningful to me is my drawing programs, because I spend a lot of effort on every single art, so if you delete them, that’s like at least 10 hours that I spent on art drawing and so I would say that I would not want my iPad to be stolen or anything like that because all my drawings are on there and it would be detrimental for me since I cannot back it up, so it would be very sad.” JC: “Do you like drawing? Is it your hobby?” PP: “Yea, I love drawing. Drawing is like my hobby, and um actually the main reason why I got my stylus and my iPad is for drawing. Yea, it’s because I have trouble drawing using like a separate tablet and then a tablet to attach it to a desktop or computer, and so it’s because I feel like it would be nicer if you could actually do it kind of like you’re drawing on a piece of paper, and the iPad with its interactive screen allows me to do that, and so it’s similar to the traditional drawing techniques and so I prefer it and so that’s why I bought my iPad, for my love for drawing, pretty much.” JC: “Ooo I see. So what patterns do you notice in your media use?” PP: “The patterns is that I guess there’s just for entertainment only, so there doesn't’ really like anything that the main thing that I pretty much do on my iPad is just for entertainment, like watching TV, watching clips, drawing or playing games and that’s it. I don't’ really use it for any other stuff aside from entertainment.” JC: “What are some ways that you share media with others?” �7 PP: “I share it through pretty much the share button (laughs) and things you know like sometimes when I draw art, I will share it through emails, export it as a JPG or PNG, share it through email, and that’s pretty much it, I don’t really share any other things aside from that.” JC: “And can you tell me any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage?” PP: “As I told you, I turn off my location device and you know when I’m using so that my location will not be exposed and sometimes I also use VPN as well to protect my privacy and get me anonymity. As well as I use passcode lock on my iPad like fingerprint and passcode to ensure that an unidentifiable person and walks in and took my iPad won’t use my information. Plus, I don’t have any important information on my iPad so like all the accounts that I have, there’s no such things that any of the banking accounts related to me on this iPad, so I don't use it for that so most of the time it’s just for entertainment and nothing else.” JC: “Okay, and are there any other media in your life that aren’t reflected in the device?” PP: “Umm. Yea, I like to go to the movies and you know when I play video games, sometimes I don’t play it on my iPad I play it on y console like the 3DS or PS4 and so that wasn’t on my iPad and you know I love to go to the movie theater to watch the latest movies, and of course my iPad won’t have the newest thing on there, and for newspaper and magazines, that’s something I read on my phone, like I go on fox news pages and read it there, but I don’t really read it on my iPad, as I’ve been reiterating many times, I only use my iPad for entertainment.” JC: “And in this final section, I’d like you to reflect the history on your device and the apps you’ve shared with me, focusing on how you’ve learned to use your device and the apps that you use in the way that you currently do. So, one question I have to start off is how did you start using digital technologies and how do you think your relationship with it has changed over time?” PP: “Ok, so this brings back to a long time ago. I did not have access to digital devices in my childhood until the age 8, that was when I immigrated to America, and I left my country of Vietnam, which is a developing country, and so when I get over here, technology is more prominent that it is in Vietnam. And even in school system, I’d say that the first exposure that I got to digital technology was pretty much through education, and you know how teachers use computers already, and projectors, and various digital technologies to teach students, and so building off that experience, I also when I first came here, I also had a desktop at home, and so a lot of my experiences are really through that desktop, and I didn’t really start to learn how to use it until I was eight or nine or so, but most of the time I would just use it to play games, browsing, you know what kids like to do when I was young. And it's not until like in the 2010 or 2012 that I got my first iPad, which was an iPad 3, and I kept my iPad3 for a long time, about 4 or 5 years until I updated and got an iPad Pro, and so yea I got this one recently, but then my experience of using the iPad came from the iPad 3 but the interface are really similar, there’s nothing different, and I would say this for a lot of devices, I feel that all the digital technology has �8 similarities like your phone, your laptop, they all have symbols which allow you to recognize what it is, and pretty much they have text like descriptions of how to use it, like when you start an app, when you don’t know how to use it, there’s usually a tutorial teaching you how to use it. And some of it is pretty much what people call common sense, like if you grow up with it, you’re going to know how to do it without much hassle, and so even though I wasn’t exposed much to technology in Vietnam, but it’s because I came here when I was still a young child, so technology wasn’t such a wide gap for me to fill in.” JC: “And of the activities that you’ve described so far, what do you think was the most complex for you to learn?” PP: “I would say my drawing programs. That’s totally another world.” JC: “What do you think made it so complex?” PP: “I think that the complexity came from the user and not the program itself. The program is fairly simple. If you want to draw something, there are a different assortment of brushes. You may not understand the terminology, but let’s just imagine that you use pencils, brushes, watercolor brush, this kind of brush and that for traditional, so on the drawing program, it’s the same, they also have brush, but it’s kind of like an intangible aspect because you’re using your stylus for everything, and so I have to really learn how to use and how to apply the correct techniques, and I think that it’s a really complex thing, not because of the program is complex, it’s because of how to use it and how to apply it is complex.” JC: “So what kind of context do you use this activity for, is it professional or academic, etc.?” PP: “I would say like for all of them, you know, if I want to build a professional portfolio I would do it, as well using a program to build a professional art portfolio, I could just draw it because it’s a hobby of mine and it’s fun, and of course it could be academic, because you know if you take an art class and your main media is digital illustration, then yea that could be your academic piece.” JC: “So it’s kind of like you could use it for anything, really.” PP: “Yeah.” JC: “Okay, and can you tell me about when and how you learned to complete these complex activities?” PP: “This took me a year or so to learn how to actually draw digitally, I’d say if I were to transfer my skills from this device to another one, it’s umm would be somewhat of a change, but I still retain that knowledge you know, like for me how I learned this was mostly through experience, like the more you use it the more you get used to it, and the more you get used to it, the better you get every time.” �9 JC: “And do you think like transitioning from drawing on your iPad Pro to drawing on paper, is it different or is it very similar?” PP: “I feel like it is very similar, but there are resources that cannot be replaced. Like on the iPad Pro, you could easily have colors applied just at the click of your fingertip, but when you’re drawing on a piece of paper, you have to have your resources available to you, like oh, you have to buy color pencils, or you have to buy watercolor, and you have to use this brush, dip it to this color palette, you know there’s more of a process if you use it that way.” JC: “And can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device?” PP: “Hmm… Right now, I don’t really have an activity that I’m really bad at that I need to learn to do better, I’d say I’m always striving to improve myself in the digital illustration, and that’s like the main thing, but aside from that, the activities are pretty simple and it doesn't pose problems to me, I can just navigate it out.” JC: “Do you think that drawing is always going to be a personal thing like a hobby you have, or do you think that you could see yourself possibly doing art professionally in the future?” PP: “Yeah, I definitely could see myself doing art, but as a side or a minor, it’s because for me, I’m a slow artist, it takes me forever to think about an idea to come up with and actually apply it, and so for me, it’s not going to be my main profession, but it will be something that I do for a lifelong time. As a hobby, or anything that I want, of course my mind is subject to change, and so having a hobby really for now, for me, I guess it’s just a hobby.” JC: “What do you think you could improve on in art and digital design?” PP: “I think there are a variance of things. Like, since digital perspective is intangible, it’s not something you can touch really, so there is that barrier, and because of that, you need to be really good at manipulating and maneuvering your programs really. For me, I’m still pretty new at photoshop, and there's features on the photoshop program that I struggle to understand, like why is like this, why is it like that, so for me I would wish to learn more about the program itself, and how to use them because computer software and programs can be very complex and complicated, and unless you practice it or have a niche in it, then you don’t really understand the use of it.” JC: “Right. Do you think that one of the reasons is because you don’t really use photoshop, so you don’t really feel the need to learn it as much, or what do you think?” PP: “I would say it’s because I’m fairly new as a digital artist at digital design, I only have about a year of experience, and so there’s still much time for me to figure out how to use the programs. I would say that using the device itself isn’t complex, it’s the programs that really �10 pose a problem because different types of programs have different features and that’s really what makes it tiresome to learn.” JC: “And do you feel that you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context?” PP: “Yes.” JC: “How so, can you tell me about how you’re gauging that?” PP: “It’s because as a student in the contemporary world, everything is facilitated through digital technology. Like, when teachers tell you to write an essay, unless it’s an essay in class, you really going to type it on the computer and revise it from there, rather than writing it handwritten and you know when you handwrite things it could get messy, and sometimes teachers cannot read your handwriting, and there are many factors that associate with that. And so, you know in educational system nowadays, the implementation of digital technology is so prominent, that of course the student has to learn how to use it. And even so, when you go to the workforces, it’s also the same concept. People teach you how to use certain programs to complete certain tasks, and so as long as you have the basic understanding of what technology is and how to use technology, how to at least type on a computer, I think you could really thrive.” JC: “What about in your personal context?” PP: “For my own personal use, I would say yes, I do have enough knowledge about how to use this. There are times when I still need to learn a bit longer, but that’s for something new that I haven’t tried before.” JC: “What about in a civic or public context?” PP: “Um In a civic or a public context, it’s like social media, really, aside from watching the news, reading the news, listening to the radio and posting on social media, I don’t really see that I have trouble with those kinds of things because it’s very common nowadays, it’s very straightforward” JC: “And how would you describe someone who is digital literacy?” PP: “I would say someone who is digitally literate is someone who knows how to navigate through the digital technology interface.” JC: “And would you consider yourself digitally literate?” PP: “Yes I could do a lot of things and there’s different types of literacy really, but I could navigate through my own device without asking people 'Oh my gosh' help me how do you do this I can at least follow the instructions.” �11 JC: “Mhmm, and how do you think you learned to be digitally literate?” PP: “Um it’s just using it over and over again and getting the experience. At first, you’re like ‘oh my gosh, typing is so hard’, but after you type for a while, you start to pick it up, like your brain has muscle memories and is able to recognize it, and so just using it over and over again, you know, keeping on being exposed to it, you pretty much could learn it without any problems.” JC: “Is there anything else that you would like me to know, or is there anything that I did not ask and should have asked?” PP: “At this rate, I don’t think so.” JC: “Ok, cool thank you!” � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview JC (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed PP (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 11 pages Occupation College student State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, U.S.A. State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Vietnam, China, American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian, Vietnamese, Chinese Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Vietnamese, English, Chinese (dialect) Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Age 8 Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity Some Java Script Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPad Pro Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Tablet computer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Vietnamese-American College Student About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 23, 2018 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1 Description An account of the resource Interview #4 - Post-1980 Birthdate This is an oral history APDH interview that is taking place on September 23, 2018 in PP’s dorm room. PP is currently a college student attending a university in Georgia. She is going to show us how she uses her iPad Pro in her everyday life as a part of the reflection project that we will be conducting. Originally from Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam, PP moved to the United States when she was 8 and has lived here ever since. Her first exposure to digital technology was when she was 8 years old, and she has been using digital technology ever since. She was born from 1996-2000, and knows a little bit of Java Script, a coding language used in the digital technology world. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University college student Vietnamese Vietnamese-American