2 10 31 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/5b28d2db2db4953ea9cc9076925399b5.JPG 6f5aa9fff35b3d3d777be1bfb49f03ec https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/30f2a72ead5b80b5ba8fc72571764d3e.pdf 4bc61b489794c97d9655f6423a9e008f PDF Text Text "My generation is probably the last generation that grew up without those things” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #1-Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2, 2018 Introduction: The following is an interview of Penelope Smith1, a Caucasian female born in the 19751980 age range. The interview was conducted by an Oxford College First Year student, also Caucasian and female. The interview focuses on a tour of a digital device of the research subject’s choosing, studying the past and present digital experience of a said subject for comparison to other generations. Interview: 00:00 So, before we begin here, the first thing that I'm going to do is explain to you sort of what to expect in the next couple minutes of this interview. I'm going to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you and that you use routinely-- like your phone, your laptop, your computer, something like that. Um, if the device enables it, I would like you to look at some records of activities during the last month, calendar entries, texts, phone calls, whatever else that would show me sort of your digital footprint, and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can, of course, decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me if you would like, but, just a quick disclaimer, you should only share examples of things that you feel comfortable doing, and please don't share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Also, please don't mention the names of other people, because they were not here to give consent for the interview, so just refer to them by their titles, like "coworker", or "family member", or "brother" or "sister" or "whoever". So, do you have any questions before we begin? 01:21 No. 01:22 Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? 1 Names have been changed. �01:24 Yes, er, no. Interviewer chuckles, then takes the picture. 01:35 So, just start by telling me why you chose this device. 01:39 Okay. Well, I chose my iPhone 8 because at this point in life, I don't think I could function without it. Um, over the years, I have occasionally had my phone stolen or broken or something like that, and then y-you know how it's- now I can't go 24 hours. Um, it has all my contacts, it has all my payment information, social media, everything. Email, this is 95% of the time what I'm replying on, because I don't have my computer out a lot. So, it's just an important part of daily life. 02:13 Um, so to start, what I'm going to ask you to do is take a look for your device, you don't have to show me anything if you don't want to, but activities you were involved in with the last month, so you might have records in like, a calendar app, or a to-do list, or invitations to events... that sort of thing. So, what sort of apps do you use to coordinate your activities? Do you use anything specific on that device? 02:37 So, I just use, umm, the calendar app that comes on iPhone. And it populates my Outlook as well, so every time I get something through work. 02:47 And, based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities that you see often in your calendar app? 02:54 Umm, so all of my activities will usually be work meetings, reminders to myself, and, ummm, my husband and I share- he shares his out-of-town calendar, 'cause he goes out of town a lot, and who's picking up my son. 03:13 And, that sort of answers what sort of patterns you notice, because it all sort of seems to be similar. 03:19 Yes. �03:20 Ummm, are there any activities that are not reflected in that sort of calendar app, or is everything there? 03:27 No, my whole life is in there. Interviewer laughs. 03:29 Everything? 03:30 Like, I put everything I have to do. If I'm- like last night, when I knew I needed to fill this out-anything I need to do the next day, I'll put it in there, because I instantly forget things now. I used to be able to remember, but I don't. 03:44 That's interesting. 03:45 Yeah. I'll set myself reminders in the calendar app. 03:49 Ummm, so the next thing I'm gonna ask you to do is to take a look through your device to see records of people you were involved with during the last month, so, just a reminder to use their roles or relationship names, not their actual personal names. Ummm, so what apps or programs do you use to communicate with other people the most? 04:09 Ummm, so text, email, occasionally the phone, ummm... 04:18 Why do you say occasionally? 04:21 Because that way- the only people I talk to on the phone really is my mother. Interviewer chuckles. 04:25 �Ummm, but most things are text or email, and I begrudgingly use Facebook Messenger with students- because I hate Facebook Messenger. I hate communicating with Facebook. Interviewer chuckles. 04:39 But the students seem to love it, don't they? 04:40 Yes, so I have not- yes, I would not be on Facebook if it weren't that we keep stuff going and communicate for here. 04:48 And, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role that your device plays within that? 04:59 What- what patterns? 04:59 Yeah, do you have any sort of similarities, like, as the months go by, is it just- is it all sort of just, ummm, text, email, that sort of thing, and there's never any, really, variety with it? 05:14 Uh, yeah, no, there's never variety. 05:16 And then, why do you choose to use certain modes of communication over others, like, why do you prefer text? Do you know why that is? 05:26 Well, because- well, in, in most of my texts are between my husband and I. And it's mostly 'Do I need to do this, or are you doing'- like, daily, our daily communication throughout the day is who's taking care of what for the day- or the night, so we text each other so we never know who can actually talk. Like, we never, hardly ever call each other. Ummm, so like at this point in life, there's just a lot of daily scheduling of life. Ummm, and so that's how we communicate. I- I don't even know what the question was now. Did I answer that? 06:05 Well, that's about right, yeah. 06:08 �Ummm, and then, is there any sort of interaction with people that's not reflected on your device? Is there anything you still do, maybe using other devices, or even the old-fashioned way? 06:19 Ohhh, ummm, yeah, I mean, so, like I still write cards and letters to my grandfather, and he still sends me actual newspaper clippings about things. Interviewer 'awwwwws' 06:33 Ummm, so, with other older family members will actually write, but other than, yeah, other than actually seeing somebody in person, I communicate with most people in life through email or text or something I do on this phone. 06:51 And then, let's move on to places you went during the past month, so, ummm, let's see, what apps or programs, if any, have records of the places you visited, like, do you use Google Maps07:09 Uhh, Google Photos07:10 Google Photos? 07:11 Because, yeah, it automatically uploads and tells me where I was when pictures were taken. So, yeah, if I look at my Google Photos for the past month, I'll know where I've been. But ma- I use Google Maps, I don't use Waze that much, ummm, and I don't use Maps that much unless I'm going out of town. 07:30 Ummm, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? Is that something you do? 07:42 Obviously like, Maps, will, and I do every once in awhile go through and make sure it's set to 'just while using the app', I try not to have apps track my location, I don't think I have Instagram or Facebook set to show where my location is, ummm, I don't know if it's that big of a deal, but yeah, if you're a little old-school, you turn those off. �08:09 Ummm, and then, what sort of patterns do you notice in the places you visit, your movements from place to place, do you have a sort of routine with where you go, what you do every day, or is there always a sort of variety? 08:24 Oh no, there's definitely routine, I mean, our daily lives are very routined, part of that I think comes from when you have younger children, you have a routine. Ten years ago, I would've had, probably a different thing going on, but other than scheduled, out-of-town things, the most variety we get now during the school year is like, going to the movies or something like that. 08:48 And then, this is an interesting question that sort of breaks you away from the phone more, it asks you, 'how did you first learn to navigate new locations?' did you use paper maps, did you memorize landmarks, how did you do that sort of thing? 09:03 So, I remember in college, taking road trips, and we used an Atlas. 09:07 No! 09:08 Yes! We, I- we did an impromptu road trip to Vermont from Rome, Georgia with a map. I don't think I could use a map today. And then, after that, it would be, like, when Mapquest first came out, and you could print out directions to a specific location. 09:27 My mom still does that! 09:28 Yeah, I know, my aunt still does that, I don't even understand how that works either. And now, I just, like, I don't think I could go fifty miles without- I can't go anywhere new without Google Maps or Waze. 09:41 It's amazing how we become sort of reliant on these things. 09:43 I know, I still have an Atlas in my car, like, in case of the zombie apocalypse or something, I couldn't use it, though. �09:51 Ummm, and is there anything not reflected on your device that sort of, you use for locations, and places, and things like that? 10:00 No. No. 10:02 No? Everything's on the phone? 10:04 Yeah. 10:05 And then, next part is going to be media, so social media is the focus of this one, so, I find this to be the longest section, because people have a lot to say about their social media, but I'm interested in posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, games, all that good stuff-- umm, these could be anything along that line, so you might have use in your browser history, Google search, Netflix, YouTube, ummm, or social media, like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, if you're my generation-- or, unless you have a Snapchat? 10:48 Only for the filters. I've never snapped a chat. 10:55 Ummm, so based on what you see, what sort of apps or programs do you use to access or produce media? 11:04 So, I do have Instagram, and I love Instagram, ummm, I have Facebook, and I hate Facebook, except I do like seeing family and friends that aren't nearby. So, I'll stalk you on social media, I rarely post anything or comment on anything. Ummm, that's it though, I mean, I have a Snapchat icon here, but I don't know how to use Snapchat. I don't even know what the point is. I don't have a Twitter, ummm, Pinterest. 11:41 Pinterest counts! 11:42 I love Pinterest! �11:43 So do I! 11:45 Ummmm, yeah. I don't think I could design sets without Pinterest. Ummm, and I text in complete sentences, which I've noticed is a generational thing. 11:58 Sometimes I do too. 11:59 Yeah? I can't stand things without proper punctuation. Ummm, but yeah, that's it. 12:08 I know I turned mine off, because of the aesthetics, like, I'll turn off capitalization and sometimes I'll use punctuation12:15 Really? Oh my gosh, no! 12:16 Only sometimes. 12:18 Yeah, no, ugh, I can't handle it. But12:21 If I'm sending formal messages, then I will use- I will use proper grammar, but if I'm just talking to my friends, no12:34 Yeah, I always. I mean, not always full sentences, but I never- I don't use acronyms a whole lot or emojis. I don't even have special emojis. I just have whatever comes on the basic keyboard. Uhhhh.... 12:49 I've found it pretty funny, because my grandmother actually uses more acronyms in texting than I do13:00 That's funny! �13:02 Well, my Mom used one the other day on me that I didn't know what it was, ummm, I had to look it up. But, yeah, I think in social media, so when, like Facebook and Instagram, when it all first come out, I was very much into it, and now I- not. 13:19 No? 13:20 I think I could disappear from most of that world and be totally fine with it. 13:25 That's interesting. So, I think that sort of answers that question, but, ummm, is there any sort of media that you produce or alter in some way? Like, do you make your own sorts of videos, things like that, is there anything that you do? Nothing posted? 13:47 No, I really don't, I mean, not with media stuff, I photoshop things, but I'll take the suggested video that Google put together for me, but no. And I don't post- I usually don't post anything like that. 14:04 And then, tell me about your strategy for storing your media, like, what takes up the most space on your phone, or how do you actually- the other question is, how do you keep it all organized- so do you have folders on your phone? 14:18 Uh, yeah, so I do have the tiles, like utilities, photography, navigation, and anything that's, like, loose, I put on the second page, because I don't want too much on here. Umm, so probably photos take up the most, ummm, and my iCloud filled up like ten years ago, so I just use Google Photos, and it automatically backs up. I also never delete a text, so I probably should, I'm sure that takes up room, other than that I have no idea, because, until my phone starts telling me I'm out of storage, I won't purge it of things. I never back up my phone. So14:56 Oh no! 14:58 I know, you should- I should, but no. 15:03 �So, this is another interesting question that doesn't really pertain to the main theme, but it's 'how do you protect yourself with your media usage?' privacy, things like that, what's important to you in terms of things like that? 15:20 Ummm, well I don't think I do, I mean, I shut off location services, but like, as far as social media, I just don't put- I don't post a lot of things. I will post my dogs on Instagram, but ummm, and occasionally my kid, or a family picture or something, but I just don't get into it, I don't post anything political, I don't- 'cause I just am not willing to put forth the time to have a conversation with people or an argument, or deal with comments and stuff like that, so I've just sort of stepped back. I don't want to- I will have conversations in person, but I don't want to deal. I think social media is now a time-suck to me, so I just tend to stay off of it, unless I can browse right quick, but I'm not going to post anything. 16:12 And, is there anything not reflected in terms of media, do you still read the newspaper, magazines, umm, radio, TV.... all that stuff that16:24 So, I listen to NPR, um, I have Spotify and I listen to a lot of podcasts on it, as well as music, ummm, I do not have a newspaper service, uhh, but uhh, I subscribe to things online. Ummm, and I have a few blogs that I read on the regular. 16:50 And, do you ever play video games at all? I noticed you said on here that your very first16:54 Yes! Nint- Old Nintendo! With, uhh, Mario Brothers and Duck Hunt! Like, the, had the cartridge, you had to blow on it to get it to work. That was me and my brother, we had that when we were little, so I was probably nine or ten or eleven when we got that, we do have an Xbox at home, but mostly my husband and son play it. I like some games, though, I will say my guilty pleasure is like Call of Duty, I like to kill people. 17:26 Oh my gosh, that's funny! 17:28 I know. 17:29 It's a good stress reliever! �17:30 It really is. During the summer, when it's more relaxed, I will play video games. But not much during the school year. 17:40 And then, finally, we've got your personal history and learning of technology. This is the very last section, it sort of goes, how did you- how did this all begin? So, how did you start using your digital tech, and also, it's sort of a twofold question, how did your relationship with it change, from when you first had it, to where you are now? 18:01 Um, like, all the way from having a gaming console? 18:07 Yep! 18:07 Okay. So, I don't even remember when we first had a computer in the house, umm, I had to have been in middle school. But my dad actually owned a computer company back when people were just starting to like, put computers in their houses, ummm, and my dad and my brother were techie people, like my brother is a computer genius, like, he- he's is three years younger, and he- but he hit that time period that if you learned to code things, and do like, you'll just make tons of money, and, and understand how computers work. I really have no idea. I missed that mark. Ummm, but, so, technology's never been a huge part of my life, really, even until iPhones. Cell phones- so, I got my first cell phone when I was twenty-one, and it was an old Nokia brick phone, and my dad gave it to me when I graduated college, and I put it in the glovebox of my car and was like "alright, I'll use this on emergencies", like I did not understand the point of having a cell phone, and I did not get an iPhone until, probably, I was thirty, and my husband got an iPhone so he got me an iPhone, and I thought it was ridiculous- I did not need to have an iPhone19:33 And then what happened? 19:34 And now, I cannot live without an iPhone. But I still- I love it and I hate it, I have a ten-yearold who wants a phone so bad, and I refuse to get him a phone, but at the same time, I cannot- not- I have to make a conscious effort in the evenings to put my phone down. And that's just crazy to me, 'cause we didn't grow up that way. It just wasn't a part of life, to be able to check your email and communicate with people constantly, it's a really weird thing for, I think, because my generation is probably the last generation that grew up without �those things. But has them now. So, now that we have kids, it's- it's a weird thing. That went off on a tangent. 20:17 No, but it was a good tangent! So, of the sort of activities you've discovered so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? What took you the most time to sort of, pick up? 20:35 Ummm, you know, probably social media. And I only say that because you know how, like, Facebook will send you "in this day" of whenever, and when I see things from my first year of social media or something, I don't think I had a clue of what to do, and what it was for, I don't know that any of us really did, but they were so stupid, my little posts, like "having coffee", or something- like, why? I would just broadcast what I was doing in life, and it was for nothing! Umm, it's something a lot of people do. The creation and evolution of social media is such a bizarre thing to me, ummm, and I still don't think I have it right. And maybe that's why I don't post a lot of stuff. I, when I have, so like, I'll, you know, follow students on Instagram and things as we get to know each other, and you guys are so clever and witty with your stuff, and I will never be that way. 21:34 And then, ummm, are there any activities with your device that you wish you knew how to do, but don't? 21:45 No, I think I do too much on it anyways. I don't even know what I'm missing. 21:51 And then, ummm, how about this one? Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? 22:00 Yes. 22:02 And, how are you gauging that? 22:05 I don't know. 22:07 You just, sort of- �22:08 I just do. Umm, I have a stupid amount of self-confidence, so I assume I'm doing whatever correctly no matter what. Umm, I don't know, I think so, because I think most of the time, in a- you said in a professional way, right? 22:27 Yeah! 22:29 Most of the time, I think, in that, at least in this world, professional academia, we're behind the times, so I'm a step ahead of that one. 22:38 And, in your own words, could you describe to me what you would consider somebody who is digitally literate? What does that mean to you? 22:52 So, I would say it's just somebody who knows how to- I think the gauge is how well you know how to use a smartphone. Whether it's Android or iPhone. But- like, it used to be, just knowing how to operate Word and Excel, and things like that, but23:18 And it's funny how we've- how we've transferred from that professional context to23:22 When I think of who- so, like, my grandfather is ninety-three years old, and he has finally gotten dow- like, he has an iPhone. 23:30 No! 23:31 Yeah, my dad got him an iPhone, like a couple years ago, and it took a long time, but he can text, and FaceTime, and it's such a bizarre thing to him, like it took a long time to get the hang of it, even though it's so intuitive. Umm, but yeah, and so, if you think about- it's mostly the older generation who do not know how to operate smartphones and could care less, I get it, but I think that's who we would consider digitally- digitally illiterate. 24:02 And, with that definition, would you consider yourself digitally literate? 24:07 �Literate? 24:08 Literate. 24:08 Yes. 24:10 And, we've sort of already talked about how you learned to be digitally literate over the course of your time, going from video games to smartphones to social media to posting about coffee in your day to day life, you know, but that's pretty much it. I just want to quickly ask if there is anything else you would like me to know in the context of this interview, anything I didn't ask that I should've- anything else you'd like to talk about. 24:41 Ummm, no, I think that was very thorough. 24:46 Excellent. 24:46 Thank you. 24:47 Perfect. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview GK (Pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Penelope Smith (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 14 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Nuremberg, Germany Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1975-1979 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Some French and Spanish Occupation Technical Director of Performing Arts Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 9 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "My generation is probably the last generation that grew up without those things." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #1-Pre-1980 Birthdate The following is an interview of Penelope Smith*, a Caucasian female born in the 1975-1980 age range. The interview was conducted by an Oxford College First Year student, also Caucasian and female. The interview focuses on a tour of a digital device of the research subject’s choosing, studying the past and present digital experience of a said subject for comparison to other generations. college student pre-1980 birthdates https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/4317de41ce0c7f0531e48aca0edefee4.pdf 60ceb2554b554406b420dce4c33332df PDF Text Text Interview with an Ecuadorian Entrepreneur on Her Personal and Professional Use of Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #7 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 Introduction: This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Fatima*, who is interviewed by Ana Natalia. Fatima, a Ecuadorian woman born within the age range of 1965-1970, is an entrepreneur and start-up consultant in the Boston area for companies started by women. She is also the mother of three children. Ana Natalia is a first year student at Oxford College of Emory University from Wellesley, Massachusetts. She is a neuroscience major with an interest on studying digital technology’s effect on the brain. The intent of this interview was to understand the role of technology in the life of someone who did not grow up with digital technologies such as they are now. Furthermore, Ana Natalia wanted to explore the ways in which technological literacies are learnt and/or developed over a long period of time. *Pseudonym Interviewer: In this interview I’d like to ask you to take me on a tour of a digital device particularly significant to you and that you use frequently. If the device enables it I’d like you to review records of your activities during the past month such as calendar entries, phone calls, emails, websites, and social media interactions and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the way you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also please don’t share anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. And please don’t mention names of other people. When referring to other people please name them by their role rather than their name. For example, coworker or family member. Before we begin do you have any questions? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Tell me why you chose this device? Interviewee: Because I use it frequently. Interviewer: To start I’d like you to look through your device and see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have recordings of activities in the 1 �calendar app, or, for example, or in a to-do list or invitations to events through social media or a journaling app. What apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? Interviewee: Calendar. Interviewer: And in what capacity do you use that app? Interviewee: Every… Every week and umm… Sometimes every day. Interviewer: And what do you use it for? What information is on that app? Interviewee: It is not an app. It is part of the calendar. The calendar app. Um… The activities for my family members and work commitments are what are on here. Interviewer: So based on what you see on that calendar app what are your main activities? Interviewee: Work meetings. Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your activities and the roles your device plays in them? Interviewee: Could you please repeat? Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your activities such as your kid’s activities after school, or your work activities and what role does your device, your iPhone, play in that? Interviewee: Very important because it connects it directly and reminds me the… the email that was initially referenced from and also timed and… specific meetings like where in the city that automatically give me directions to get me to that point if I need it. Interviewer: Ok. Are there any important activities that are not reflected in information that’s on your device? So just to expand on that a little bit further- are there activities that you do during your daily life that if I were to look on your phone I could not find any trace of them? Interviewee: Passwords and registrations. Um… feels frustrating to access to too many passwords and registrations in some cases but mostly passwords. Interviewer: I’m talking about activities though. Things that you do on a day to day basis that are not on your phone. So maybe you play tennis but it's not in your calendar so it's not reflected in the information on your phone. Interviewee: Um… Interviewer: Are there any undocumented… digitally undocumented activities that you do day to day? 2 �Interviewee: Yes. Interviewer: And what are they? Interviewee: Those are mostly related to my sports and, umm health. Daily exercises I usually do and I have a schedule without the help of the calendar. Interviewer: Ok. Next I’d like you to ask… Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see any records of the people you were involved with over the past month. For example, you might have records of people you’ve contacted or who contacted you in phone records, your text messages, you email, your social media interactions or your voice calls such as Skype or Facetime. Please present roles or relationship names instead of the person’s actual name. So what apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: Whatsapp, mainly. Um… messaging and phone calls. Interviewer: And is it mostly for business or for pleasure? Interviewee: Entirely for business. And, um… It takes… Since the company I worth with is located overseas they use… the easiest way to reach or be reached is through Whatsapp because it is free, allows you to use it for longer periods of time, and allows you to send even files and pictures. Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it? So do you notice any pattern in your use of, maybe Whatsapp or another app that you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: A pattern? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Could you give me an example? Interviewer: So, perhaps maybe I notice a pattern that I communicate differently with people online than I do with people in person. Or maybe I notice that I usually call people at a certain time and text people at another time. If you notice any pattern relating to your communication with other people online. Interviewee: On my flowed of work I schedule… I have scheduled patterns of activities through, umm Whatsapp to meet. The other well-used app is called Zoom.us which allows me to share a meeting and even my computer. Interviewer: So would you say that the patterns that you’ve noticed in your communication and the… is that it tends to be more formal because of the apps or the context in which you’re using your device? Interviewee: Yes, absolutely. 3 �Interviewer: In this final section I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you’ve shared with me focusing on how you’ve learned to use them in the way that you currently do. So my first question is how did you start using digital technologies and how has your relationship with it changed over time? Interviewee: I started from the beginning with the, umm, what was called Blackberry that allowed to send emails, umm, and the… In the mid-nineties and, uh, with that I went through to… only, uhh, iPhone and Apple telephones. I never had any android or any of that kind. Um as much as I remember it used to be emails in the very beginning with the Blackberry and then the iPhone came with the possibility of email and also texting, uh, it has been advancing in the… In these ten past years have been the most advanced changes in the levels of technology. Interviewer: So of the activities that you have described so far, um, what are the most complex for you to learn? Activities on your digital device, I mean. Interviewee: The most complex? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Umm… The most complex… I think that in general everything is user friendly and that is the reason why it’s… they accomplished to have so many customers. It’s because their efficiencies. So I don’t find it difficult whatsoever I think that umm… apps are umm tend to be boring but technology-wise from the iPhone I think they are generally user friendly I don’t have any problems. Interviewer: Ok. Can you tell me about when and how you learned to complete certain activities or was it user friendly to an extent in which you didn’t feel like you had to learn any of the technologies you just automatically knew how to work it. Interviewee: Not it was not automatically but it’s a common sense. I think YouTube helps a lot if you do not understand something and, umm, and that is… and that is key because you don’t need to talk to anybody anymore. Interviewer: To learn? Interviewee: Yeah to learn. Now a days video has been the biggest component of success in technology. In many cases it has been the help of video. Interviewer: Are there any activities you wish you knew how to complete on your device that you don’t already know or do you feel like you know everything you need to know? Interviewee: Um, well, I think that for my particular needs I have everything that I need. I think, um, I… I would like to be more efficient. I believe that younger generations… I’m in my late forties so I think younger generations are faster than I in manipulating and understanding technology. But there is nothing 4 �that has been… I mean software or apps like Zoom or, um, TeamViewer take a little bit of a while to install but it’s not too difficult. Now if we’re talking about hosting websites or that level of things I would like to be faster. I think it’s faster if… but I haven’t taken any class. I would have to take a class to be more efficient with websites or understanding commercial platforms to put them to work. Um, dropship platforms that I’d like to work with and understand better. Those are my difficulties but that’s less technology it’s mostly software, um, and programming. Interviewer: Ok. So if you were to answer what you were missing in order to complete these… learning how to use programming to your advantage whether it is in business or just creating a website you think you’re missing education in terms of classes or someone teaching you how to program? Interviewee: Yes. Yes, definitely. Interviewer: Ok. Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? Interviewee: No Interviewer: How so? Interviewee: I usually need to call someone that helps me to put together first time. After first time it’s in general easier. Um but not on everything I think that, um, if you are asking about hardware, like technology related to iPhones and all of that I think installing isn’t a big deal. However in terms of software and programming it’s different as I mentioned. That’s a different world but I would like to know more about it. Interviewer: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Interviewee: Um… I cannot answer that question but I can answer saying it depends on how… how good is that person in administration and becoming a leader in that industry. That is what makes the difference professionally. There are many professionals that world for big, big companies, but um, it depends what they want. Is that what you’re asking about? Digital professionally? Interviewer: If I just said the word “digitally literate” to you what would that mean? If I were to describe someone as digitally literate? Interviewee: A programmer. Interviewer: A programmer? Interviewee: Yeah Interviewer: And would you consider yourself digitally literate? Interviewee: Absolutely not. 5 �Interviewer: Why not? Interviewee: Because it is like having a vacuum or a dishwasher in a house. You know how to operate it basically but you don’t know how to put it together or disassemble it. Interviewer: So in order to from someone to be digitally literate by this metaphor you would need to have a basic understanding of how the dishwasher works on a technical level. Interviewee: If you said a digitally literate person I’m assuming it’s someone that for sure is capable to put together programs or build programs. And it depends if one thing is hardware and another is software for sure. Interviewer: Yeah. Absolutely. So finally is there anything else you would like me to know? And is there anything I did not asked but I should’ve asked in your opinion? Interviewee: Um let me think… I don’t know how important this is but what makes me quite uncomfortable as a user is that even though it’s user friendly most of us we have to hold it in our hand or run with it… Everything is still done by hand. It’s difficult to carry so what many people do is just be handy and in that sense I don’t see the technology so involved I don’t even know how we could supply that. Probably with the watch? But it doesn’t seem like even that is taking over for the phone itself. Interviewer: So if I hear you clearly you are saying that you wish digital technologies were in a format in which you didn’t have to literally hold the phone you could just wear it or have it on your wrist? Interviewee: Exactly, exactly. I don’t think that watch… the iPhone watch or whatever it is I don’t think it’s taking over for the phone itself as of now. Interviewer: And by taking over you don’t mean… you don’t think… Interviewee: It’s not replacing the iPhone. The iWatch is not replacing the iPhone for sure. Interviewer: And you would like to see it replace the phone? Interviewee: Yeah to make it more comfortable as well. I’m worried about radiation as well. Interviewer: Ok. Interviewee: Radiation is one, holding it is another one, and uh, stress, um I can see it makes you anxious at all times to have the world in your hands. It’s tiring sometimes. Interviewer: Do you think that’s because of the actual fact that you’re holding a phone or do you think that’s because of the nature of digital technology inherently? 6 �Interviewee: I think it’s because of the nature of technology. Also because of the lack of legislation in terms of what is allowed and what’s not. So it’s not… so if there’s not legislation about the, uh, age of the people that should be having technology and if there’s not legislation to the point that there is on TV so in the end of the parent doesn’t put… doesn’t put some restrictions on what to watch for the child the government is behind while in Europe it seems to be… IN Europe and Asia they are more aware of the constant stress and, uh, that it can cause. SO they are instead taking over in their hands and manipulating the information that is distributed. Interviewer: Thank you so much! Interviewee: Thank you! 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Ana-Natalia Epstein Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Fatima (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 7 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Massachusetts, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Quito, Ecuador Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Ecuadorian Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Latina Occupation Investor, Entrepreneur Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Spanish, English Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an Ecuadorian Entrepreneur on Her Personal and Professional Use of Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #7 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Fatima*, who is interviewed by Ana Natalia. Fatima, a Ecuadorian woman born within the age range of 1965-1970, is an entrepreneur and start-up consultant in the Boston area for companies started by women. She is also the mother of three children. Ana Natalia is a first year student at Oxford College of Emory University from Wellesley, Massachusetts. She is a neuroscience major with an interest on studying digital technology’s effect on the brain. The intent of this interview was to understand the role of technology in the life of someone who did not grow up with digital technologies such as they are now. Furthermore, Ana Natalia wanted to explore the ways in which technological literacies are learnt and/or developed over a long period of time. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Ecuadorian entrepreneur pre-1980 birthdates https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/5e76e4441e75bf9806acd72ae4df62de.pdf 1ff0276b9fdde4f7b48790e025898d9b PDF Text Text An Interview with a Self-Described Digitally Literate First-Year College Student Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #3 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction: This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Marie*, a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is from Georgia. The interviewer is Ana Natalia, a fellow classmate of Marie’s that attends the same university and is from Wellesley, Massachusetts. The purpose behind her interview is to understand the patterns of digital technology usage among peers who grew up in the emerging age of digital technology. Additionally, her goal for the interview was to practice engaged interview skills. *Pseudonym Transcript: Interviewer: Hello. Interviewee: Hello! Laughter Interviewer: So… Okay. So in this interview I'm going to take you on... I'm going to ask you to take me on a guided tour, um, of whatever digital device you brought that’s particularly significant for you or maybe that you use routinely. Um, so your mobile phone, uh, desktop, computer, laptop, etc, etc. Uh if the device enables it I’d like you to review records of your activities during the past month. This can include calendar entries, text messages, phones calls, emails, websites, or social media interactions, uh and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. Um you can decide what to comment on or what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so also please don’t share information about anything illegal um or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Please do not… Please do not mention the names of other people, um, you can just refer to them as whatever role they play in your life. So coworker, family member, um, or acquaintance. Alright. So before we begin do you have any questions? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Ok. Alright. And do you mind if I take a photo of your device? Interviewee: Not at all! Interviewer: Are you doing your phone? 1 �Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Ok. Laughter. I’m trying to get this without a shadow here. Ok. Interviewee: Beautiful. Interviewer: Uhm so... Could you tell me why you chose this device? Interviewee: So I’m on my phone a lot. I’m, like, generally what people consider to be, like, you know, millennials are obsessed with their phones, like, I hate that stereotype but also it definitely applies to me so I can’t be that mad at it. I use it, like, for work, like, I use it for any activities I’m involved in. I don’tlike anything I can do on my phone I do before anything else, so, it didn’t even really make sense to choose anything besides my phone because, like, I don't use anything else all that often. Interviewer: Alright that’s fair. Um and so if you use your phone… you say you use your phone pretty often. What apps do you usually use or is there a certain function that you use more than others? Interviewee: Um.. so this is going to get real weird. Interviewer: Laughter. Ok. Interviewee: So I have a Tumblr and it's 100% anonymous no one knows who I am but I am on that a lot. That takes up a lot of my non-school time. I also- so I play piano in my church's band I'm like the keyboardist or whatever and so um all my like planning, all the music that I do the notes that I take about the music that I'm playing are all on my phone because it's easier and I can look at it while I'm playing, um, so I do that a lot. Um texting my family is a big one and then like all of my school stuff is also on my lovely canvas app. So… I… so there's that too so basically any activity that takes up a lot of my time ends up somewhere in here. Picks up phone. Interviewer: Right. Um so as I hear, like, you kind of use these apps to maybe plan sometimes coordinate and maybe record your activities? Do you use any, um, maybe with your band, do you use any apps to record your activities? Interviewee: Not record my activities um there's a record of, like, who is playing what days or what songs we’re doing but it doesn't necessarily... It's more me getting the record rather than making one myself if that makes sense. Interviewer: Alright, yeah, absolutely. Um and so just based on what you see on your device, uh, what are your main activities? Interviewee: Um so… at least in my app suggestions it's Tumblr messages oh and I use this app called Musi for… to listen to music because I don't want to pay for Spotify so I use that a lot and then… Planning Center which is the app that has all of my music on it and stuff. 2 �Interviewer: And which of those that you just mentioned are most significant to you? Interviewee: Sighs. It kind of depends on what context. Um, if we're talking, like, in a more professional context definitely Planning Center. I would probably actually die without that app because it has all ofeverything that I need to know on it. Messages is also a big one I'm not a huge texter but, like, people will send me texts so that I know what's going on, where I need to be, if there's anything interesting going on with them so that's a big one. And then I am on Tumblr a lot just out of like when I'm just not doing anything or I need something to kill brain cells I’ll just scroll through. Interviewer: Do you use it- do you find that you use it for entertainment mostly or do you use it for selfexpression or maybe a combination of the both? Interviewee: So both mainly. I’m very big on, like, social justice, racial politics, feminism, all of that lovely millennial stuff. So my Tumblr is heavily… aggressively dedicated to that. I also have... I also have a side blog that's dedicated to, like, a particular TV show that I enjoy and it's like, you know, analyzing characters and different things like that so… yeah that's like the entertainment part but it's also kind of a job at this point because I'm one of the main mods so I'm responsible for providing contact forthis sound so weird- my followers? They don't even know who I am but it's part of my job... that I'm not getting paid for. Interviewer: That’s cool though! Do you find that... You refer to it as a job so is it something that you feel a responsibility to continue and that's why you do it or do you genuinely enjoy it and that's why you do it? Interviewee: So I do genuinely enjoy it. It's mostly like a humor blog and I use it to take a break from my main blog which is all about politics because politics are stressful. So I do enjoy doing it a lot that's why I started doing it. I do feel, like, a certain responsibility to maintain it and actually have not been real awesome with that since the school year started. But, uh, but mostly it's an entertainment thing. It's a fun thing that I and a friend of mine do and so, and so… We just- that's how- I don't know I just enjoy it. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Um so… you mentioned a little bit about some of the patterns you might do on Tumblr I'm assuming some of those patterns may include, like, updating this blog or scrolling through other blogs. But do you notice any patterns in your activities and the role your device plays in them? Interviewee: So there’s, like, a very big divide between, like, my- the life that people know about and my more private section. So like nobody in my life knows that I even have a Tumblr let alone that I run a social justice blog or a blog dedicated to this particular TV show so that's very separate from everything else. Also a lot of the browsing I do on my phone is like in incognito mode not necessarily because I need to hide it but I just am not big of leaving records of myself wherever I've been so there's that. And then on the other hand there's things like messages, and Instagram, and Planning Center even where everyone can see what I'm doing and it’s all, like, but it's nothing super personal or important or anything like that. So I guess that's a big pattern. 3 �Interviewer: Yeah! And are there any important, um, activities that are not reflected in the information on your device and if so which ones? Interviewee: Mmm... I don’t… I don’t know really. Pretty much everything that I do there’s some record of it whether it's like texting my friends and telling them I'm going to be at this place or, like, teaching in church and at least my schedule is on even if nobody knows exactly what I'm doing on there, so, there's a lot of that. I don't know if there's any- I mean I guess like a lot of my time that I'm not on my phone or working is dedicated to, like, just hanging out with my family and that's kind of like- it's not a hard-andfast rule- but it's kind of like a no phone situation. We’ll, like, watch movies or play cards or something like that so that takes up, like, a lot of my time. Actually yeah so there... every Sunday or at least before I started coming to school um my family and another family that were really close would get together and just do dinner every Sunday and we would play games and they have like, um, I used to babysit their kids. They're pretty young the oldest ones like six and the youngest one is almost one so they're really attached to myself and my brother and sister and so we would, like, hang out with them a, like, cook a lot of good food and that kind of thing so that was a big part of my life. It still is really I still go as much as I can but um there's not really any record of it I would say because like all of my friends know that every Sunday that's where I'm going to be and again it's kind of like a no phone situation so. Interviewer: Is that “no phone situation”, um, both during the Sunday dinners and also maybe when you're spending other times with your family during the week, um, did that arise out of a time when you really were attached to your phone and would be with your family and not be able to put it down or was it just something that you guys had all decided from the get-go, like, this needs to happen? Interviewee: No, it's not even something that we really ever talked about. It's just that nobody really brings their phone and so then it would be more of a... a divergence from the norm if we did it's not like anything- like we never discussed, like, you can't have your phone cause it's not a rule and we use your phone still for work or if somebody texts us or anything like that but, you know, in these times it's just expected that you, you know, participate in conversation and you play the game or whatever we're doing so that kind of thing. Interviewer: And do you think that there's something to be said about... how you interact with people with your phone versus without your phone and that's why you don't use your phone? Interviewee: I don’t know… Um... I would say there's not a huge divide between with or without. I mean, I guess the real conversation would be, like who I'm interacting with because if I’m, like, talking to my family or whatever, I guess I mean that's not necessarily true but a lot of times 50/50 when I'm talking to my family it'll be in person or even over a long phone call but not as often as we just hang out. I was homeschooled for my whole life basically. Interviewer: Oh wow! Interviewee: Oh, yeah. Surprise. Laughter So if you ever wonder why I'm so awkward... 4 �Interviewer: No! You’re not awkward at all. Laughter Interviewee: Um, but, it just meant that I spent a lot of time at home. I did like, I had friends and I did clubs like I had activities and things like that but a lot of my time was spent just at home and if I did homework I was at home or, you know, whatever. So I just grew up talking to my family face to face even when I got my phone, like, it was weird to not be speaking to them face-to-face and this other family that were close to there as close as my family so that rule kind of ended up applying to them as well. With my friends, like, we just use whatever: we talk in person, we talk on the phone, we FaceTime, we text, whatever. Um, but mostly if I'm with this select group of people it will mostly be in person or 50/50. Interviewer: That's very interesting. So you kind of did go into this but, um, the apps on your phone or programs if there are any specific ones, um, which do you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: Just regular iMessages is a big one I'm not. Sighs. I’m a horrible horrible texter at the moment I have 398 unread text messages. Interviewer: So you would Define being horrible at texting by... Interviewee: I just don't check them or respond? Interviewer: Okay... Laughter. Interviewee: I just- like unless it’s like, if it’s like a more professional thing then I’ll check those but, like, my friends and I are all in a group chat and, like, the group chat’s been going on for, like, three years, and sometimes I don’t have time to check all of the messages. And they’re all almost the same thing and so I just. 398 text messages. I’m also… I use my email a lot. Also bad at that: I have 10,927 unread emails. Interviewer: Laughter. Interviewee: Yeah. I’m just not awesome at, like, checking my notifications. I don’t even know how many unread DMs I have… I just- I don’t even remember what the question was. The short answer is that I’m horrible at responding to people. Yeah. Interviewer: Right. So do you find that… So the question was do you- what programs of apps do you use to communicate with other people. So in that case, do you consider messages communicating with other people? Interviewee: Yes, because I do when it’s, like, important. Um… communicate… yeah messages or just like my phone calls if… well really that’s just about it. I did used to use snapchat a lot, I used to use Instagram DMs a lot I don’t that much anymore but that used to be a big part in my life. Now it’s mostly just texts. I think Interviewer: Ok. Sorry I just need to… turn an alarm off. So do you notice any patterns in your communication and the role, then, that your device plays in that? 5 �Interviewee: I mean, for someone that is as attached to my phone as I am you’d think I’d be a better responder but I’m not. Interviewer: Laughter. Interviewee: So a big pattern is that I’m not real often at responding to messages. Um… I don’t know a lot of my conversations are to my family or just out of necessity. So, like, it’s either some professional context (my boss, something for church, whatever, my job), um or its my family. And then, like, a couple of select friends that I text a lot. So that’s about it. And then phone calls same deal. It’s just my family, a few people I’m really close to, or anything that's absolutely necessary. So that’s about it. Interviewer: Um and how do you decide which mode of communication you choose to use over another when talking to different people? Interviewee: I mean… So, like, I have a Snapchat. I used to be really attached to it but I kind of dropped off it but I have it because there’s one very big group chat of my friends that’s still on Snapchat. So, like, in certain respects it just depends on what mode of communication starts first. We started using Snapchat first so we just… stayed there. Um… But everywhere else is just messages, mostly. It just- no matter who I’m talking to pretty much I’ll text them or call them. Interviewer: And um… What important interactions with people are not reflected in the information on your phone? Interviewee: Yeah I- I mentioned, like, that we go to these Sunday dinners and we hang out with this family a lot. And a lot of that is… In fact a couple weeks ago- we do this every year- we go to this, like, big cabin that’s in, up in north Georgia and spend, like, three days or so and there is no service in the cabin so that makes it a “no phone situation”. Interviewer: I see. Interviewee: And that’s a more hard and fast rule cause it wouldn’t even matter if you did bring your phone, there’s just nothing to do about that. Um we also go… we have a lot of, like, weird traditions. We go apple picking every year, that happens to be in the middle of a forest, so, same deal, no service. Um, or, like, just anything like that. So, um, a lot of the interactions we have with them are, like, in person basically. Um, like, hanging out with my friends, I just- we just don’t- it’s not recorded in my phone at least. I mean, I use my phone while it’s happening but you wouldn’t be able to tell from what you were doing. Um, that kind of thing. Interviewer: Ok. Um, so, I’m going to ask you a few questions about places and how they relate with your phone. Um, so I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of places you went during the month. So, for example, maybe that will be, um, records of places in your calendar, if you have, like, a mapping application such as Google Maps or Waze, um, location services on your phone, anything like that? 6 �Interviewee: Um so I do- I use just regular apple maps if I need to get somewhere, um, you wouldn’t really be able to tell where I’ve been because it’s almost all, like, places I’ve just looked up to see, like, how far away they are and that is almost entirely food so it’s like: Panera, Taco Bell, Starbucks, pizza, etc. Um, but, I don’t really go anywhere besides home and church and school so I guess, like, you know, like, I don’t know if you know like when you turn on maps it says like “marked loca-” or like “favorite location” or somewhere and it’s like home and then it takes- it can navigate me to my church- not that I need it, I know how to get there- and then school. So that, I mean I guess that’s about it. I- I do have location services on, I don’t know how to use it which is why I never turn it off, but, like, my family are all in- we’re what’s considered “friends" on an iPhone which basically means, like, if my dad’s at work I can basically track him and find out when he’s coming home or whatever. Um and they like to know where I am just to be sure that I’m safe, so that I guess is one of the bigger things but other than that not really any… any particular locations. Interviewer: Ok. Um, so do you use any- so you said that you used the maps to, like, navigate/ discover a location for food, um, do you know if you have any apps that, like, track your movement other than… Interviewee: I mean I hope not? Laughter. I don’t think I do. I wouldn’t even know what that would be though. I don’t know. Interviewer: Alright. And, um, do you have- have you noticed any patterns in, like, places you visit or movement from place to place? Interviewee: The pattern is I don’t like the dining hall. Interviewer: Laughter. Interviewee: So I leave campus as much as possible. Um, yeah. And, like, on Sundays my friends and I will leave after church and go to lunch so, like, that's a big part of our, like, interactions and so it’s usually like one of us googling- me cause I’m the fastest- googling like where we can go to eat or wherever has the shortest wait time, that kind of thing. Um, but I think that’s about it. That I know of at least. Interviewer: Ok. What um… How did you first learn to navigate to new places? Did you learn on your phone or did you learn in some other way? Interviewee: No… Um.. I have a pretty good sense of direction already so, like, a lot of places that I would go a lot, like we had this one friend’s house that, like, we were there all the time so I learned how to get there pretty quickly. I guess just by watching- I’m not big on street names or anything like that and then, my home town is so small so all the street names have, like, the same name or close to that. So the street names wouldn’t even matter that much if I knew them. So with that said, yeah normally I learned to navigate pretty easily even before my GPS came and then, like, once I started using my GPS a lot to go to places like, if I was going to a new job, or coming here, like, I would use my goo- my um… Interviewer: Google maps? 7 �Interviewee: Yeah, apple maps um to get wherever I was going but then I picked it up pretty quickly so then I would stop using it. So… I guess just by watching. Interviewer: Ok! Yeah. Fair. Laughter. And… are there any important places or navigational practices that are not reflected in your information that’s on your phone? Interviewee: Mmm… I don’t think so. All of the places that I, like, that I go to a lot or that are pretty important to me, like, come up as, like, favorite locations in my phone so you can pretty much tell where i go a lot just by- just by looking through my favorites. Um but so I think pretty much everything is, like, marked down I guess. Interviewer: Ok. Um so I am going to move on to medias, the last section. Um so I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of medias you’ve used during the past month. And for this section I’m interested in, like, any social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, games, um, or movies that you’ve listened to or watched or played. Um or that you yourself have created or many distributed. Um so… and based on what you see on your device what apps or programs do you use most to access or produce media? Interviewee: Um we already established that I’m on Tumblr a lot. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um… another big one I guess would be Instagram. I- my Instagram is like- it's the part of social media that I’m most involved with that people know about. So um it’s just like, you know, pictures of my friends and I any time something interesting happens and I’ll post about it but not, like, not on a day to day basis or anything like that. In fact I don’t think I’ve posted since the school years started. Oh well. Um… so that’s a big one. I watch YouTube a lot, just like, as entertainment for, or when I need a mental break from whatever I’m doing. I started binging a bunch of TV shows on, like, the shadiest websites online, um, so, you know, things like that. That’s about it I think. I have, like, I have Netflix, but I don’t know how to get it on my phone or TV- I mean I guess I can figure it out, but it’s just easier to stream whatever I want so that’s mostly what I do. Interviewer: Do you feel pressure to post on your Instagram? Interviewee: Yeah, not- I mean, once in a while I think, like, oh people are going to think I dropped off the face of the planet or whatever, but, like, I mean, everyone that I’m super close with I see a lot in person so I’m not super stressed out about it. And I’m not really big on Instagram I don’t have a lot of followers. Interviewer: So you were talking about how you started using digital technologies you said had the computer when you were, um… 8 �Interviewee: Right I had the computer when I was really young and then my phone later on. Some apps and things Im still king of trying to learn how to use. I’m not super- like- I just do what I need to do on them and so if there’s like a lot of other options I’m not usually looking into them because I just don’t care that much. But, I don’t know I think that’s about it. And then some things just, like, I feel like are just common sense. Interviewer: So you established that you, um, think- you consider yourself digitally literate. Was there a moment where you were, like, alright I’m- I’m here I made it. Right? Or Was there a process of learning to be digitally literate or was it just a product of your environment growing up? What… what are you thinking? Interviewee: Um, I think it was definitely a product of the way that I grew up especially being homeschooled, like, I had to become digitally literate very early because it was a lot of my exposure to the outside world, it was a lot of my education, it was a lot of my xyz. Um, I also think that there was, I don’t know, a period when I was, like, 8-11 maybe where I realized that my parents were referring to me and my brother more, like, in terms of, like technology questions, you know, instead of me having to ask them, “How do I turn the TV on or change the channel?” it became the other way around. So, I think that was one of the bigger markers. I also, in my church, I’m referencing this a lot I’m now realizing, in my church I-uh I used to be, I still am really, I used to be… like I worked in the technological department of our children’s ministry. So I was in charge of putting up sounds, lights, that kind of thing. And, um at a young age there happened to be not enough children to do it so they ended up pulling me into that program at a very early age so that was when I was, like, ten when I should have been eleven or twelve. Um so that kind of thing I learned to do that- to use those technologies very quickly, I had to, so that I think was another period I think when I started learning more about technology and just things that it could do. Interviewer: So correct me if I’m wrong but it seems like you feel like, in our words, you had to learn certain technologies because the adults around you were kind of relying on you to have learned them? Interviewee: Yeah. Exactly. I just- I don’t know. If I reference that I knew something they would just assume that I knew something else. Again, my habit was just to look it up and I just gained more knowledge through the cycle of just asking questions and answering the question. So I- because of the necessity of people around me, the church, in my family, wherever, even my friends, I just had to become digitally literate more earlier than most people I think. Interviewer: Do you think that process of having to just look it up or naturally just kind of looking it up change the way you learn now? Interviewee: Yeah I think so. We were talking about (are we allowed to reference our class?) Interviewer: Yeah Laughter Interviewee: We were talking about a certain kind of learning- and I can’t think of the name right nowbut it’s basically where you learn something like you’re okay with just surface learning or just the core- 9 �quickest answer. And because a lot of my digital questions were like, um, we had, like a deadline (I mean I had to learn tech in church early because they needed me, I had to learn how to change the channel because my parents wanted to watch TV) that kind of thing I just learned to look for the quickest answer. And so even now in my, like, researching and things like that I don’t find myself turning to, like, scholarly articles, or like, any deeper text as I just- I do Google Scholar or that kind of thing so I do think it’s had a profound possible negative effect on my learning but I- I get it done faster so there’s that. Interviewer: Yeah well you get it done faster so that seems to be kind of a… a theme I guess. How fast you can learn things. Interviewee: Exactly. Interviewer: Um, is there anything you’d like me to know? Is there anything I didn’t ask that you think I should have? Interviewee: I don’t think so Laughter Interviewer: Alright Interviewee: Awesome Interviewer: Thank you! Interviewee: No problem! 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Ana-Natalia Epstein Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Marie (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford, GA Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Florida, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity African American Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Nanny, Library Assistant Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 7 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Self-Described Digitally-Literate First-Year College Student Description An account of the resource Interview #3 - Post-1980 Birthdate This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Marie*, a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is from Georgia. The interviewer is Ana Natalia, a fellow classmate of Marie’s that attends the same university and is from Wellesley, Massachusetts. The purpose behind her interview is to understand the patterns of digital technology usage among peers who grew up in the emerging age of digital technology. Additionally, her goal for the interview was to practice engaged interview skills. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English African-American Apple college student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/b1c47d0a4f57820b272fb1012b17e9a7.jpg 671b1647a94ab9057eadfb5a0f12b6de https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3ede8f0c9f0071bdca3adf9aeb2acdc9.pdf 6ace21487af012ffa5a472689efa69be PDF Text Text 1 Interview with an Asian Manager of an Insurance Company About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #3 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 8, 2018 Introduction This interview is conducted on October 8th via the Internet. The interviewee is an Asian female who works in a Chinese insurance company. She was born around 1975-1980. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies. Transcription A: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your phone, your laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of the other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions? W: No. A: Do you mind showing me a picture of your device and give me permission to take a screenshot of that device? W: This is my device. A: Could you tell me why you chose this device? W: Why I chose my cell phone? Two words: too convenient. A: Having everything on your cell phone, right? W: Everyone's contact information is on the cellphone. Now the mobile phone has nearly all the function I needed, and it is very easy to carry. A: Cell phones are indeed smaller than PCs. �2 W: Indeed. A: To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example, or in a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media. And if any, what do you use to plan something, coordinate, or record your activities? W: I have an App called Wonder List. I use this App mostly for listing work tasks and deadlines. The user interface of this software is very simple, without ads, so I like to use it to record my work-related things. I can also highlight some of the most important tasks and review my past records after finishing them. A: So, you use Wonder list to record your work tasks. Do you use any other Apps or programs for your personal to-do list? For example, attending a display or hanging out with friends? W: I don’t put short-term activities on my list. My friends and I usually don’t plan to go to any activities. We just usually run into some show or display by chance. We don't do long-time planning. When we want to meet, we just gather together immediately. So, there is no need for the to-do list. However, for long-time activities like traveling with my family, I would put on my Outlook Calendar, reminding me to finish my task ahead and leave e-mail to co-workers. A: So, let’s move to another part. In this part, we are going to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. Like communications with other people through e-mail, messages, and phone calls. And please provide roles and relationship names. Okay, the first question is what Apps or programs you use to communicate with other people. W: The App I used most frequently is WeChat. A: Indeed! Chinese people like to use WeChat. W: I also used QQ and e-mail. A: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? Do you use particular modes of communication for particular people? W: I have several different e-mail accounts. I have a company e-mail to contact coworkers and deal with work tasks. To communicate with friends, I usually use QQ email. I also use 163 e-mail to sign up membership in different Apps and receive ads. A: So, is there any important interaction with people not reflected in information on your device? W: I use my cell phone for nearly all the connections. Only when I need to edit and send documents or slides to other people, I will use my PC. Although my mobile phone allows �3 me to edit all the documents and PowerPoints, I still found it more convenient to read and edit on a larger screen. A: So, now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what record you have of the places you went during the past month. And especially on your calendar or mapping application like Google Maps. So, did you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations for the past month? W: I used Baidu Map when searching for new places. According to records, I have been to the Northeastern part of China like Ha’erbin and the Western part of China like Xinjiang. I always mark places I went to on Baidu Map. A: So, because you travel for business meetings very often, do you allow apps to track your movement or permit “Location Services” all the time? W: I think the permission of location for apps like Baidu Map is very necessary when I search for places, and because I don’t want to waste time to give permission each time I use the app, I usually just open the Location Services all the time. I don’t think giving permission to Baidu Map will expose privacy. A: How did you first learn to navigate new locations? Did you read physical maps and memorize landmarks? W: I usually use Popular Reviews, [an App similar to Yelp], to search for restaurants and places of interests when navigating new locations. A: In the last section I would like to you ask you to Look through your device to see what record you have of the media you used during the past month. Something like social media, posts, texts, Photos music videos or anything you have read or listened to, watched or that you have created and distributed. W: I usually use VUE - movie & video editor to record and edit videos. This App allows me to shoot videos with different filters and support video stitching and editing. I used this to function to organize my video based on the timeline. A: How about your access to media? W: I use Weibo most. And I also downloaded TikTok this month because all my friends were using this App. But I found the videos very boring, so I plan to uninstall it. I saw a lot of high school students really enjoying videos on this platform. But I did not enjoy the jocks or funny moments of the younger generation. A: What are some ways for you to store your media? Did you store them in your cell phone or upload them to the Cloud. W: After selecting, I usually upload some of my pictures, emails, and videos to the Cloud. Because the memories of my cell phone are limited, I usually upload big-size files to Baidu Cloud Pan. I can easily have access to my previous files on this App. It’s also very convenient to retrieve the previous file if I lose my phone or computer. �4 A: So, tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. W: I never mark my locations in my photos that I uploaded on any social platforms. I only allow the map software to locate me, but I will not publish my location on the public platform. A: For security concerns? W: Definitely. Also, I will feel very uncomfortable that there’s a chance that everyone could know my position if I mark the place and upload it to the social platform. A: What important media are not reflected in information on your device? W: For the past month, I watched TV a lot. I enjoy watching TV series on larger screens. Oh, I also went to the cinema several times. A: So, in this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. The first question is how you started using digital technology and whether you found the relationship changed over time. W: I rely more and more on mobile phones. I can do everything in real life just by clicking some bottoms on my cell phone. When the phone was not so smart, the electronic device I used most is the computer. When smartphones have more and more functions and recreational features, all my contacts are on the phone. I found that I used Apps like WeChat all the time and I could barely live without them. A: You told me a lot about what you have achieved by using your cell phone. Among these activities you have described so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? W: Right now, I think most of them are not difficult for me to get started because most of them are designed to open to the public and to make a good experience for general people. However, when I first have iPhone 4, my first smartphone, it still took me several days to get used to the system. It was a completely different product. The phone I had before did not have such a big screen. iPhone 4’s user interface was built around the multi-touch screen, with a virtual keyboard. I had no idea how to download Apps and how to use the virtual keyboards. After I got familiar with the system and user interface, I found that I have no problem using later iPhone products like iPhone 7 or the latest iPhone X. A: Have you ever thought about why you could use the following new products without encountering any difficulties? W: It’s probably because the systems are quite similar. Although with some improvement, I still use the same way to discover their new functions. A: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? �5 W: I want to learn computer programing and be able to write code. I have always wanted to learn, but I gave up. I was considering learning it again. A: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? W: I did not experience any difficulties when using digital devices for personal life, at least right now. But for bank programs like the confidential information control program, I found it very complicated because it required me to finish many procedures for each client. A: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? W: I don’t know. I am not sure what does digital literacy mean. We don’t use this word in China. But I think the ability to analyze the information they attain form the Internet is very important for someone defined as having digital literacy. I think someone who is curious about new technologies and who is interested in and can access these products could be considered digitally literate. For example, one of my friends bought almost every new product from Apple and other brands to discover and review features and improvements in new products. I think he is digitally literate. And also, those who are digitally literate also analyze the trends of digital technologies and media. For example, they can find business values in new media platforms and digital technologies. A: Thank you for your time. Enjoy your week. W: Thank you, you too. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview A (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed W (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 5 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Sichuan, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Sichuan, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1975-1980 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Eastern Asiatic Mongolias Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Staff Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 17 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. N/A Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an Asian Manager of an Insurance Company About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #3 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This interview is conducted on October 8th via the Internet. The interviewee is an Asian female who works in a Chinese insurance company. She was born around 1975-1980. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Cellphone Chinese https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/89aa933ea6b16592223445fd2ea7cc29.jpg bfb26a650ae28c87e09244ddd9e5e9ad https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/bb7fbbe0b06d4c9fe00b868b6c8a9081.pdf a3c71a6ab210d1ca0f4b8f6ea07ea988 PDF Text Text An Interview with a First-Year Chinese Student About Their Experience Using Academic and Personal Apps Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #7 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction This interview is conducted on September 23rd. The interviewee is an Asian female who is a first-year student studying in Oxford College, Emory University. She was born in 2000 and came from China. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies Transcription AG: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your phone, your laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of the other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions? LF: No. AG: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? LF: You can take pictures. AG: Tell me why you chose this device? LF: I chose my cell phone because this is the device I spend most of my time on it and I use it every day, like most of my digital activities happen on my cell phone. AG: So, talking about activities, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what record you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. And especially focusing some APPs or programs. And if any do you use to plan something, coordinate, or record your activities? �LF: Okay. So, the last month, I think there are two Apps I used the most. The first one is Guide Book. Of course, it’s during our orientation, and most of our activities were hosted on Guide Book. So, I could know where I should go and have the activities and speeches [in] orientation. Canvas is literally the App I use the most right now because all the homework and due [dates] are shown on Canvas. And there are calendars which show these deadlines really clearly. AG: So, do you see any patterns in your in your activities? Or the role your device plays in them? Like you use it [as] a reminder? LF: It’s like a reminder. Yeah, I think my patterns are that I check the Canvas every morning and know what I should do for the day. And check it again before I go to sleep to see if I any [assignments] I haven’t finished before the deadline. Yeah, mostly it’s just about studying here. AG: So, is there any important activity that is not reflected in the information on your device? LF: I don’t think so. AG: Okay. AG: So, let’s move to another part. In this part, we are going to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. And please provide roles and relationship names. Okay, the first question is what Apps or programs you use to communicate with other people. LF: I think definitely is WeChat. It’s the App that I think most of the Chinese students use the most. AG: So, what patterns do you notice in your communication, like probably when and how often. LF: I think I often check WeChat whenever I have free time. It’s like a habit. I get used to it and I usually just call my parents every night and have some conversation with my friends. But they are in different places. Some are in China, and some are in San Diego. So, I have to figure out the local time they are in and communicate with them. AG: So, what important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? LF: Important interactions? Yeah, I think I communicate with my professors mainly using PC to write emails. Using the cell phone to write emails is very difficult to do. AG: So, now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what record you have of the places you went during the past month. And especially on your calendar or �mapping application like Google Maps. So, do you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations? Like completely new locations to you. LF: Definitely Google Map. And I also use Yelp when I want to go to some restaurants. Because it's like Oxford College is very far away from many good restaurants, I have to ask some friends to drive me to those places. And for most of the time, I would use Yelp. There is a button I can click it, and it will show me the way to go to the restaurants. AG: So, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit “Location Services”? LF: Well there's a choice that says only Get access to my location When I use this app. I think that is acceptable. But if some apps say that they would track My location all the time. I will feel uncomfortable. AG: So, you usually just turn it off for apps like Snapchat. LF: Yeah definitely. AG: Okay, so what patterns do you notice in the places you visit or your movement from places to places? LF: Well, True Food Kitchen, KFC, Cheesecake Factory. So, I guess all about restaurants. I'm a foodie. AG: So, is there any important place or navigational practice not reflected in the information on your device? LF: Well there is a navigational app. Not app, it's like a device in the car. So, it's like AG: Oh, you mean GPS. LF: Yeah, GPS. So sometimes when it is working really well, I would not use my phone. AG: Okay, so, In the last section I would like to you ask you to Look through your device to see what record you have of the media you used during the past month. Something like social media, posts, texts, Photos music videos or anything you have read or listened to, watched or played. LF: Okay I think media is a Is about the most part I use my phone. And there are a lot of Apps I used like Instagram, Facebook, and also camera photos that kind of staffs. Yeah for most of the time, I would use Instagram to post most of my photos on. AG: So, can you give me Show me examples of media that are especially significant to you, like Movies, photos, or texts. �LF: Examples of media. Netflix. When I came to the United States. I have never used Netflix before, but when I came here, I noticed that Netflix is a really good App and I can search for all the TV series that I couldn’t get access to in China. Or there's like a longtime advertisement before the show. When I use Netflix, there [are] no long advertisements. AG: So, what patterns do you notice in your media use? Like how often or usually when? LF: Well I think I would post Instagram like twice a week. When I go to different places, I [will] take some pictures. AG: Selfies? LF: Yes definitely. For Netflix, I only use it on weekends because I don't have time on weekdays. AG: Next question. What are some ways for you to store your media? LF: I'll just use iPhone for storing photos, and it will show the locations and time for the pictures. I think it's really useful. AG: So, I mean, did you upload something to iCloud? Your photos? LF: No. Not really. Because when I upload a lot of photos to iCloud, it would ask me to pay for it. It just makes me feel very nervous. AG: Okay. So, tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. LF: Well. when I post Instagram photos, I [will] turn up the “Location Services.” But I would not include places like zoos and other public places. However, for most of the time, I would turn off the “Location Services.” AG: What important media are not a reflected in the formation on your device? For example, you might read some newspapers were magazines. Or listen to [the] radio. LF: I read New York Times. It's for my political science class. That's the only media I have access to that are not online. It's online, but I don't have access to it. AG: So, in this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. The first question is how you started using digital technology. LF: So, it's like when I graduated from primary school, most of my classmates were playing computer games. I think it's really fun. It felt like if I didn't use digital �technology, I would be excluded from them. So, that's the time I started to use digital technology. AG: So how has your relationship with it changed over time? You mentioned that you played video games and now you usually use your cell phone. Is there anything that changes it? LF: It's just because, you know, when people grow up, they become busier. There’s no time for video games. And I Noticed that when I use my phone, I use Canva or contact with my classmates and professors, but I do not use it as entertainment. AG: All the activities you have described so far, which was the most complex for you to learn? LF: Complex? I think it's about typing. I mean from the very beginning, when I was young, the typing was difficult. And how to type faster, it takes time and practice. AG: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? LF: I think editing videos. It’s really cool. But I feel it is a very difficult thing for me to do. I'm willing to try to do it. AG: Do you feel you have digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? LF: I think so. AG: Like writing papers or. LF: But, I don't think I use cell phones to write papers, but I definitely use my PC. AG: So, another question. How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? LF: I think someone who spends most of the time reading online and dealing with activities or studying online are digitally literate. I think I am a digitally literate person AG: Can I ask why? LF: When I came to Oxford, all the textbooks were so expensive. So, I literally just bought e-books. I have a lot of reading assignments, and I just do them online. It's superfast. AG: So, is there anything else you'd like me to know or something I didn't ask, but I should have asked? �LF: I think when I come to college, there is something new about how I used digital devices because I have been using my iPad to take notes. I think it's like I also want to save some money from buying those notebooks. My iPad is super convenient. AG: So, thank you for your time for this interview. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview AG (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed LF (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 6 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides United States State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity R Studio, NetBeans (Java) Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a First-Year Chinese Student About Their Experience Using Academic and Personal Apps Description An account of the resource Interview #7 - Post-1980 Birthdate This interview is conducted on September 23rd. The interviewee is an Asian female who is a first-year student studying in Oxford College, Emory University. She was born in 2000 and came from China. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese college student international student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3d66ff617df0cbca3d11816e34e02427.jpg 3751214a256b3df4a8f9f56292d181e4 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/863c884845b4507f7d170878d17f4af6.pdf 114d6dff8947820ec009d3fcde79b7b6 PDF Text Text Interview with a Chinese Engineer About His Experience with Digital Literacy Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #2 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 This is an interview between C and me about the usage of digital technology. C is 53 years old and he lives in China. He uses cell phone frequently in work and life. He chose cell phone as the device he wants to use in this interview. This is an interview conduct through video call. I am the interviewer. I am Carolyn, a student from Oxford College of Emory University. Carolyn: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your mobile phone, laptop, desk computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to look at the record of your activities during the past month, such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, website, and social media interactions and talk to me about it. Especially are the places you go and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what you ignore. And you can decide when to sharing some examples by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Please don't share information about anything illegal, or information that would compromise the privacy of another person and please don't mention the names of the other people. We were referring to their names please name them by dear old rather than their name for example A co-worker or a family member. So, before we begin do you have any questions? C: No. Carolyn: okay do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Can you tell me why you choose this device? C: The brand of my phone is called Huawei, and it is a very popular cell phone brand in China. I chose cell phone mostly because I need to contact. And through my phone, I can search for some information online that I'm interested, and read some articles that I concern. And mostly used it as a camera while I was working. Also, when I'm driving I use it to navigate. Long time ago, well, a few years ago, we have to buy a separate navigator on our car, but for nowadays those technologies are outdated. We mostly use our cell phone and that is mostly we need for the navigating. And also with my phone, I use it to pay money. I hardly bring any cash with me daily. I can transfer money on my card through some Banking apps I can buy stuff that I want. especially those when we use small money or changes, I never bring changes with me but I used to bring a lot of them cuz I need to use them to buy thing. But now you just use your cell phone to control all your money. So, it is really convenient and it is a very essential tool for us. Carolyn: It is true Alipay and WeChat pay in China is really convenient and popular. To start, I'd like to ask you to look through your devices to see records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example or a new to-do list, and invitations to events through social media, or in the journaling app. �What apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate or records activities? C: Yeah, sometimes I need those apps to record or like her to do list, cuz sometimes I forgot what my plans are and I need to look at those apps to see my past records of my activities. Like some very important events, I will record them in my calendar so I can plan things ahead. For example, if I'm attending a wedding of my friend I will records the time just in case I forgot. I will set an alarm to remind me. For example, it will automatically tell me that I need to pay for my credit cards, so that I will not forget and cause some troubles. And to me the most important function in my work is to book ticket. Through my apps, I can look up for flight tickets or highway ticket and I can buy them easily. Carolyn: Based on what you see on your device, what are your most significant activities? C: Well the most important one... I felt there are all important. For the most significant part, I will probably say it helps me keep in touch with others. In business, we are normally busy and I have a lot of people to connect with. Following are some apps those functions in different way likes business or other factors. Well, anyway, I felt phones are so important that we cannot live without it. Carolyn: Okay good. So, the third part is about people. I like to you to look through a device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of who you contacted or contacted you in your phone records, your text messages, or email, your social media interactions, or your video calls. So please provide Rose or relationship names other than people's real name. So, what do you think are the most frequent apps you use to communicate with others? C: I would say in my phone I use WeChat most frequently. I can make video calls with my family, and we can chat and share some anecdotes. For video call I only do it with my family. For my high school or college classmates or some of my coworkers, we have a lot of group chats on WeChat. We all communicate through these group chats. I contact with my family mostly then are my friends and my coworkers. Carolyn: So, do you see any pattern in your communication with others? Like what apps you used to communicate with certain people and what apps you don't use with them. C: What normal is the case that for people that I don't really know I would prefer make a phone call to make it clearer. While for those that I'm already familiar with that I know, gradually people will turn to use WeChat to keep in touch with each other. And I also noticed that I used to use texts a lot, and all the people in the past text each other. But in recent years, people hardly use text messages and they're all replaced by the chat. Unless you don't have their WeChat, you have to contact them through text messages. Carolyn: The Fourth Part is about places. Can you look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past months. for example, you might have records of places in your calendar, in a mapping apps such as Google map in the location service data of your phone, in location-based social media. So, if you can look through your phone what apps or program do you have the records of the places you visited? C: It is my apps for booking ticket. So, through these apps I can see what places I have gone and where I depart from. Carolyn: So, what are the apps you use to navigate? C: I use Baidu Map most, anywhere in my country I use Baidu Map to see medications and see where I'm going. So, I can also track my records of the places I went through it. While sometimes for some privacy issue, I don't let my apps to track my locations. I ban some of the �location services when I first downloading the app. But I've never checked if they really can reach my information or not. Carolyn: This is a bit similar to the next question, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? C: For most of the time I don't want my apps to record this information. But in some case, it seems that if I don't allow these services, these apps just cannot function normally so I have to let it track my movement sometimes. And sometimes unconsciously, you will expose some of your privacy to them. This is also something you cannot control. If you want to use them you have to expose your privacy. Carolyn: The fifth section is about media. So, if you can look through your device to see records you have of the media you use during the past month. I'm interested in social media post, text, photos music, videos, TV shows and movies and games. So, based on what you see on device, what apps or program do you use most or produced media? C: In my phone for most of the time I use websites to read news. I mainly read about what happen in society around us through my phone. Some of the videos or pictures in the news or also the media that I watch. While, relatively, I rarely watch movies. On one hand, it consumes a lot of data and on the other hand I really don't have a lot of time to watch them. While sometimes either from my friends or in the message box in my phone they promote some videos or articles and I watch or read. But those are short videos, not those very long ones. Carolyn: So, have you figured a kind of a pattern of the social media. Like when would you prefer to use them and how do you use different apps in different time? C: Sometimes when I go business, I spend a lot of time reading these articles and doing stuff on my phone, cuz I need to travel by a long distance through cars or trains, and I have a lot of free time. The other one is the lunch break, while I was eating I have some time to use my phone. And also, before I go to bed. Carolyn: Cool, so let's go to the last session, it is about the history of is your device and apps you have shared with me. I'm focusing on how you learn to use them in the way you currently do. How do you start using digital Technologies and how is your relationship with it changed over time? C: Well, I didn't use my cell phone frequently in the past, and we used it only to contact. And gradually with its development over time, it has incorporated so many crucial functions in it that we start to use it in our everyday life. I initially start to use cell phone because its function as a camera. Since I'm an engineer I used to bring camera to the factory to record all the products or equipment produced, and when I find out that phone can also be used to take pictures. That's like the incentive that caused me to buy it at the beginning. And then it started emerging those social media's like QQ which was very popular in China. And nowadays, WeChat become more popular and almost everyone have them to communicate. I also use them to keep in touch with my friend. This is basically the process how I start to use digital Technologies. Carolyn: So, which one of these activities do things to most complex you learn at the beginning? C: Well, complex, it’s hard to say, I don't fear any of these are really that difficult cuz I feel if you really want to learn something you will learn it, as long as you're willing to spend time on it. While the only thing I have never tried so far is to play games on my cell phone. Since I've �had never done this before I might feel this is more difficult, but as I said before nothing is really difficult if you spend time learning it. Carolyn: How do you define a digitally literate person, like those people who are really familiar of these digital technologies and they can employ them really well? C: Well, how to define them. I will say for people that can play with these technologies really easily might be smart in some way, and they cannot be lazy. The reason is that digital Technologies are developing really fast and all the things are changing in a short time, so if a person that are not willing to adapt to new changes, that might be hard for them to get familiar with these new things. Did Minot willing to spend time learning new Concepts. I think for most people that are curious to gain new knowledges they will spend time to learn to use these. Though of course here is the fact that older generations like us are facing more difficulties than those young people. It appears harder for us to actually learn digital technologies. Not like young kids that are born with these devices available for them. Younger people have the advantages of batter adapting to changes. But my point is still if you really want to learn it and you're willing to spend time you will finally be an expert at it. Carolyn: Well it is very true. So, do you think yourself digitally literate? C: Well I cannot say I am an expert, but I am willing to try and learn at least. For me I didn't learn every part of it, I just chose those I think that will be helpful for my lives and works. Carolyn: Okay good. That is basically what it is. Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Carolyn Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed C (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Jiangsu, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Jiangsu, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Engineer Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 25 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Huawei Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Chinese Engineer About His Experience with Digital Literacy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #2 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an interview between C and me about the usage of digital technology. C is 53 years old and he lives in China. He uses cell phone frequently in work and life. He chose cell phone as the device he wants to use in this interview. This is an interview conduct through video call. I am the interviewer. I am Carolyn, a student from Oxford College of Emory University. Chinese Engineer Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/1d6e5fa20df0df1c443e47686b580a30.jpg 81b64e9a685129963fcf38e3a29488c8 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/0feb86c0791d68c3ca13d564237529a0.pdf 750e77f3941b43e5f3231b3637f04428 PDF Text Text Interview with an International Student from India on Her Daily Usage of Her Mobile Device Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #6 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 24, 2018 I am Carolyn and I am a freshman in Oxford College of Emory University. This is an interview conducted in a residential hall on campus. A is my interviewee; she is an international student from India and she is also a college student here. According to her, she uses mobile phones frequently in her daily lives. After I informed her about the content of this interview, she chose her mobile phone as the digital device she wanted to talk about. Transcription of Interview with A Carolyn: Tell me about why you choose this device? A: Um, Okay, so I feel like I just choose my phone because I feel like I use it the most, um, and I carry it around with me, like, almost all the time and everywhere. Um, so that’s why I would describe it as the most significant. Carolyn: Cool, to start, I would like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month, and you might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example, in a to-do list, in invitation to events through social media, or in a journaling app. So, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? A: So, I would say to plan and coordinate my activities I will probably use the calendar map most. Um, mainly because, um, whether it is like someone send me an email, like Gmail or Outlook school related or not, the calendar automatically, like, adds it to its app, And I get like a notification, when that's gonna happen so I think that’s really convenient. And I just use the one on my phone because, like, I want everything to be in one place and since I carry my phone around with me everywhere it seems like the most convenient. So, I use my calendar to set time, um, where I have to do something or places that I have to go. Um, but to sort of record my activities I will probably use Snapchat or some other social media devices or like WhatsApp. Carolyn: So, based on what you see in your devices, which are the most significant to you? A: The apps? Or the activities? Carolyn: The activities doing in the apps, like those apps, which one do you use most? �A: which app do I use most? Um, so I think I would use WhatsApp the most and Outlook, my email the most. Carolyn: So, what patterns do you notice in your activities and the role your device plays in them? A: So, for my activities, umm, any patterns that I sort of think? I think it will only be in terms of whether it is something like messaging, who I want to message and that is sort of determining the app. Like if I want to message my family that I would use WhatsApp because a lot of people in India use WhatsApp, while in US it is not that common. But maybe something like um over here, I would probably use Snapchat, Instagram, and I think the same thing kind of go through like email… If it is school-related I will probably use Outlook, but if not, I usually use my Gmail account. Carolyn: So, what important activities are not reflected information on your device? A: Yeah, I don't think there are any activities that such. Carolyn: Next, I'd like to ask you to look through your device, to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month, so ummm, what do you decide with modes of communication to use over another? which mode of communication to use over another? Like, do you use particular mode of communication to particular situation or people? A: Well, like I said, I would use WhatsApp if it’s someone in India, I would use Instagram or Snapchat if it is not, I will use Gmail Netflix non-academic and for Outlook if it is academic. Carolyn: What important interactions this people are not reflected in information on your device? A: Probably just day-to-day conversations, you know, in the dining hall, or in class that is not really recorded, but those are pretty important. Carolyn: Now, I'd like to ask you to look through your device, to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. So, like what apps or programs if any have recorded the places you visited? A: I think I would be there in Google Maps. I use Google Maps sometimes to navigate from place to place. If I go to my history it says I've gone to Atlanta over the weekend. I went to the Opera House. And an Asian restaurant. So those are probably the places. Carolyn: So, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit your location services? A: Um, no, I don’t. So, the only apps I am aware of that does that is Snapchat, and for privacy reasons, I am in ghost mode and do not allow people to see. Carolyn: Yeah, that makes sense. So how did you first learn to navigate new locations? A: Are you asking before phones came in or after? �Carolyn: After. A: Oh, after? After phones I would just use Google maps. Carolyn: In this last section I'd like to ask you to look through your device, to see what records do you have of the media you used during the past month. So, based on what you see on your device, what apps or programs do you use most to access or produced media? A: I use social media, I use Google, I use YouTube, I use quite a lot of apps to access my media. I think what would be the most significant to me is probably Google. Carolyn: Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? A: Well I don't turn on the location services for most of my apps. Because I just don't think it’s that use for me, and I think for me the cons outweighs the pros. So, that's basically it is at all I do turn on the location for my phone as a whole it's because I thought we take an Uber or something that I need my location, but if not, I avoid it as much as possible. Carolyn: And in this final section, I'd like to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared, and focusing on how you learn to use them in the way that you currently do. How did you start using digital technologies and how's your relationship changed over time? A: So, growing up I didn't really have that much access to digital technology, and something like that, and I started to get access when I was about like 10 sorry 8 years old, and before that is not really a significant part of my life, right now I know for a fact that it's changed quite a bit like I cannot cool anywhere without my phone. How do I start using it maybe because I was influenced by my sister who started using it maybe. I think she taught me how to use it to Google about it. So, that's probably how I started. Carolyn: So, what were the most complex thing for your to learn through these activities on your social media like those digital technologies? A: Wait, specifically to social media or? Carolyn: No, technology. A: Particularly difficult for me... to sort of navigate my way through to research paper to find out information find out information that is really focused on the topic that I want and important, I don't think, I find that kind of hard to do. Carolyn: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? A: Would I consider... Yeah, I do. Ummm, yeah, I do think I'm digitally literate. �Carolyn: How do you think you learnt to be digitally literate? A: How do I learn... Probably through practice, like, initially I feels like my sister who really taught me my Parents who taught me of the basics, but I think as being a curious person, you kind of just want to know more and more, like, if I'm given like a new phone or like a new device I really want to know everything about it, so I think that’s like one of the way, that when I was young I really want to learn more and deeper more, and now I feel like it's relatively easier for me to, you know, to get those digital skills and be digitally literate. Carolyn: if there anything else you would like me to know? A: No, I think that is fine. Carolyn: Good. Thank you. A: No problem. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Carolyn Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed A (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born California, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Indian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 8 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity HTML, Python Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an International Student from India on Her Daily Usage of Her Mobile Device Description An account of the resource Interview #6 - Post-1980 Interview I am Carolyn and I am a freshman in Oxford College of Emory University. This is an interview conducted in a residential hall on campus. A is my interviewee; she is an international student from India and she is also a college student here. According to her, she uses mobile phones frequently in her daily lives. After I informed her about the content of this interview, she chose her mobile phone as the digital device she wanted to talk about. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English college student HTML Indian post-1980 birthdate Python https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/11dd9548cc65559a375ee6f37f7ad97d.pdf 16ed005d5efd1b8f3844633ed7b07f04 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Manager at a Marketing Research Company About His Use of Technology and Proficiency with Coding Languages Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #4 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 8, 2018 Introduction This is an interview about digital device with C conducted by Hongjin Xiang. C is a male born between 1966 and 1970. He currently lives in Shanghai, China, and he was born in Hunan, China. He is a general manger in a marketing research company, and he is proficient with coding languages. Hongjin Xiang is a first-year at Oxford College. She is Chinese, and she comes from Shanghai, China. Her intentions to interview C is to understand his daily activities and relationship with the community surrounded by digital technology. Transcript HX: Hi! This is an interview about your digital device conducted over WeChat by Hongjin Xiang. Dr. Reid is the principle investigator. You may use a pseudonym for confidentiality, a name or a letter will be just fine. C: All right, I can be C. HX: Great! Now the interview begins. First, tell me about why you choose this device. C: My old cell phone, as I tell you, it’s old. Then I bought this new one, and it is the most frequent device I use in my daily life. HX: Now look through your device and see what records of your last month activities you have on it. What apps do you use, and what are your main activities? C: The most common app I’m using is WeChat. Last month I spent most of my time traveling. HX: Cool! Next, look through your device and see what records you have about people who you interacted with last month. What apps do you use to communicate with other people? C: WeChat. This is the most common app used for social communication in the Chinese community. �HX: So, how do you decide which way of communication to use over another? C: Um… For important clients or my parents, I usually call them, as I hope to get more information from voice talking. In other case, I prefer to using WeChat, which is more flexible for my friends to provide feedback. HX: Now, look through your device and see what records you have about the places you went in the past month. What apps have records of the places you visited? C: I use WeChat and Camera to record my daily life. I stored my photos in Baidu Netdisk. HX: What apps do you use to navigate locations? Do you remember how did you first learn to navigate new locations? C: I use Baidu Map in China, Google Map when abroad. In my car, I use Kailide Navigation. My first app is Baidu Map though. HX: Any apps that track your movement? C: Yes, WeChat Sports. HX: Any apps to check in to places? C: No. HX: Any apps to discover new places? C: I often use Dazhong Dianping to discover new places such as restaurants. HX: Cool. Now I would like to ask you about your records of media for the past month on your phone. What apps do you use most to access or produce media? C: WeChat again. HX: What media do you use or create the most? C: Digital photos. HX: Examples of media that are very significant to you? C: Um… Photos to record moment in traveling, such as when I travelled to the U.S. HX: How do you store your media? �C: I store all my digital photos in my PC, as well as Baidu Netdisk. For the photos created by cell phone, I will store them in cell phone at first, and back them up to Baidu Netdisk as well. HX: How do you share media? C: WeChat again and again. HX: Hahaha ok, any strategies for protecting your privacy with using media? C: No at present, but I’m planning to buy a private NAS device, which is like a private cloud device, to back up my private information. HX: Any media not reflected on your device? It’s like you might read newspaper or magazines. C: Yes, radio and TV. HX: Now comes the final part. How did you start using digital technology? How has your relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? C: I started using digital video camera about 18 years ago, as I wanted to record the growing of my daughter. After that, I try to learn digital technology to create electronic album and video editing to generate DVD etc. I enjoyed learning digital technology, as it makes my life more fun and provide happy memories. HX: Aw. Which was the most complex for you to learn? C: It was to create a DVD video, which needs video and audio editing and compression and burning. I have learned software such as Abode premium etc. HX: So, you use them for…? C: Most for recording family life, and sometimes business. HX: When and how did you learn it? C: 15 years ago, from Internet. HX: Any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? C: I wish I had learned the editing and adjusting of RAW format photo generated by my Sony camera. HX: Wow. Why? �C: If I have learned it 3 months ago, I could adjust the exposition curve of the digital photo taken in my daughter’s high school commencement. HX: Aw… What are you missing to learn it then? C: The new RAW format of Sony A7R3 is not supported in light room, and I could not find the driver files for it. HX: Ah… Sounds really complicated. Last question. Do you feel you have enough digital skills in professional context? C: Yes, I think I can. I have good knowledge in computer science and programming. And in the eyes of my friends, I’m often pioneer in using digital device, and interested in learning new technology. HX: That’s very cool! Any other thing you would like me to know? C: No… HX: Ok, then. Thank you so much for doing this interview with me! C: No problem. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Hongjin "Clare" Xiang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed C (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Shanghai, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Hunan, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1966-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation General Manager, Marketing Research Company Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity VBA, C++ Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Huawei Mate 9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Manager of a Marketing Research Company About His Use of Technology and Proficiency with Coding Languages Description An account of the resource Interview #4 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an interview about digital device with C conducted by Hongjin Xiang. C is a male born between 1966 and 1970. He currently lives in Shanghai, China, and he was born in Hunan, China. He is a general manger in a marketing research company, and he is proficient with coding languages. Hongjin Xiang is a first-year at Oxford College. She is Chinese, and she comes from Shanghai, China. Her intentions to interview C is to understand his daily activities and relationship with the community surrounded by digital technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English C++ Cellphone Chinese Huawei VBA https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/f20fdb7eeebe8928bd42986c4cb51c1c.pdf dffa1d9832fcbf306688759ad2633554 PDF Text Text A WeChat Interview About an Individual’s Use of the iPhone X Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #2 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 22, 2018 Transcript HX: This is an interview conducted over Wechat by Hongjin Xiang. Dr. Reid is the principle investigator. You may choose a pseudonym for confidentiality. L: Ok, call me L. HX: Alright, L. Let’s begin. Tell me about why you choose iPhone Xs as your device. L: I choose this device because this is the first thing that comes to my mind. iPhone Xs was officially instock yesterday, and I spent my whole day setting it up. Actually, I was just exploring my new phone. I have iCloud backups, so setting up was just in a few seconds. HX: Good for you. Now look through your device. What apps do you use to plan, coordinate or record your daily activities? L: I mainly use WeChat. I know that it is a communication tool, but it’s the app I use most frequently. You know that you can open a chat box with yourself, right? Basically, I text whatever I need to remember, for example, what to buy in a supermarket, in the chat box. HX: So, what do you have in your chat box? L: Ah… Let me open it. Here it is. I have “bubble tea”, “NBA 2K19”, “FIFA 19”, “Shampoo”, and etc. “Bubble tea” was for my girlfriend, “NBA 2K19” was what I was playing on my Alienware with my classmates recently, “FIFA 19” was to remind myself that the game would come out next week, and I was running out of shampoo, so I went to FamilyMart. HX: Do you see other activities? Of all, which is the most important activity to you? �L: Yes, I play basketball every weekend when I come back from school. I hang out with my girlfriend a lot. There are also some notes for my classes. The most important activity… is probably hanging out with my girlfriend. HX: Makes sense. Are there any activities that you do, but you don’t have it on your phone? L: Um… It’s hard to think of one when it’s not on my phone… Perhaps taking subways? I don’t need to have it on my phone because it is a routine. HX: Great! Next, look at the people who you were involved in during last month. And, you don’t have to give me names, just tell me the relationship between you and the person. What apps do you use to communicate with them? L: WeChat for most of the time. I used to use QQ but not anymore because my friends all use WeChat now. I also call people. HX: So, do you use one mode of communication over another? How do you decide which to use? L: I mainly use WeChat because it has almost all the functions. You can text people and call people. However, when I call my grandma, I don’t call her through WeChat. She sometimes has difficulties with cell phones. Perhaps she’s old. So, I just make a traditional phone call that she can pick it up easily because it will show up on the main screen of her phone. HX: Ok, are there any people you contact, but they are not showed up on your apps? L: Yeah, my teachers. I don’t have their contact information, and it’s really awkward if I have to text them or call them. HX: Next, I want you to look at what places you have been to in the past month. What apps have the record of your locations? Do you have any apps you use to navigate locations, track your movement, and check in to places? If so, what are they? L: Oh… Baidu Map, Keep, and many others. I think many apps require your locations. I turn off the location permission for those apps that I think it is unnecessary to have my locations for both safety reason and battery reason. Let me think… I use Baidu Map to navigate locations, sometimes I use DianPing to �navigate myself to restaurants. I don’t think there’s any app that specifically track my movement. No, wait, actually I think Keep does. When I am running or biking outside, I turn Keep on, and it will show me the map of where I have been to after I finish running or biking. And I don’t check in to places. HX: Ok, look at your Location Services. Do you have it on? L: Of course, otherwise I can’t even use these apps that need my locations. HX: Alright, look at the location history. Are there any patterns in the places you visit? L: Uh… I’m looking at my Significant Locations. I see school and home many times. Shopping malls too. Places I go for meals. And some other places near my school and home… I might randomly walk by them. HX: Cool. How do you first learn to navigate new locations? L: I think I had a map of China when I was little. But I was only reading maps in my dad’s car when my family went on a road trip. It was boring in the car, I guess the only thing I could do was to look at the map of the in-car GPS. HX: Are there any places not reflected on your apps that you have been to? L: I don’t think so. These are all recorded as long as I have my phone with me. Sounds creepy. HX: True… So what other apps you use to discover new places? L: Besides DianPing, I sometimes use Weibo to look up cool places. HX: Next, look at the records of media, such as social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, games, and etc. What apps do you use most to access or produce media? Why do you prefer one over another? L: I can think of WeChat and Steam. For WeChat, I can post or see others’ daily life in the Moments section. I used Instagram for a while, but I no longer use it because it’s blocked, and most of my friends don’t use it at all. We have WeChat, and that is enough. And I use Steam to check latest information of the games I am interested in, even though I cannot play Steam games on my phone. HX: Based on what you see on your device, what media do you use or create the most? �L: Texts maybe. I haven’t post anything for several months. I don’t know what to post. Some posts are like as if the person who posts wants to get attention from everyone. I can’t relate. HX: What are the examples of media that are especially significant to you? And what are the ones that you produce or alter in some way? L: Texts and photos are important. They’re like how I communicate with others and how I record my life. I do photoshop to my friends’ photos. Does that count? HX: Haha, yes. Do you store or share your media? L: Yeah. I don’t clean my chat history because I want to look at it someday. But I don’t like to share my media because I think some are very private. HX: So how do you protect your privacy? L: Uh. On social media, adding me requires my permission. I also set things only visible to myself if I feel it’s necessary. HX: Is there media that is not reflected on your phone? Like reading newspaper, or using other devices. L: I don’t read newspaper! I watch television programs on a TV and play games on my Alienware. HX: Last, I want to ask you how you started using digital technology. How has your relationship with it changed over time? L: I started using them when I was little. I watched TV. As I got older, I got my cell phone and my laptop. I always like to use them. Although my parents had prohibited me to use them for a while, I still feel attached to them because… it’s almost essential to my life. HX: Let me see… Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? L: Yeah. I haven’t met any problems. It was easy. Maybe I’m just good with technology. At school when we have to code, I can complete tasks easily. HX: Ok. Another question: how do you describe someone who is digitally illiterate? L: Ugh… My grandma? Or grandma in general… HX: Well… So, you’re totally not digitally illiterate? �L: Of course not! I always teach myself by going to online tutorials about technology. HX: Is there anything you want me to know? Or anything I should’ve asked? L: No… This is a lot! HX: Alright. Thank you, L! L: No problem. Glad it helps. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Hongjin "Clare" Xiang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed L (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Via WeChat Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 5 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Shanghai, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Shanghai, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 15 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 4 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity Java Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone Xs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A WeChat Interview About an Individual's Use of the iPhone Xs Description An account of the resource Interview #2 - Post-1980 Birthdate An interview conducted over WeChat about "L's" use of technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese college student iPhone iPhoneXs Java post-1980 birthdate WeChat https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/a232607dd1216d0796b2877cd021e32b.pdf de81e35bd7e78b8e8ebb65f862c44ee1 PDF Text Text “I use my phone a whole lot more calendars, order coffee, buy grocery, buy tickets, order food so about everything” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #16 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 28, 2018 Introduction This interview was conducted over the video feature on Facebook Messenger between DC the interviewer and Suzanne Tillman (ST) the interviewee. Suzanne is DC’s aunt and is living in Louisiana while DC goes to Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Suzanne was born between 1980-1985 and is not considered a digital native while DC was born between 2000-2005 and meets most standard definitions of a digital native. Suzanne works in human resources and has a college degree. This interview is part of a larger project whose goal is to examine and compare how technology affects our lives and if generational gaps effect how they are used. Transcript DC: So, for this interview I would like to actually take me on a guided tour of your digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. This could be your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or other device. If this device enables it that I would like you to review records with activities during the past month such as calendar, entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social media interactions. Talk to me about the people you interact with the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don't share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Please don't mention names of other people we referring to other people call them by their role rather than name. Example co-worker or family member-- before we began, do you have any questions? ST: No, I do not. DC: So first off can you tell me why you chose this device. ST: I chose this device because it's the one I use most frequent. DC: So, the first round of questions has to do with our activities on the device to start off. I'd like to ask you to look to your device to see what record you have of activities you are involved during the past month. You might look at records of your activities on your calendar app or a to do list or invitations that were sent to you on �social media. So, what apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate or record activities? ST: So, I use -- let me see if this is google-- I use Google calendar. We use Google Maps to find locations for example this morning to find where to pick breakfast. DC: Okay so like based on what you're looking at. What do you think your main activities are? ST: Oh, my main activities would be text messaging, probably Walmart grocery app, amazon, um Samsung Where for the watch and the bank. DC: If you're looking at your Google Calendar what's your main activities for this month? What does your calendar show a lot of? ST: Bringing my kids to the dentist. That’s on here the most DC: So, you would say that the biggest pattern is stuff for your kids? ST: Yes, and I also put, I periodically work things on here too. DC: So, are there any activities that are important in your life that aren't reflected or your calendars? ST: I'm sure there is, usually put my husband's schedule on here -- some of it is on here and some of its not. So, his work schedule is a on here-- usually days off, when I have to go to court, um what are some other things that are not on here? DC: Okay so next I want you to look through your device and see what records you have with people you've talked to and been involved with this past month so things like text messages, emails, social media messaging, Skypes and Facetimes. So, if you can tell me about which apps you use to talk to people? ST: I use WhatsApp. I've used messenger a couple times. DC: Can you see any patterns in like which one you use more, or would you use them for? ST: I definitely use messages more and phone Definitely as far as work I use Gmail that's usually like during the day the text messages are really probably each morning and night. I would say the phone would be only on the way to and from work is really the only time I'll talk on the phone. DC: So, you can talk about it but is there any other ways you decide on which to use when you want to talk to someone other than if you're driving? ST: I would say ones that are more user friendly so like I've tried messages and I've tried the-- when I got the phone there were three different methods And I've found why, I've found that one, let's see if I can find the other, is going fine the other one I did switch to that one and therefore I think it was Google messages he said. �ST: That is correct. DC: Are there any other communications that you do daily that aren't reflected on the phone? ST: I use a desktop phone. I use a desktop computer and communicate through email. DC: What about talking to your kids and stuff? Can you find anything on that phone or is that mostly not over that? ST: The only time that I talk to them through the phone is through messages-every once in awhile phone. I do have, I can communicate with my son's teacher through the dojo app. DC: So the next part is based on places you've gone. So when you look at records of where you've gone in the past month them like where you go the most like using Google Maps or location services on your phone. Are there any apps on your phone that record where you've gone and what you're doing? ST: Lets see--Facebook does record events near me and also Google Google Map Records location, also Waitr app records my location and Uber. DC: Can you see any patterns in where you've been in where you visit? ST: I would say there is a huge pattern of places eating eating out. DC: Okay so how did you first learn how to navigate new locations? Like, what was your first instance of learning how to drive somewhere new or go new places? ST: I used Google driving. DC: That was the first thing you used? Like in your childhood. ST: There was no Internet. So we--what did we do-- we didn't use a map maybe use the phone book, to get the Address. I'm trying to think what did we use? I would say just maybe the assistance of someone someone else, like a parent or a friend that's been there that's the only thing we could have used DC: Are there any important places that you go normally that won't be reflected by looking at your maps or your Facebook? -------moment of silence to think-------ST: I would say there's places that are not on this, I don't think anywhere that I-everywhere that I go frequently would be on this map. DC: So this is meant to be the biggest section as it is on the next section and is based on media. So I'm interested in your social media posting photos music videos TV shows movies and games that you have on your phone. Anything that you've created or like it on the Internet. It could also be Netflix Google Search History YouTube history or social or any of your social media platforms. So if you look at �your device what apps and programs you use the most for like social media type things? ST: Social media texting? DC: No kind of media like social media in general. (long silence) ST: I would say probably either Netflix or YouTube TV and then Facebook. DC: Okay so are there any social platforms where you create and post things rather than just like watching what other people do. ST: I would say snapchat, But that's not very often maybe once a week. DC: So are there any social media platforms that are really significant to you in a major way? ST: I don't think. I mean I guess Facebook-- you know I'm able to see family. Like what You know people are up to, you know like what I wouldn't see before. Example, My brother that lives in Pearl River like I wouldn't know he just graduated and became a sheriff officer. If it wouldn't be for Facebook so that is significant. DC: So going along with that, Are there any patterns in what social media is you use more than others? So you said you used YouTube and Netflix a lot to do use more video based social media over Instagram and Facebook which is like text based? ST: I would say Facebook over Netflix and TV. DC: Can you tell me your strategy of storing your stuff on your phone like how do you actually keep track of your photos or videos and where social media is? ST: I have been using Google photos. DC: How does that work? ST: Actually has an assistant and the capability to share it, so I can share it with my husband. DC: So is Google Photos like an online drive that is backed up to the internet or is it saved on your phone? ST: It is saved on my phone. Oh you know what? I think it's web based through my e-mail if I'm not mistaken my email address should help signs and we set up our album, like I can do a search over favorite or just search people search Places. DC: So you said that you can send the photos to your husband and everything. Are there any other ways that you share photos or text? Like any type of media with people. �ST: The only way I would share photos with other people would be text messages I guess that snap chat would be--I do e-mail myself. When I need a photo to go to my work e-mail. I Actually share through email. DC: So moving away from would actually use. Can you tell me if you have any strategies for protecting your privacy when you use social media? ST: I have a Verizon security and privacy. DC: What's that? ST: It is powered by Macafee and it does a security scan on my phone and its wifi security. DC: So that protects your device as a whole but specifically on Facebook or things like that. Are there any steps you take to protecting your privacy of stuff you've put out there like Facebook and Snapchat. ST: I do adjust settings to where I share things with only people I'm friends with. DC: So is there any media that you consume that's not reflected on your device? Like if you read paper newspapers a magazine or you listen to the radio or watch cable television maybe you go to the movies. Is there anything significant that you do that's not on your phone? ST: Netflix is on the TV and I don't really go to the movies enough-- I mean even if we do we would go online and see what's playing so we will still be using the Internet. DC: So there is one last section and that section is based on your personal history and learning to use devices. So what do you think about like before you had technology and how you've been using it since just to answer these next questions- and the first one is how did you start using digital technology And how has your relationship with it changed? ST: Well I started using digital technology probably a computer somewhere around 13 or 14 and then a cell phone at 19 and at the age of 19 it was just a little Nokia where it was you know the technology was limited and basically you were only----Texting wasn't even big it was really just calls. And compared to now I mean I use my phone a whole lot more calendars, order coffee, buy grocery, buy tickets, order food so about everything. DC: So the things that we've been talking about so far were any of the things you've learned to use your phone for difficult for you to learn? ST: I would say it was a bit of a learning curve. Definitely like when you switch phones you know just take time to get yourself familiar with it. DC: So can you tell me about when and how you learned to do to use the new software or the new devices? �ST: When and how....I'm Pretty much--I would say self-taught. Just get in there and playing with it myself instead of getting someone to actually show me how to do it. And then as far as when I would say just like when I got this particular product. I had a Samsung before so Some of it was familiar but not every thing so there was kind of relearning and I'm still relining and switched from my iPhone to a Samsung. DC: How recently did you switch to Samsung? ST: That was maybe July. DC: So are there any activities that your device can do that you don't know how to do. So Like anything that you don't know how to do on your phone that you wish you could? ST: Oh there are a lot of things...my Phone has-- I guess this is android thing-- has an assistant called Bixby and there is a Bixby button on it called Bixby Home where it has frequent contacts, shows Facebook contacts, gallery, weather, blood pressure, game, and I'm pretty sure that-- cause its specialized for what I specifically do from what I understand but I don't know how to work it. DC: So do you feel that do you have the skills to use technology in a professional context? ST:I think for the most part yeah. DC: Can you tell me what you gauge that based on? ST: I would gauge that... Based on my professional-- where my company-- what my company was before and what I've used technology to improve things, in my opinion that’s been successful. DC: Do you think you have the same level of success with things in a personal context or if you're better in the professional digital context? ST: I would think I'm better probably in a professional because I think that the personal you know is a lot more advanced-- you know work I feel like with my company we're kind of behind the curve and personal with me upgrading to what I feel is more technological advanced phone with a watch that just came out. I think it's a lot more challenging then what it is with my company I think at my company there's a lot of you know old school like faxing and you know it me showing some of those other people how to scan and e-mail and I think it's a lot less technologically advanced. DC: So how would you define or describe someone who was digitally literate? ST: I would say someone who is definitely familiar with how to use the basics of their cellphone and understand what it can do. DC: So do you consider yourself digitally literate? �ST: Yeah I would say like middle of the road. DC: So were there any instances you can remember like learning how to become digitally literate in your life? ST: I can't remember any specific instances let me think about that one for a minute. ----silence for about a minute-----ST: Yeah I think it's something as simple as you know like with snapchat just getting getting younger users that they used it more frequently show me OK how do you do the filters? How Do you change that thing? You know I can remember like stuff like that. DC: Okay so after that question I'm of my prepared questions. So if there's anything else you would like to say or that I've skipped over anything you would want to be included in this interview. Then you can say that now if there's nothing else than we're through. ST: Well I would like to say that I at times regret going to this on just because of the advancement to it and I'm just so used to the iPhone with the Apple Watch that I though was so easy. I don't think the features of this phone outweigh the simpleness of the Apple product so I guess I still regret that even though I'll never admit it to my husband. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D.C. (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Suzanne Tillman (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 7 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Louisiana, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Louisiana, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1980-1985 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Italian, French-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity White Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Human Resources Director Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 22 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 14 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung Galaxy Note 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "“I use my phone a whole lot more calendars, order coffee, buy grocery, buy tickets, order food so about everything”" Description An account of the resource Interview #16 - Post-1980 Interview This interview was conducted over the video feature on Facebook Messenger between DC the interviewer and Suzanne Tillman (ST) the interviewee. Suzanne is DC’s aunt and is living in Louisiana while DC goes to Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Suzanne was born between 1980-1985 and is not considered a digital native while DC was born between 2000-2005 and meets most standard definitions of a digital native. Suzanne works in human resources and has a college degree. This interview is part of a larger project whose goal is to examine and compare how technology affects our lives and if generational gaps effect how they are used. Android Early 1980's Galaxy Note 8 Millennial post-1980 birthdate Samsung