2 10 31 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/36efa4b397339659e2de016321b18248.jpg 6bd983f747334575217ea8c7ae0a074d https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/615c1cdf7781c97e62dd6f4f92e77410.pdf f5aa3175dc2a7c8444caae4061ab62ea PDF Text Text An Interview with an IT Professional About How His Experience with Technology Shaped His Career Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #8 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 11, 2018 Introduction Seth Tepfer is an adult male that was born in Wisconsin from 1965-1970. He is a white male that speaks English, and works as the Director of Informative Technology at a college in Georgia. He knows how to use HTML, Pascal, Coldfusion, and C. His device for this interview is a MacBook Apple. Transcript ST: So myself, I’m a dad, I have two kids, a ten year-old and a thirteen year-old, I’m a husband, been married since 2002, and I live in Decatur and work out here in Oxford, my big passion is dance, so I’m a caller and a dance organizer, I travel all over the country dancing, I play games a lot, I guess those are the big areas of my life, so I work and teach here at Oxford, I do a lot of project management, which means I have a team that reports to me and I give them directions to what we’re looking to improve or enhance here at Oxford, or I look at processes here at Oxford and I say ‘Oh, how can we make them better?’ so I have a desktop system with an extra monitor that I use for communicating with my team and clients and planning out projects and stuff. JC: So, can you tell me a little bit about why you decided to choose your device for this interview? ST: Absolutely, so I have a desktop, a laptop and a phone, and I was looking over the questions you were going to be asking, and I was thinking about how I communicate with people, and a lot of times the communication is fluid, for example I might receive a text on my phone, and I might respond to it on my computer, and then our conversation would morph into emails, or on Facebook, and it sort of goes from one to the next, and it could cross in all three, my desktop, my laptop, and my phone, but a lot of times my thinking requires more space or I need to type faster than I can on the phone. And wherever I am, I’ve got my laptop with me, whereas my desktop stays there and if I’m doing any sort of something that requires thought, my laptop is where I go, so that’s why chose my laptop. JC: And to start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in �a calendar app, for example, or in a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media, or in a journaling app. ST: Let’s see… So, I have notes, but often times I will set up my to do list in something called monday.com, that’s my work do to list, so I’m not sure how to break this up for you. JC: Oh, it’s okay! You just have to let me know what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? ST: Oh, so list them all, right. Okay, so monday.com is an app that I use for work, for tracking tasks and activities and as part of IT we use a program called ServiceNow, which is where we log help desk tickets whenever people have a request for anything, so that’s sort of my official list, whereas monday.com is projects and larger things, more than just individual tasks. I have a notepad, apple notes, that I use to just track quick ideas and things I don’t want to forget, like ‘Oh, don’t forget to set up a time with Jocelyn about meeting for lunch’ I just write that down there, and then I can forget about it and come back to it later and it’s there. And of course, email, but I get so many emails it’s kind of overwhelming. That’s how I’m keeping track of my tasks. JC: So, based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? ST: Notes. It’s free form, it’s quick and easy because it’s so fast. All the others require extra logins, require a specific format, it’s also the messiest but yea. Just those notes. JC: Okay, and are there patterns you notice in the activities you are involved in? ST: Well Definitely I will jot ideas down in the notes, and then from there I’ll go back to email and send out emails, or send out calendar reminders to set up, or a lot of times I’ll set up calendar items as reminders, like ‘oh, I need to connect with this person in two weeks so I’ll just set up a calendar item to remind myself to email them in two weeks. JC: Are there any other important activities are not reflected in information on your device? ST: At work sometimes, I have a piece of paper of things I want to work on, or when I’m driving, I’ll write things down that occur to me on the commute, so when I get to work I can type it up in notes or send out a quick email, so just paper, still. JC: Cool, okay. So next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or who contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social-media interactions, or your video calls (such as Skype or FaceTime). Please provide roles or relationship names (such as mother, father, boss, coworker) rather than people’s proper names. �ST: Sure. So as I said I’m a dance organizer so I’m communicating with other dance organizers, people that I organize events with, as well as people who are organizing different events, and are coming to me for advice, so we’re talking about suggestions, and so that happens over text, which I get on my laptop, as well as my phone, and email, and Facebook, Facebook messenger, going back and forth on that. And same for like when I’m setting up an events, I’m calling musicians, and other artists, and talent, so that again is over text, email, Facebook, and I’m also a caller, so I get asked to call dances at other events, so again over email, Facebook, and it’s amazing how people contact me through any of those, and often times I will say okay, we need to move this to email because Facebook messenger is not robust enough for me to have extensive conversations, talking about details and such. JC: So how do you decide which mode of communication to use? ST: So certainly, I’m happy with text and Facebook messenger for starting conversations, but when conversations are getting more in depth and are going to require more thought, or more details, I want to move to email or phone. Yea. So, text is only, I just get… It’s too tedious, I mean I can text pretty quickly but it’s still too tedious to do that using the phone keyboard. JC: And are there any patterns that you notice in your interpersonal communication? ST: Well I’m thinking about the process of hiring or getting hired talent, a lot of times the easiest way to get a hold of somebody is text. So, if I want to hire someone, I email them and ask them about their availability, and then we continue the conversation over email, that’s very common. JC: Would this be for dance or IT? ST: This is for dance. So, for IT, in my work world, it’s almost all over email. Though there are times I’m impatient and I’ll actually call people, but that’s pretty rare these days, most of the time it’s through email. Because most of the time I’m sending out a question or I need help, and I can wait on it while I work on other things, but sometimes when I’m working on a project and I’m stuck, I’ll call someone, so they can give me a quick answer to support it. And I’m just thinking about my personal life also, so with my spouse, one app I have not mentioned is that we have a to do list called wonder list that we use for our shopping list, so we might go back and forth like ‘who’s going to go shopping’, so I might text her things to add to the shopping list, which is silly, because you could just add things onto the shopping list just as fast, but, or I might be in the store and I’m actually doing the shopping and she might text me rather than adding it to the list, so that’s really fuzzy, like we have a list but we also text, and I know she likes to use Instacart, and I’m resistant to using Instacart, so I’ll text her to put shopping list items to Instacart, but I still like shopping JC: It’s just like kind of what’s convenient for you? ST: Mhmm, convenience is a big deal. �JC: And so now I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as Foursquare, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. ST: Sure, pulling up the calendar now. So, precisely a month, huh. I mean the reason I’m saying that is it’s been a busy month. This weekend, we’re going to Seattle, I have a cousin who’s having a big family event, so. Last week, I don’t know when you mean travel… so I live in Decatur, I work at Oxford, we had some good friends who are looking to organize a festival in a small town called Pine Lake, so we went to that, I took my son to see a movie on Friday, I mean everyday I’m driving to Oxford and back. JC: Do you use apps or programs to record the things that you’re going to? ST: It’s all in my calendar, so yes. So, my outlook calendar tracks where I’m going, and where my wife is going, so we can communicate and plan. I do use google maps but really for traffic, not for travelling. JC: And so, are there any apps or programs specifically to track your movement? ST: You mean like Fitbit? JC: yea, or like kind of like find my iPhone? ST: I don’t really do that, I mean I will use google maps for finding where I am and where I’m lost, and how far I have to go, but other than that, no, and that’s on my phone too. JC: Do you use any apps or programs to check in to places? ST: Uh google maps, sometimes I’ll do that on my laptop or desktop, then I might do the search and send it to my phone so it’s there for later, because that way it’s already set up while I’m driving. Uhm I noticed something that we haven’t talked about. So I’m organizing dance events with other people, we’re working together, and one is a very big event that happens between Christmas and new year’s up in Maryland, and so there are four other people on the committee, we use a technology called zume, it’s audio and video conferencing, and we every week we have a conference call on that, if we need to do screen sharing I use that on my app, or also it works on the phone and my desktop. And also, we’re constantly sharing documents, working on budgets, staff lists, schedules, scholarship descriptions, all of it’s in google docs, and we’re working collaboratively back and forth on that. I don’t know if that’s anything interesting or different for you, but it’s different apps, so google docs and google spreadsheets for communicating that way, and sun for audio and video technology. And actually yesterday, on a totally separate things, I spent a lot of time on powerpoint, communicating with my other people �in the college about service anniversary, birthdays, and setting up slides, and so we were working collaboratively on that as well. JC: And how did you first learn to navigate new locations? ST: What do you mean new locations? JC: Like going from point a to point b, how did you first learn how to do that? Like using maps, or ST: Yea, yea I was like are we talking about maps? Or okay. Uhm Yea you know it would be even before maps though, I would just get lost and find my way. No I’m thinking about when I was first independent, I would be riding my bike around town, and I would just wander around, I mean I’d been driven places before so I’d have a general sense, but otherwise I’d ride my bike to build my own mental map, and then when I first moved to Atlanta, certainly I used paper maps, and now of course, I just use google maps. It’s just the default. Like we’re going to Seattle this weekend, and we’re using google maps to plot where our hotel is, and all the events are, and where we’re going to go visit. JC: So you don’t really use the way that you used to use, now? ST: Exactly. JC: Are there any apps or programs you use to discover new places? ST: My favorite place when I’m going somewhere new is Atlas Obscura, it’s sort of like yelp, but it’s about places people wouldn’t normally think of and go to, so when you go to any city, you can look it up on atlas obscura, and it shows you all the quirky and fun things to do in that city. So it’s sort of like trip advisor, but for off the beaten path kind of stuff. JC: Oh, that sounds cool. Do you like using it? ST: Very much so, yea. It’s easy to use, and it’s a lot of fun, and I can look for kid-friendly things, I can look for adult things, I can look for nature centered things, outdoor activities, indoor activities, things that take just a little time, things that take a long time, so like in Seattle, under one of the bridges, there is a big cement troll that somebody has sculpted, and it’s so big that in it’s hand it has an actual volkswagen, and it’s made out of cement, and it’s got it’s hand around an actual Volkswagen, and they call it the troll bridge, and it’s a fremont troll, and there’s like a soda machine and nobody knows who stocks it, but it has these buttons called mystery soda, and you come to it and you push the button and you get some weird sodas that you’ve never heard of before, and these are the types of things you would find on atlas obscura. JC: Okay, cool. So in this last section, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the past month. For this section, I am interested �in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played, or that you yourself have created and distributed. And from your history, I’d like to ask you what kind of apps or programs do you use most to access or produce media? ST: So I mostly listen to music on amazon music, I have from decades I have probably seven hundred and fifty CDs, a lot of it is from bands that play for dances, so most people have never heard of them, so I digitize and upload them onto Amazon music, and so that will probably change, because amazon music is changing their personal music service, so I’m going to have to transfer all that stuff, probably I’m going to transfer it to google music. And originally it was all in apple, but now anyways. So when I was teaching the dance class I was using amazon music, but occasionally it would go down, so I would switch to google music, um so I’m using both of those apps. So I’m often producing training videos on how to use applications, so those videos actually I’m just doing a screen capture and I’m using zune, because zune does that screen capture very nicely, and then I use quicktime to edit it. I have used imovie before, and final cut pro, but I rarely do that level of detail in editing videos. I use Facebook, um, so I’m watching strom videos of hurricanes, a lot of political stuff, and music again, a lot of bands that I work with, a lot of musicians that I know, so they're sending me music, occasionally they’ll send me stuff on dropbox, but mostly it’s just connected, uploaded, um I’ve used spotify a little bit but it’s not my primary source for music and stuff. Um, youtube, I use a fair bit of youtube, my children are on youtube constantly, knowing them, but since we share the account, on my history, you find a lot of all these minecraft videos or smosh videos, and occasionally I’ll watch, because some of them are really funny, like the try to make you laugh thing is just hilarious, a lot of political parody videos, but apps, I use Facebook, youtube, I don’t really use vine, instagram, snapchat, twitter, and sometimes I really feel like I should not be using Facebook. It’s just so exhausting, and it wears me down, but because I’m a dance caller and I travel all around the country, I have friends all around the country, aspiring callers, aspiring dance organizers, and people who I dance with, so I’ve got like 2500 friends, so I’m hesitant to cut Facebook off because of that, and I do try to stay aware of people with different political mindsets though that’s sometimes really disturbing and hard. JC: Why do you think you prefer one app over another, like why do you think you use amazon music most often over others? ST: Well amazon music, well at least when I started, had the best selection of music that I wanted to listen to at the price I was willing to pay, and I was able to upload my music there pretty easily. Now that they’re ending their personal music service, I’m going to have to switch because I have um, like when I’m calling dances, I have my music stored in amazon so it’s an easy playlist to use, so I’ll be switching to google and since like when I’m going to call a dance I need to pull up google music and have that playlist ready to go, and since that’s where I’ll be living, I’m just going to switch all my music over to google JC: Can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant for you? �ST: Music. I listen to music all the time, when I’m working, when I’m commuting, WOAH. We didn’t talk about podcasts. Mostly when I’m commuting, I listen to audiobooks. So through audible, um both ways, and when I’m folding laundry or doing chores, I have a lot of audiobooks, so that’s different. And actually, I’m also trying to teach myself how to play ukulele. So I’m watching this thing called patreon where I’m paying a small amount each month to watch this woman who leads ukulele jams online, teaches live lessons, and so most weeks I’ll get on and do a ukulele jam online, and that’s through youtube. Both the jams and the lessons are on youtube, so I do that, but besides audiobooks and youtube, I listen mostly just to music. But we didn’t talk about this, but I play a lot of board games also, and there’s an app a website called board game arena, which allows you to play many of my favorite board games, card games online, either instantly or all online at the same time, asynchronisly, turn based, so I’ll take a turn and then I’ll go off and do work and then I’ll go back and see that you’ve taken your turn, and so I do my turn, and we’re talking backgammon, all the way up to carcassonne, or settlers, or some really complicated games like terra mystica or something like that JC: that’s cool. Is there a strategy you use for storing your media, like your photos or anything? ST: It’s just all in Facebook, or google pictures. JC: Okay, and what are some ways that you share this media with others? ST: Facebook, text, I will send emails for photos and videos, JC: Oh, yea, that’s good. And are there any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. ST: The biggest strategy which, it’s probably too late, since I’ve only been doing it for the last four years or so, is when I talk about my boys I only use the first letter of their name instead of their whole name, but originally I was using their names all the time, so I don’t know, it’s probably far too late, and their 13 and 10, so, and at one point, I had websites for both of them, so it was cool, and I didn’t maintain them, but I still got that URLs JC: That’s so cool, was it like to document their life? ST: That was the idea, it didn’t maintain, and eventually I would give it to them, like here’s your website, do what you want to do with it, but um yea JC: Ok, so are there any important media are not reflected in information on your device? For example, you might read newspapers or magazines, listen to the radio, watch television, go to movies, or play video games. ST: I rarely listen to the radio, sort of a last resort sort of thing, oh but there is a pattern, there is one radio show that we enjoy a lot, and that’s on WABE! H. Johnson, and on friday nights he does blues classics, saturday nights he does jazz classics, and he’s been doing this for many �many years, and a lot of times we’ll have friends gather to play games on saturday nights and so at 8pm, the opening has the battle hymn of the republic, it’s a beautiful piano piece, and so we’re always listening to the radio because the app, well, we listen to it from the WABE! App on the phone, so it’s still the radio, but it’s through an app. JC: Okay, cool. In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. So to start, I’d like to ask you how did you start using digital technology, and how has you relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? ST: Well, when I was in high school, I started and we had an old PET computer, and eventually I had a big 20 and a converse 64, and I would write programs in basic and then we would save them to a cassette tape and that was our storage media, because when you turned the computer off, it lost all your information, and we were talking very basic, like pong, sort of games, so that was my first real exposure to working with computers. I mean when you define technology I’m assuming we don’t call books technology right JC: yea like the digital technology ST: yea, so I was doing programming, and then when I came to college I went to emory, I first started working in the computing labs and I would make signs with mac paint and I would write papers on word, and so I started playing games, really games were the first thing that pulled me in and got me comfortable with computers JC: what kind of games did you play? ST: A lot of arcade games, on the computer, puzzle games, I love puzzle games, and some of the most exciting games were network games that you could play with other people, adventure games where you’re running through a maze, or we play doom, a first-person shooter game, JC: Do you think that helped you build your interest in digital technology? ST: yes. I’m trying to think.. The first thing I went in to do were the signs because we needed signs for a hall gathering or for a party or for a menu and we wanted something to look snazzy, and so that was something that started getting me interested, and then we started doing games and I used to play DND with actual people and paper and dice, but when I got here there were DND games on the computer, and so I was playing that. Yea I think games are what pulled me in and that’s what made me interested in programming so I could program games and then since I was comfortable with the computer, then I felt comfortable doing other stuff on the computer too. JC: And how did you end up working in IT �ST: Well literally, I was spending so much time in the computing labs, and literally people were coming up to me and asking me questions and I said well the lab rep’s over there, but heck I could be paid for answering your questions, so I applied and I got the job, and after I graduated from Emory, I turned around and started, I was the manager for the labs in Atlanta and was working there for many years, and then the CFO at Oxford enticed me to come out and work at Oxford. And so I was supporting other people’s computers but also learning about databases, and I was really working at the admissions office. So helping them deal with the whole funnel, the admission funnel, which is, they contact people and get all these contacts, hundreds of thousands of contacts, where they talk to them, and then of those people, some of them get admitted. And so walking through finding patterns of those different thing and playing with those different numbers and different patterns of where people are coming from, like demographics, really got me interested in working with databases and so from databases I learned about creating applications, and so that’s when I started creating applications. JC: And of the activities you have described so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? ST: Well, definitely making applications are complex, certainly because you have to understand the process the user wants, like so if I’m going to make an application for you, I need to know what is it that you’re trying to accomplish. And a lot of times the user says ‘well I want it to do this,’ but they may not understand a: all the possibilities the application could do, and b: they may not fully understand their own process, so a lot of times I’ll spend time with the user, so what happens if they don’t fill out this field, or what happens if they put this information here, and a lot of times processes have a lot of outliers and ways that break a process. So anyways, helping users understand what they really want to do with the app is hard, and then programming is actually not that hard, really, but then if you have a lot of things that need to be done, what’s called UI, or user interface, making it so that it’s easy for the user to navigate the screen, to understand the different possibilities, especially when there’s a lot of possibilities, trying to make it look not overwhelming on the screen so people can use it, but yet at the same time have the ability to do all the different things they want to do, that’s hard. So, the actual programming is not too hard, it’s always the human side of things. Understanding what humans really want, because they don’t often say what they really want, and making it easy for humans to do what they want to do, as opposed to animals, who generally ignore everything I do. JC: Right, haha. So in what context do you think you use this for? ST: Primarily for work. Yea, that is what my job is. JC: Can you tell me about when and how learned to complete these complex activities? ST: Mostly trial and error. Mostly creating ones and finding the ones that people didn't use or had trouble with. I’ve gone to some conferences, I’ve done some professional development, but mostly training myself. �JC: Okay, and can you tell me about some activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? ST: Programming languages are constantly changing and evolving, and I have a team that does most of the programming work, so I don’t feel like it’s critical for me to keep up with it, and so I’ve fallen behind, you know, angular, or rubio nails, or python, there’s a programming methodology called “Agile” and “Scrum” that I would really like to learn to help guide my team more effectively, there is a whole system over at Emory of budgets that I know almost nothing about it, there’s always so much to learn, so much to do, so much to say. JC: What do you think you’re missing in order to complete these? ST: Time. Yea, I have so many projects, so many different things I’m trying to juggle, and I don’t have time to just sit down and study or learn. It’s overwhelming. JC: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? Why? How could you measure this ability? ST: Yes, absolutely. Well, I have been operating in a professional context successfully and I mean there’s always new things coming, but I feel like I’m barely keeping my head up above water, but yea. JC: How do you think you can measure this ability? ST: It’s the balance of tasks and projects that I’m given that I feel I can accomplish successfully. REcently I was asked to build what’s called workflows, where you can actually tread out how a process completes, and so in the space of a day I learned a new technology called lucid charts, which was easier than a different project management tool called visio, which is really ugly. But I taught myself this program and I started using it and I was building charts, and it pleased both my boss and my boss’s boss, so I feel like ‘Okay, I did that well.’ JC: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? ST: If they’re able to do email, text, navigate some collaborative software like google docs or microsoft docs. I would think they… huh… do they keep their calendar online? That’s a good question… There are people that I email back and forth with, and I text with them, but they still keep a paper calendar. JC: It’s really up to you. ST: I know, I know, and I don’t know… Do I call them digitally literate? They’re able to email, and they’re able to take things that are on their calendar digitally and put it on their paper calendar, so I guess email, text, navigating the web is kind of a low bar, but I think that’s good enough. �JC: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? ST: Yea. JC: So how did you learn to be digitally literate? ST: Well I certainly watched the internet grow up around me, I mean I was using computers and email, I mean I’ve had the same email address since 1987, and I feel proud of that, but I mean I remember going to a big staff meeting and somebody doing a presentation on ‘look at this cool thing it’s called the world wide web’ and we can go to the world wide web and we can see if the coffee maker is on or off, and that was like in 1995, and using gopher, which was an FTP protocol, I mean I’ve watched it grow up around me, so I’ve kept pace as it’s grown, though obviously I feel like I’ve fell back, because I’m not participating in twitter, or tumblr, or instagram, or snapchat, so those forms of communication, I’m not involved in at all, so to a certain extent I feel like it’s zipped ahead of me, but I’m still on Facebook. JC: Is there anything else you want to share? ST: With board games, I don’t take advantage of this, but some people have apps on their phones to determine who goes first, yea, and I have a good friend, she was over last night and we were playing games, and she said stop the game now because it’s time for HQ Trivia, and it’s a trivia app, so we were all playing that together, it happens twice a day, and there are these twelve trivia questions that people all over the internet are participating in, so they’ll ask a question and they’ll say ‘oh, 20,000 people got this right’, and the next question will get harder like ‘oh, only 5,000 people’ so that’s cool. And I don’t really take part in minecraft or terraria but my boys do a ton, and they’re interacting, or discord, they use that to connect with their friends all the time. I used to play not world of warcraft but before world of warcraft, just the warcraft game, and I would play with friends online just warcraft, but now we’re just doing board game arena. I’m the class rep for my 10 year old’s class, so I’m communicating with all the different parents in the class, we use doodle.com to make decisions, the voting app, so we do that, and google docs to track names and emails and all that stuff. Sign up genius, we use that for seeing who’s going to sign up to help with what. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Jocelyn Chow Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Seth Tepfer Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 11 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Wisconsin, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Director of Information Technology Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 36 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 14 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity HTML, Pascal, Coldfusion, C Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Laptop computer Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple MacBook Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with an IT Professional About How His Experience with Technology Shaped His Career Description An account of the resource Interview #8 - Pre-1980 Birthdate Seth Tepfer is an adult male that was born in Wisconsin from 1965-1970. He is a white male that speaks English, and works as the Director of Informative Technology at a college in Georgia. He knows how to use HTML, Pascal, Coldfusion, and C. His device for this interview is a MacBook Apple. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple information technologist information technology Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/718bdc89e1939ce92b08adfb0c38b184.pdf 58ea5e1b84cbc7314c105e0ab2173c7c PDF Text Text An Interview with my Grandma About Her Struggles with Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #9 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2, 2018 Introduction This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her grandma. The interviewee is born between 1935-1940, in Beijing, China. She used to be a high school teacher and currently retires at home in her apartment in Beijing. Lizzy Fang is a student in Oxford College of Emory University. She is born in Beijing, China in 2000. The interview’s purpose is to record the interviewee’s journey about her technology use and to find the difference in digital technology usage between teenagers from different provinces in China. Transcript (Translated one) Lizzy: In this interview I will ask you about some of your experiences using digital technology. Please choose one of your most regularly used digital advice such as the cell phone, your computer, or your laptop as our interview topic. I may need you to introduce to me about how you use it last week, and some records on this device. Hi? (unstable connection…) Grandma: Hi. I want to choose the cellphone. L: Okay. There are somethings that I want to tell you beforehand. You have the absolute right to decide what questions to answer and what questions to ignore. Please do not share any illegal contents or anything related to others’ personal information. When you mention other people, please do not use their real names. Instead, you can use names like “my colleagues”, “my children”. Do you have any other questions before we start our interview? �G: No. L: Can you tell me why do you choose the cell phone as the device? G: Because I think the cell phone is easy to carry around and is more convenient than the computer. Also, I use it to short the distance between my students, my family members and I, so I think it is prior to the computer. L: I see. Okay, so we will begin our interview now. First, I need you to look at your phone and see if you have used it to record your activities last month. For example, using calendar or to-do list. G: I have several activities last week, but I did not schedule my activities on my phone. I usually just schedule things on my notebooks. For this reason, I have many specific notebooks. L: Why don’t you use your cellphone to make your schedules? G: Because I think the notebook can be kept longer. It is safer, in my opinion. Sometimes, I cannot find the things I have written in my phone. L: So I want to ask what app did you use to communicate with other people on your phone last month? G: I usually just use WeChat. L: Do you find any pattern when using WeChat? G: I usually check it at night, because I communicate to my students both domestically and abroad. L: Why do you choose WeChat? �G: Because I have WeChat groups. I would use them to communicate with my family and my students. L: Would you use different communicating methods with different people? G: Yes. Sometimes I use writing board sometimes. Most of the times, I would use voice message because I think it is more convenient. Typing is too hard for me. L: I see how you communicate with other people on your phone. So…also I want to ask if you use your phone to navigate your direction. G: No, I have not tried. L: Why not? G: I am planning to do so, but I have not. Because my son orders cars every time I want to go somewhere, since he knows I am terrible at this. I do not have to navigate the direction by myself. L: So the next question is about social media. Do you save pictures and videos of other people on your phone? G: Yes. L: Will you show the location when you post pictures on social media? G: If I set the group as the people that I am familiar with, I would. Otherwise, I would not. L: Why? G: I think it is not safe. L: When do you think the cell phone are not safe enough? �G: I think the cellphone is no longer safe if I lost it. Also, I think there is a kind of words safety, which means people consider about how their words will influence another people’s reaction. I rarely comment below anything when I do not know the event very well. L: I see, so let’s begin our last part. I want to get to know how you use your cellphone, because most of the old do not use cellphone as skilled as you do. When do you start to use smart phone? G: I have used it for about five years. L: Do you think is there any change in the relationship between you and your smart phone? G: I think it broads my view and shorts the distance between me and my friends, so I must use fixed time every day to check WeChat, for example. L: Must? G: Yes, I will reply them every night as well. L: Okay, I see. So, what time do you think is the hardest since you start using cell phone? G: I think the most difficult one is shopping online. Even though I believe it is super convenient and I am trying, I still cannot use it well. I always want to change this. L: Which part did you stuck? Is it about picking up or operating? G: I think it is about operating. Also, I am conservative in some ways. For instance, I think only the real products in physical store allow people to try them on and observe the products closely but shopping online dramatically destroy this process. F: Is there anything else than you think is difficult? G: I think it should be typing. I have never learned Pinyin, but I think handwriting is much easier to use. It is a bit late to learn Pinyin from now, but it is truly useful. �F: Will you use cell phones academically? G: I have downloaded an e-book app and learnt how to use it by myself. F: Do you know that one generation are born in the time which technology get highly developed? Their names are called “Digital Natives”. G: I think you and your friends are all digital natives. I want to keep on the track but I think I will put more time, as I have the faith. F: How do you learn how to use the cell phone thus far? G: I ask people questions lol. And after each time I will write notes in my notebooks. I have one specifically for the note of computer science, Whenever I forget how to use it, I will ask my son. F: Lol I see. Is there anything else about the digital device that you want to share with me? G: Yes. I really want to communicate with my granddaughter every day on video calls and try to know her situations. I miss her so much. F: I love you too. Thank you for participating. G: My pleasure. (Original one) 方：在这次采访中我会问您关于您使用电子产品的一些经历，请您挑选您最常用的一 个电子产品比如说手机啊，电脑啊，台式机啊来作为我们这次的采访主题。对于这项 设备我可能需要您向我介绍您上周对它的使用活动。跟我聊聊您设备上有记录的东 西。喂？（信号有点断） 奶奶：喂。我想挑手机。 �方：好的，有一些想提前告知您的，您有绝对权力决定您对我哪些问题进行详细解 释，哪些无视，然后您只需要分享您觉得舒适的部分，请您不要分享任何非法内容或 者任何包括别人个人信息的内容，当您提及别人的时候请不要提及别人的真实姓名， 可以使用“我的同事”，“我的孩子”这种称呼，在我们开始之前您还有任何其他问题 吗？ 奶奶：没有。 方：请跟我说说您为什么选择了手机啊？ 奶奶：因为我觉得手机带着方便，比电脑方便，另外我和学生家人都可以缩短距离及 时沟通，所以我觉得它优越性比较强。 方：哦哦这样啊，现在我们正式开始采访了，首先我需要您看一下您的手机来看看有 没有用它记录过活动，比如说日历啊，日程表啊这种，上个月在手机上的。 奶奶：我上周有活动，但我不是会用手机记，我一般都是会用本子来记录的，我有很 多专门的本子来记录。 方：您为什么不用手机来记录这些东西呢？ 奶奶：因为我觉得本子的保存时间会长，我觉得本子最安全最保险，因为有时候存在 手机里的东西我会找不到。 方：下面我要问您一下，您用什么手机软件和别人交流呢，上个月。 奶奶：我一般使用微信。 方：您觉得您使用微信有什么规律吗？ 奶奶：我一般晚上看，因为我要和国内国外的学生交流什么的。 方：为啥您使用微信啊？ 奶奶：因为我有微信群，和别人交流方便。我会和家人，学生交流什么的。 方：请问您会对不一样的人用不一样的聊天方式吗？ 奶奶：是的，有的我用手写板，一般我会用语音。我觉得语音更加方便，这种情况下 我会说的多一点。打字对我来说有点太困难了。 方：请问您会用手机进行导航什么的吗？ 奶奶：我没有试过。 方：为啥您不去尝试一下呢？ �奶奶：我准备尝试，但是还没有，因为我出门直接儿子给我打车了，不需要我去导 航。 方：下一个问题是关于社交媒体的，您手机里会存别人照片或者和别人视频吗？ 奶奶：会的。 方：您会在发照片或者视频的时候标注自己所在的地点吗？ 奶奶：如果是我特别熟的人，我大多数时间都是会的。不熟的人我就不发。 方：为什么呢？ 奶奶：我觉得那样不安全。 方：您觉得什么时候手机不安全吗？ 奶奶：我觉得丢了就不安全。当然我觉得还有其他一种言语安全性，我觉得用手机首 先就要考虑它的安全性，但是同时也要考虑对别的社交网络的影响，我很少进行评 论，对于政治或者国际重大事件，当我不太了解的时候我绝不评论或者转发。 方：明白啦，那我们就开始最后一部分，我希望能了解您是怎么用手机的，因为大多 数的老年人都并没有像您一样熟悉掌握手机的各种功能。请问您是什么时候开始使用 智能手机的？ 奶奶：我用了将近五年了吧。 方：您认为您和手机的联系有任何变化吗？ 奶奶：我认为知识面在扩展，和亲朋好友的关系更近了，所以我每天有固定时间必须 看微信。 方：必须看？ 奶奶：对，我每天看完以后每天还要去回复别人的消息。 方：哦哦明白了，那您觉得从您开始用手机到现在哪一部分的操作对您来说是最困难 的呢？ 奶奶：我认为是手机购物，我觉得这个很方便也一直在尝试，但是我还是用的不熟。 我一直想突破这点。 方：您觉得哪一部分卡住了呢？是挑选还是操作之类的。 �奶奶：我觉得是操作。而且我还有些保守思想，我觉得实体店才是真正和商品能有接 触，能够切身观察，而网上购物却总是不够标准，有时候甚至会和自己一开始对商品 的判断有些偏差，所以我就想原则是先去看实体店然后再去看手机的网站，去购物。 方：还有什么其他的吗？ 比如恁想克服但觉得是很难得？ 奶奶：我觉得那就肯定是打字了吧，我从小就没学过汉语拼音，但是我觉得手写的发 明还挺方便的。我现在开始学拼音有些太晚了，虽然确实有用。 方：您会用手机当休闲还是学术的东西呢？ 奶奶：我最近尝试下了个电子书的 app，在努力自学怎么用。 方：您知道有一种人是在电子产品的年代出生的，比如我（笑），您觉得我们这一代 人和您有什么不一样呢？ 奶奶：我觉得你们特别先进，对于这些东西掌握的都特别快，这也就让我想更努力跟 上时代，与时俱进了。但是我们这个年龄用的时间确实会长一些，我觉得我有这个信 息。 方：请问您之前是怎么学会用这些产品的呢？ 奶奶：我不耻下问哈哈哈，而且我问完以后会去做笔记的。我有专门用的电子产品笔 记本，我忘了的时候经常会查看。 方：哈哈哈明白了，请问还有任何其他关于电子产品的您想分享给我的情况吗，关于 您的经历？ 奶奶：我特别希望我和我在大洋彼岸的孙女能通过视频每天了解她的情况，我特别想 她。 方：我也想您，好的谢谢您的这个采访。 奶奶：哈哈哈哈谢谢你对我的信任。 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Manqing (Lizzy) Fang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Location The location of the interview Remote Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 8 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Beijing, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Beijing, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1935-1940 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation High School Teacher Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with My Grandma About Her Struggles with Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #9-Pre-1980 Birthdate This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her grandma. The interviewee is born between 1935-1940, in Beijing, China. She used to be a high school teacher and currently retires at home in her apartment in Beijing... Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English (Translated from Chinese/Mandarin) Chinese Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/e0d943a3a0365a77697143e2c7820068.pdf ae186ddf250634196561d9dbd9059df5 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Self-Described Non-Digitally Literate College Professor Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #6 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 Transcript Interviewer: So. Okay, so , in this interview I’m going to ask you on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you and that you use routinely, like your phone, laptop, et. cetera. Um, so we’re going to look at, like, records of your activities or just- calendar entries, emails, that kind of thing, just to tell me kind of, what you do and what- how that interacts with technology if that makes sense. Um, so you can decide what to comment on, what questions to answer, what to ignore… Uh, if there’s anything you’re not comfortable answering, feel free to not. Um, if you would, like an-any time you reference, like, a person, outside of me or your just use like, a name for them rather than like their actual name, like, a coworker, a friend, a boss, just so that we don’t have anybody’s personal information out. Don’t reference any illegal activities so that I don’t get in troubleInterviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: -right, all of those things. Interviewee: Got it. Interviewer: Um, any questions for me before we get started? Interviewee: I don’t think so. Interviewer: Alright, awesome. Okay, so first, tell me about why you chose this device. Interviewee: Ah. Um, well, I’m looking at my phone- mostly because I think it encompasses a lot of different devices. So, for instance, I’m kind of addicted to my Kindle. But, if I need to, I can read my Kindle books on my phone. Which I do. A lot. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, it kind of combines those things. Um, there are...ah, a lot of stuff I do on my phone is… not just- like, not work. So if I’m working, I prefer my computer most of the time. But, um, right now my computer at home is terribly slow, and so I hate it. Interviewer: (laughter) �Interviewee: And so, I have to come in to work to do that. So, the phone takes up this kind of space, when I don’t have access to my computer, which is kind of what I prefer working on. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But it also takes up this kind of space where I have access to the fun stuff. Like it- it annoys me that it combines so many things on it. But I can use it in lieu of all of those other things. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I don’t like it as much as those other thingsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -but I think I’m more attached to it- (aside) that was one of the things you said? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: -tha- um, than the other things, because I can do everything on it even though not as well. Interviewer: Right. (laughter) Interviewee: Like, I’d prefer my Kindle, when I’m reading, to the screen on this. I’d prefer my computer when I’m grading, to the screen on- well, I don’t grade on my phone. But, you know, I’d prefer checking my email on my computer. But I can do all that here, just not as well. Interviewer: Right. It’s just a little bit handier. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: And it’s so- yeah. And I also hate- um… I- I- I like that the fact that anybody can get ahold of me when I want them to get ahold of me. But I hate that anybody can get ahold of me when I don’t want them to get ahold of me. Interviewer: That also is understandable. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: So, first we’re going to talk about your activities. So, y- I want you to look through, like, any records of activities that you were involved with, just during the last month, any records of anything in your calendar, in your emails, that kind of thing. Do you- are you okay with that? �Interviewee: Yeah. So, do you want me to tell you what I’ve done through my calendar, or...? Interviewer: Yeah, just to see- just what’s recorded in your phone. Interviewee: Um, let’s see, (aside) okay so, today, I think… okay. (to interviewer) So, um, I have lunches, I have house things, like the exterminator is coming tomorrow, um, I have uh… full days given over to writing, so that reminds me that I’m supposed to write, even if I don’t. Um, classes, your- my interview with you is on here, doctor’s appointments, um, I went to a concert this weekendInterviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: -that’s on there. Um, I have cancelled classes, so I have classes but I put them in gray and I cancel them. Um, I have fall break, and, um, I had- I have lunch with a friend, um, I have a- an Oxford Research Scholar’s meeting so that’s on there. I proctored a f- a faculty member’s course, that’s on there, um… I have meetings, so I have student, dean, uh, student, student, (aside) papers were coming upInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -division meeting was on there, um… so, mostly classes, and a FaceTime with a student on the Atlanta Campus, when, um, the administrative assistant will be out of the office, y’know, um, when summer school courses are due, I don’t even teach summer school but I havebut there are people that I work with who I need to remind, um. Candidate lunches, beer with a friend, um, yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say that it’s more, like, work based, or more social based? Just for what you record on your calendar? Interviewee: Um, I’m more work based, but, um… that’s not really true; I go out to lunch more than anybody I know, I think. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, um… that’s not quite true, but, um… there are certainly more work things in my day that I need to be on time for than the social things that I do. Interviewer: Right. Intervieewee: Like, I do a lot of Instagramming and a lot of reading, and that’s not on my calendarInterviewer: Right. Makes sense. Interviewee: Y’know, so… �Interviewer: What, um, apps or programs do you use mostly to record your activities? Is it mostly calendar, or…? Interviewee: Yeah, I think so. Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. Do you notice any like, patterns in the activities that you are involved in? Interviewee: Um, I’m not sure if this is what you mean, but for instance, I sometimes don’t check my calendar or even find my phone on weekends. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, um, and, I don’t miss it most of the time. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: My dad’s sick right now, so I’m paying more attention to the phone, but, um, my sister has my home phone number so she can get ahold of me if she needs to. Interviewer: (inaudible) Interviewee: Um, so yeah, so I- I, occasionally- I doubt I do it on purpose, but I certainly don’t look for it- like lose my phone on the weekendsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -not really lose, but just, not pay attention to where it is. Interviewer: Exactly. Interviewee: Um, so- so part of the pattern is that there is a lot of stuff on weekdays, and oftentimes if I do schedule things on weekends I have to write it on my mirror in the bathroomInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -because I will not find my phone. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So there’s- so that’s kind of a pattern. Um, class days are um, I often don’t look at my phone on class days because I don’t schedule anything on class days, because I teach all day long. So, those are kind of patterns. Like, there are days with meetings and days without meetings. And, y’know, that kind of thing. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: ...yeah, I’m not sure what other kind of patterns you (unintelligible) Interviewer: No, that was… fantastic. Any major activities that are not recorded in the phone? Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter) That could mean a lot of things… I’m gonna- um, major activities, um, not scheduled activities, right? Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah, so mostly scheduled activities, um, I put on the calendar, yeah, um… I do an awful lot of things that aren’t on my calendarInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -but they’re not generally scheduled. Interviewer: That makes sense. Um, so now we’re gonna switch to talking about people, so we’re just going to look at, like, contacts, social media, that kind of thing, just to see how you interact with the people in your life. So, what- first, what programs do you use just do communicate with people. Is it just…? Interviewee: Email is my favorite. And um, um, text, so I do a lot of texting and a lot of emailing. Um, text, I use for people that I really actually care about getting in touch with. That’s not true. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, there’s a lot of… there’s a lot of… I get a lot of junk in my email. Interviewer: Yep. Interviewee: I get very little junk in my text mail. So, if somebody wants to cut through the crap, they need to text me. Interviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: Right? Um, and so, that’s- y’know, that’s something that I’m partial to, and if I just want to get ahold of somebody, y’know, I try to be very polite to people, I don’t text them unless they’ve texted me first, or, you know. So there’s a politeness issue that goes on there. Or if it’s about something we’re going to do that’s fun, or something, or if I think they need to know something in an emergency. �Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I’ll text them. Um, but so, email is kind of for business, um, and things that don’t need to take, you know, time. Like I’ll text family; I very rarely email family. But I will. And I text my colleagues, who I have the most in common with and I do things with the most, other than, right, texting about lunch. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: But, you know, the first invite may be an email. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: That kind of thing. Um, I also keep in touch with people… I have a Facebook account. It’s too overwhelming for me, there’s too many people on itInterviewer: Yes. Interviewee: And they- an- and I don’t wanna know, like, what everybody else got invited to and I didn’t get invited to. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I just don’t want to know those things. So, I really kind of go in there, and I um… what I do with that is I get pictures of my niece and nephew. Interviewer: Aw. Interviewee: So, my family and my sisters, I- I will, um, I will go on Facebook to see pictures of them. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And I will specifically go to my sister’s website and you know, cut all the rest of the crap. I’m also a big Instagram person. Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: Um, but I- I have, like, very few people; actually, weirdly a lot amount of people who follow me on Instagram. But, few of them do I know. And so, I only follow a few people on Instagram, and so, that’s a little less overwhelming for me. There’s fewer people that I have to keep track of, um, and that I feel like if I miss, somebody is going to get hurt. Interviewer: (laughter) �Interviewee: Um, so Instagram is a big one for me, in- in, you know, kind of communicating [At this point the recording was interrupted by a phone call. It resumes as the Interviewee is discussing a friend.] Interviewee: ...he takes pictures for his friends. Like, he’ll take pictures of things he knows, and he lives very close to where I grew upInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -so he consistently takes pictures of the lake, and he certainly- like if he goes by my old house he’ll take a picture of that. He won’t say anything about it, but I’ll know, right? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: So, um, so communicating in photographs as well. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, what else? (aside) For communicating? (to Interviewer) I think that’s about it, for communicating. Interviewer: Yeah. How do you decide which modes of communication to use over another one? Interviewee: Um, proximity of the person, right? So, like, I will text people who I do things with on a regular basis a lot more. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But then, that also includes my family, who live on like, the West Coast, so I don’t do things with themInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -but I’m constantly in communication with them and I want them to have immediate contact to me. Um, one I didn’t mention, which is interesting, is um, Waze? Interviewer: Oh! Interviewee: So that’s… I communicate with my husband a lot through Waze. Interviewer: Oh, wow. Huh. Interviewee: Which is basically- and I don’t mean like I text him, because I do text him, (unintelligible) but he knows where I am, so if I leave work and I’m, you know- I forget to pick the dogs up. �Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So he sends me texts all the time, “Don’t forget to pick the dogs up.” So, um, so I will- I will put on Waze so that he knows I’m on my way to the dog...thing. So he’ll know that I’m on my way, right? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And, that, you know, that he doesn’t need to remind me. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, like, that kind of communication, which is sort of weird, but, um, but I do communicate that way too. And, the decision is generally- like I don’t… the only people I contact on Waze are people I’m actually meeting up with, so only people I do things with. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So that’s, interestingly, one of the most, like- I only do that with people that I’m close to. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, (laughter) which seems weird, because it’s the one that- like it has the least amount of um, uh… Instagram I just do on a regular basis. I try to do a few things every week. But it’s not a- it’s kind of a more general thing. Facebook I just hate. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Texting, yeah, uh, mostly people that, you know, I’m actually going to talk to. And phone. You know, I actually phone people occasionally. Interviewer: Oh, nice. Interviewee: Mostly my mother... Interviewer: (laughter) Fantastic. Interviewee: ...and my dad. Interviewer: Um, any major, like, communication that is not on the phone? Interviewee: Well, so I walk around campus a lot. I- I actually like to see people face to face. So if I have something to say to somebody; if I want to talk to {redacted} at the library, I will go there and talk to her, I won’t call her up. �Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I mean, sometimes I will, if I’m in a hurry but for the most part, I’ll get out of my chair, and I’ll go talk to people. Um, and uh, you know, I have- if I want to go talk to, you know, somebody down the hall or whatever, I’ll get up and go. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Face-to-face communication, I do a lot of, and I practice that consciously. Interviewer: (laughter) Very smart. Interviewee: Um, cause I like people. And I don’t always want to talk to them on the phone(cellphone text chimes)- and I think we really have an issue… Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: ...with, uh- (aside) That’s my friend who takes pictures…(laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter)... saying he’s safe. Um, I-I think we don’t often… I think we communicate too much over non- like, where you can’t see the other person’s face. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And where you can’t hear the other person’s voice. Um, you know, and you can’t grab their hand if they really need you. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I think that’s- I think… I miss that. I don’t know if that’s a good thing or a bad thing; I think it’s a different thing and I don’t deal well with it. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, um… what was the question? Interviewer: (laughter) Any major communication not on the phone? Interviewee: Yeah, um… photos, that’s not on the phone, but also on computer… (sighs) I mean, lunch, I think, is the same kind of thing. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: I don’t go to the cafeteria very oftenInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -I go to lunch with like, one or two people… Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Because I like to talk to people! Like, actually like to talk to peopleInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -and have conversationsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -not just, like, hit and miss, you know? And um, so I consciously try to create spaces for that. Interviewer: Hard to do that in Lil’s. Interviewee: Yeah. I used to have parties, but it’s getting harder and harder to do that. Everybody’s busy. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, yeah. Interviewer: Understandable. (laughter) So, we talked about people, now we’re going to move on to places. Interviewee: Okay. Interviewer: I know you mentioned Waze, are there any other, like, major, um, apps or programs you use to get- like, to navigate you places, or anything to do with location? Interviewee: I use them all. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, Apple Maps, Google Maps, um, um, Waze… Kayak? Interviewer: Hmm. Interviewee: You know, for like, plane tickets and stuff like that? �Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: Um… I would consider the weather app to be- (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter) a travel app. Interviewer: It basically is. (laughter) Interviewee: But, um, but not specifically. Um, I used to have, like, one of those big old GPS’sInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -but now you have them on your phone, so, I use maps, I actually use, like, paper maps, still. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: But, um, I don’t like to be lost. Interviewer: Yeah (laughter) Interviewee: Um, but yeah, all of those things? Interviewer: Yeah. That makes sense. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Um, are there any, like, apps that have records of places that you visited? Interviewee: Oh, Instagram. And my, you know, so like, the Google PhotoInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -thing, um, has, y’know… yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Like, way too many photos. Interviewer: Understandable. Would you mind going through and just, like, telling me about them? You don’t have to show me, but… �Interviewee: So, last… um, let’s see. Ah! So, um… (laughter) so Instagram has a- a picture of me and my husband at the Tabernacle, um, because we went to a Simple Minds concert, which is a- an 80s concert. Interviewer: Awesome! Interviewee: And it was- it was the freaking whitest crowd I’ve been toInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -in a long time, and the band was more diverseInterviewer: Wow. That’s rare. Interviewee: -than the crowd. Like, two fifth of the- two-fifths of the ban- of the band was black and female. Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: And this was like an all white, 50-year-old crowd. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: It was a little frightening. Interviewer: That’s odd. Interviewee: So, I’ve got pictures of my husband making Halloween stuffInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -uh, this weekend- I kind of recorded this weekend because it was a- so I have like, stuff that I did, beading and walking with friends, and then I have lots of pictures with my dog. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And I went to a conference in New York, that’s kind of documented. More pictures of my dogs, writing- I have a- I have- this is from- this is from when I was writingInterviewee: Ooh. Interviewee: -the paper from the conference. Interviewer: Nice! �Interviewee: So I’ve got- but this is like- this is a word, “taradiddle” that came up while I was looking something up, and so I justInterviewer; That’s a real word. Interviewee: -took a screenshot- It’s a real word. Interviewer: Look at that. Interviewee: Weird stuff like that, I’ve got, umInterviewer: Do all of these have, like, your location tagged; where you were when you…? Interviewee: Um, a lot of them do. The ones that I have at home I don’t put a location tag on very often. Then there’s stuff like, I’ve- my niece and nephew came out. There’s a lot of pictures here from the travel with my niece and nephew. And then, I was in Florence, um- Oregon over most of the summer, so I’ve got lots of pictures with my niece and nephew. I’ve got a huge group of pictures from Costa Rica last time I went. Interviewer: Ooh, fancy. Interviewee: And, um, you know, um, pictures of Christmas and pictures of, you know, travels and Christmas stuff that I did. I like leaves. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: You know, I have- I have a thing that’s called, um, Commute? It’s a thing that I kind of do irregularly, which is take pictures of my commute. Interviewer: Oh? Interviewee: Because when I was driving, I’ve been driving back and forth for about three years now and there’s just some really interesting stuff. Interviewer: Interesting. That’s really cool. Interviewee: And so I thought that I would, like, make myself stop. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And take pictures of those things and put them on Instagram, so… Interviewer: That’s really interesting. So, do you- do you, like, use any apps to check in to places, like do you have your Location Services on, or do you just kind of…? Interviewee: No. I mean like- like so, let people know where I- no. (laughter) �Interviewer: Yeah. I understand. I don’t either. Interviewee: Yeah, if there are one or two people who need to know where I am… I don’t need everybody in the world to know where I am. Interviewer: Yeah. Any apps you use to navigate places, just specifically navigation? Interviewee: Waze, um, but sometimes Waze goes out and does weird thingsInterviewer: It does. Interviewee: -and so I also have, kind of- and then I think the second one I normally go to is, um, Apple Maps and then Google Maps, depending on my...hierarchy. Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. Any patterns you notice in your locations, based on what’s reflected in your phone? Interviewee: ...yeah. (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, so there’s a commute section, right? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: That’s kind of like… and uh, a weekend section, which always has a couple of places where I walk my dogs- I mean not sections but categories, I would say. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, um, is that what you’re asking? Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: And then there’s always a whole, Florence, you know, where my parents live, over the summerInterviewer: Oh, that’s cool. Interviewee: -and then, you know, like my family. And, um, then, uh, Costa Rica every other year, has a huge, like, bunch of photos that go into it. During the school year, I often- there’s often like a bunch of pictures from my intro class that does projects, and um, so like, events like that. If I go to a conference there’s a couple of pictures from a conference. Um… so I tend to- I tend to take, y’know, groups of photos based on place. �Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, that makes sense. Any important locations to you that are not shown on your phone? Interviewee: I don’t have enough pictures of my house. Like, of my actual house. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I’ve got a couple, but when I go to show people; they ask my what my house looks like because all my family’s in Florence, and I can never show them pictures of… so yeah, not enough pictures of my house. Um… no, I do a pretty good job of taking pictures. Interviewer: Yeah. (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Well, good job! Alright, so now we’re going to talk about media, kind of back to the social media thing. So, uh, do you feel like you produce media, for yourself? That could be anything digitial; writing, music, anyth- pictures, like anything. Interviewee: Produce it… like, d-do I use GarageBand, kind of thing? (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Well, just likeInterviewee: Because no. (laughter) Interviewer: -do you- (laughter) Do you make, like, anything that you would consider media? Interviewee: ...pictures? Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: Um, I… doodle? Like, that. (gestures to drawing on wall) Interviewer: Ah! Interviewee: And occasionally I’ll take a picture of that and document it. Um, I definitely writeInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: um, a lot of the- anything published is up online. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, I take a lot of photographs; Instagram- so I guess that’s kind of media. Um, when I’m in Florence and I want my family to see pictures I will put pictures up on Facebook sometimes. �Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, I write poetry but it stays on my computer; nobody gets to see that. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, music. Like I use music, I download it, but I don’t reallyInterviewer: Create it? Interviewee: -create it, yeah. Um, I can’t think of anything else. Maybe I don’t, since I can’t think of anything else. Interviewer: That’s fair. Uh, what do you use most to create that kind of media, like Word, or Google Docs, or…? Interviewee: Um… Interviewer: ...Instagram? Interviewee: Word is my go-to, just because I’m used to it. Um, I’ve been using a lot more Google Docs lately, just because there are things that I have that don’t have Word on it. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um… yeah. Interviewer: Do you use any of that on your- on your actual phone? Interviewee: I hate typing with my thumbs. I type a hundred words a minute. So… this irritates me. Interviewer: Yes. It- it’s frustrating. Interviewee: I put myself through school as a secretary. Um, y’know, that’s one of the reasons my phone irritates me so much. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Because I can- I can write really fast on a keyboard. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, and I have to stop- I can’t think that slowly. �Interviewer: I understand. (laughter) Um, so based only on what’s on your phone, what do you use the most? Interviewee: Text. Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah, I think I’ve had some- and the phone, but um- and Instagram, to produce, y’know, kind of art or whatever. I take pictures. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And, y’know… Instagram. Interviewer: Any patterns that you notice in your media use, in what you make, or in what you consume, or…? Interviewee: Um… the worse the news the more I… Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: ...read. Take pictures. And do things that- make jewelry. Um, yeah, but in terms of media use… um, I don’t know about patterns. I know there are, like, y’know, places I’m getting more texts at a time. But I can go for weeks without that happening and have like one thing happen… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So that’s not really a pattern. That’s just, y’know, there are times when it’s worse and times when it’s better. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I don’t think it’s, like, a regular thing. Although, summers, when I’m with my family, um, that’s kind of crazy because there’s, y’know, a million of them. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I have very few friends here, but I have a very big family. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: So when I’m home, I’m surrounded by people, and I’m constantly in touch with them. Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: Here it’s mostly work, and y’know, an occasional lunch or whatever. Interviewer: Yeah, makes sense. Um, do you have any for like, protecting your privacy when you’re online, or when you’re making media? Interviewee: Oh, I just got a really obnoxious- well, I’m fairly well versed at phishing things, I’m not very- uh, I don’t get caught in those very often. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: My, um, my partner is a- y’know, he’s very good at data things. I’m not as careful as he isInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -because I just can’t remember everything. He’s got- like, he- he randomly generates his passwords. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: I just can’t remember everything like that. And so- but I’m very good at, y’know, coming up with good passwords. Interviewer: Good. Interviewee: Even my partner says I’m good at coming up with passwords. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Even if I’m not- y’know, randomly generating them. But uh, I’m very good at that, I don’t… uh, like for instance I’ll have groups of things with different passwords so I don’t have like one password. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And so, I can cancel like a whole group of something or I can, y’know, do it if I need to. I just got a nasty gram that basically said somebody had like, horrible things of me on film and I’m just like- I asked my husband and he’s like, “Yeah, no.” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And so, y’know, ignore that, but… one of the most dan- one of the ways I don’t protect myself is that I will use open Wifi, which I know… Interviewer: Yeah. It’s handy �Interviewee: Yeah, and it’s everywhere! And, y’know, you can get people phishing in on your stuff, but so far… um, no. And one of the ways I protect myself is I pretty much understand anything I write onto anything electronic as being public. Interviewer: RIght. Interviewee: So if it’s not public, I don’t write it. Interviewer: Exactly. Interviewee: Y’know, even if it’s privately to somebody, I think to myself, “Could I accidentally send this to somebody? Could I accidentally...y’know.” Interviewer: That’s...very wise. Interviewee: So, I’m not always perfect at it, but I’m probably better than most. So... Interviewer: Pretty good. Any important media use that’s not on your phone? Like anything that’s on your computer, on your TV, your tablet or whatever? Interviewee: Oh, we don’t have a TV. Interviewer: Oh? Interviewee: So, we watch a lot of YouTube; like we have big screen, and a projector at home. Interviewer: Oh, nice! Interviewee: Um, and so that’s mostly like- y’know, Fire Stick or whatever? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: So… we don’t watch a lot of TV but when we do, that’s kind of important. We watch movies on Netflix... Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: … that kind of thing. That’s on my phone, I suppose, but I never do that on my phone. Um, my hus- my part- my husband will occasionally watch, like, y’know, a five-minute comedy thing at breakfast on his phoneInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -with me, but for the most part, no. So there’s that. Grading- I do not grade on my phone, like I said earlier. �Interviewer: (laughter) Yeah. Interviewee: So there’s that. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I don’t pay my bills on my phone, but I do pay them on my computer. Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. Okay, so now we’re going to talk about your personal history a little bit. So how did you first start using, like, digital technology in general. Was there like…? Interviewee: …(sighs) Okay, this will age me. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: In 1985… Interviewer: Ooh! Interviewee: ...um, Apple started putting- it might have been 1986. Started putting computers in the basements of selected colleges. One of those- so actually, it was before that. So that’s a big thing, is that, for all of my college career, there were um- computers in the basement. Nobody had their own, like nobody had their own. Interviewer: RIght. Interviewee: But there were computers in the basement so you hadInterviewer: You had access. Interviewee: Yeah. But my aunt worked for IBM. Interviewer: Ooh! Interviewee: She was the Vice-President of IBM. Interviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: And we would occasionally- when I was a kid, like five, six years old, go up, and she had those little punch cards? Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: And she let us run them through for her. And then I would type things up for her when I was a little kid. I’d, like, type- she’d give me a thing and I’d type those at like, 6 o’clo- 6 six years old and I’d type letters for her. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And- y’know, in DOS, which I don’t know if you even know what that is. Interviewer: Vaguely. Interviewee: Yeah, that was like a long time ago. So yeah, at a- at a very young age I would mess- I messed around with people’s computers. Um, and that took a thing. Um, and then… but then we had a computer in the classroom that you could play games on and stuff. Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: I didn’t do much with that but it was there. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And then they had- they had desktops- desktop computersInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -in the basement in the classroom, and then I got out of college, y’know, my whole work was on computers because I was a reporter. And it took me a long time to- I would have to write out the first- like the first, opening, y’know, kind of paragraphs, and then I could type after that, but it took me a couple of years to be able to not- to be able to thinkInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -with a keyboard and not with a pen. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, so that was kind of this, y’know, must have been… I don’t know, ten, fifteen years later when those brick cellphones came out? Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I was going back and forth to grad school, and we got one of those because I was driving back and forth five hours in the snow on weekends. Interviewer: Ooh. �Interviewee: And so, y’know, my husband made me get a new car- I’d never had a new car before that either. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And he was like, “You’re getting a new car, and a cellphone.” And- that we- I justhardly ever used. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But we charged it up before I left. Interviewer: Just in case. Interviewee: Yeah, and so that was kind of in the car, (unintelligible). Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Y’know, and now, it’s in my back pocket all the time. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Right? It’s just this kind of… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, so you’ve described a lot of activities over the course of this interview, which do you think was the most difficult for you to learn? Or the most complex? Interviewee: … Oh, I think the phone keeps getting more and more complex… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, and specifically, (laughter) I haven’t talked about this a whole lot but this is the thing that irritates me about all of this stuff is...iTunes. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Just because I cannot get my music from one place to another without it being a big pain! Interviewer: (laughter) �Interviewee: It sometimes takes me weeks, sometimes months, because I won’t do- I won’t, y’know… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And so, trying to- trying to get something from one place to the other, and especially music has been- I do listen to music a lot, I have an iPod, which, I’m trying to wean myself off of, because it’s- I can’t get stuff onto it anymore. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So none of my new music is on it, but I can’t get my old music off of it. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: So, y’know, that’s been like- that kind of thing, just trying to get to know a particular, um, uh, way of manipulating my own data. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Because the things that we have to manipulate our own data in; they make it very difficultInterviewer: RightInterviewee: -to like move or doInterviewer: -yeah… Interviewee: -anything with, and um, so I think that it is a success for um, financiers and or, y’know, the people who own and buy stocks in those media spaces... Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: ...to do those kinds of things, but I think it is an abject failure for usersInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -that we have not, um, that we don’t have something that’s more, um, uh, compatibleInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -um, across platforms. �Interviewer: Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. Um, do you use that for more of a… business circlike a business section of your life or more socialInterviewee: Social. Interviewer: -yeah. Interviewee: Yeah, it’s mostly music that irritates the crap out of me. Interviewer: (laughter) Yes. Interviewee: And then trying to listen to it on my phone, it’s like- I can’t…(sighs). I own all these CDs. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I’ve got them on the- y’know, but I can’t get them on my phone. Interviewer: Right. Yeah. That makes a lot of sense. Um, when do you think you learned to do the most difficult activities that you feel comfortable with now? Interviewee: Moving from, um, a non-iPhone to an iPhone- and I did that for the photographic quality. Interviewer: Right (laughter) Interviewee: Um, was difficult There’s all sorts of things that the iPhone doesn’t do. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Like, you can’t- like, the scrolling thing when you write something down? You can’t just scroll through it. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: You have to like, individually hit the things? Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: That drove me crazy. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So I think maybe two or three years ago? Two or three years ago when I switched to an iPhone, having to curtail a lot of the things that I could do. And I did it for the photographs. �Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: And I’m not sure it’s worth it. Interviewer: (laughter) Understandable. Um, is there anything that you wish you knew how to do on your device? Interviewee: Yes, I think about this all the time but I cannot think of- I can’t think specifically of what right now, but there’s always th- like one is the music. Just.. figuring out how to make the music easier, um, there’s consistently things that I’m like, “Aahh!” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, but I can’t think of anything really specific right now… yeah sorry. Interviewer: Nope, that’s totally fine. Interviewee: It’s just kind of, very small thingsInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -fairly consistentlyInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -not anything big that I’m thinking of. Interviewer: Yeah, I understand. Do you think- I mean…(sighs) you probably al- know the answer to this already, but do you think you have enough digital skills to operate professionally, or in a business context? Interviewee: ...Yes and no. So, um, so I think that businesses have a tendency to look for people who can, kind of- “do Excel.” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: As opposed to, like, do you know how to work a spreadsheet. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And can you learn this one too? Because a lot of those are very much the same. Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewer: And what you really want is somebody who can think through things and learn things; I can do that. �Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: I don’t know all of the, y’know- I also worked as what’s called a “Kelly Girl.” Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: Which is basically secretarial. Because I-I learned how to type on a manual typewriterInterviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: -and then an electric typewriter. Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: Like I said, I can type really fast. So, um, so- I could get paid really decent- like I could get a job in 24 hours. I could get onto L.A. from Oregon, get a job in 24 hours, and be paid top dollar. Y’know, for a secretary. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, and make enough money to go back and pay for my education for the next year with a summer job. Full time. And- and a Kelly Girl is they go in and they test you, like they go in and they take all of your typing skills. And you can go into these places and they’ll go in and teach you whatever the newest thing is, like Dropbox or y’know, whatever. And they’ll give you these things and you’ll go in and study- and do them. I could do that. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, um, I’ve used a lot of publishing programs when I was in- when I was a reporter, um, so all of those things I could learn, but I don’t have the immediate skills- it would take me a month or so to kind of say, “What’s the media I need here; how do I train myself to do that?” Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, I’m competent enough to get that fairly quickly, but I couldn’t just move into a job. Like there’s some kind of expertise involved in thatInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -I couldn’t just, y’know, move into a job without kind of working at that. Interviewer: Do you think you have enough digital skills to operate in a more personal context? �Interviewee: I think I do, it irritates me but I do it. (laughter) Interviewer: That makes- yeah (laughter) That makes a lot of sense. Um, how would you describe someone who you think is like, digitally literate. Or…? Interviewee: I don’t think anybody’s digitally liter- digitally literate. Like, my husband is the most digitally literate person I know. He’s been an engineer, he writes his own, ‘y’know, data stuff. Like, {redacted} or, well, yeahInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Some of our IT guys who actually write programs for us, right? They’re great at what they do and they’re incredibly digitally literate. But things are h- they run into trouble too. Like a lot of what they do is troubleshoot. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Right? So digitally literate in this kind of sense is about troubleshooting, it’s knowing how to figure out the problems. It’s not about doing it right anymore. Right? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I mean, that’s what it kind of seems like to meInterviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: -you don’t just do things right. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: You go back and figure out what the problems are consistently; it’s a consistent problem-solving thing. As opposed to just using the stuff. And I think that’s the most frustrating thing to me, is that I don’t want to spend so much time trying to figure out what’s wrong. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: But even the people who are digitally literate do that, soInterviewer: Would you consider yourself to be digitally literate? Interviewee: ...um… Interviewer: In that context? �Interviewee: I’m not a programmer. Um, I have taken programming courses; I know the logic of programming, so I think I am- like- like in a non-programming kind of fashion I think I’m pretty digitally literate. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: But I’m not that next step up, which is kind of, y’know, programmer. Interviewer: A professional, right. Interviewee: Yeah. And I do have a tendency to get myself in enough trouble where I need somebody to bail me out on occasion. Interviewer: (laughter) Makes sense, yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. And PCs… like, I hate… Interviewer: The worst? Interviewee: They- they changed again. So, I’m like- y’know, now I’m calling for help again. Interviewer: (laughter) Understandable. Um, is there anything else that you’d like me to know, before we conclude the interview? Interviewee: ...I miss talking to people, like I miss actually- I do it, on a regular basis, and there’s even some friends that I now have who actually practice that too. Um, especially with me, because they know that I do that for them. But, um, I don’t think we get up out of our seats andor away from our phones and talk to each other enough. I think we use them as barriers, and I think that um… so I guess what I’d like you to know is that they are wonderful things. I wouldn’t want to do without mine, but I wish we more consciously practiced… uh, the messy world around us, y’know? And being uncomfortable with other people, and making fools of ourselves, and, y’know, all of that where you actually have to be face-to-face with somebody, um, to do it. And not just the bad stuff… I think it’s the risk that scares people. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And I think that the more you avoid the risk the more scareder you are- it’s very low stakes. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I mean, falling on your ass makes people laugh at you, for a while. But it’s better than not getting out and walking at all, I mean. So, we just need to, I think, realize the stakes of face-to-face encounters are much less than they seem to be when we’re normally on mediating kind of technology. And I love my technology but that makes me sad. �Interviewer: Yeah. I understand. Well, thank you so much for this interview, I really appreciate it. Interviewee: No problem. Interviewer: Alright. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Faith Ford Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 29 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Ohio, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Ohio, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Professor Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 40 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 21 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity DOS Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interiew with a Self-Described Non-Digitally Literate College Professor Description An account of the resource Interview #6 - Pre-1980 Birthdate An interview with a college professor about their use of their iPhone 8 and other technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Cellphone DOS iPhone professor https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/43436f3880cfd82cbd45ca202ea567b6.jpg 9df9784d99f94a54d09ea56f4f9e5218 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/7358aa3480078a3d4cbdaa63eda809d2.pdf 82433b1050c4f689652bb15e414e3d4e PDF Text Text 1 Interview with a First-Year Oxford College Student About His Digital Experiences Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #12 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 26, 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Sean Davidson1 conducted by Osasere Collette. Davidson is an African American male who is from Baltimore, Maryland and is 17 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. Osasere Collette is also a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American and was mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born within 2000-2005. Transcript OC: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely such as your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month (such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions) and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions? SD: No. 1 Following the protocol established with my Institutional Review Board, participant names are pseudonyms to preserve confidentiality. �2 OC: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? SD: No. OC: Okay then...Tell me about why you chose this device? SD: My Phone? OC: Yes. SD: I chose it because it’s the uh… device that I use the most, I use it every day and uh I got most of my memories on it. OC: Mhm...Okay...Okay...What apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? SD: Um… to plan my activities I use the calendar app, sometimes the reminders...umm...record...I guess sometimes snapchat, but that’s it. OC: Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities though? SD: Um..I got a lot of pictures and videos of me playing basketball, so basketball will be a main activity. OC: Oooohhh...You’re a basketball player. SD: Yeah I play basketball. OC: That’s the I guess, that’s the most umm...I guess significant to you would you say? �3 SD: Correct. OC: What patterns do you notice in the activities you are involved in? SD: Ummm...what do you mean by patterns? (laughing) OC: When I say patterns I just basically mean like things that you’re like heavily influenced in in basically your everyday life. SD: I already said basketball (laughing). OC: Okay then, What important activities are not reflected in the information on your device? SD: Mhmmm (laughing)...that’s a tough one (long pause)...I would say my schoolwork and like homework activities because I don’t really have... I put most of my academic stuff on my computer. OC: oh okay, so, Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in...with during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or even contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social-media interactions, or your video calls such as FaceTime maybe since you have an Apple device. What apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with other people? SD: I use snapchat every day, Instagram, um.. Sometimes I would use facetime, messages, um...I use twitter, and also just calling people on the phone. OC: So like, how do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? I.e., Do you use particular modes of communication for particular situations? People? Please enlighten me. �4 SD: Um… it depends on the person, so if I'm trying to talk to my parents or something I would either facetime or text, but if I’m trying to talk to one of my friends I would probably just snapchat them, unless I need an immediate answer, I would call or text them. OC: Are there any interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? SD: Ummm...I don’t think so. OC: Now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as FourSpace...FourSquare sorry, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. What apps or programs, if any, have records of the places you visited? SD: Umm… Snapchat has a location, umm...like services type app on it...I mean accessibility on it, also the Map and Ways app I use when I’m like driving. OC: Which app or program do you think that you use the most to navigate you in your everyday life. SD: Ummm...probably maps. OC: Maps. SD: Mmhmm. OC: Okay...Ummm...how did you first learn to navigate new locations? Like reading maps? Memorizing landmarks? SD: Ummm...I would just open the app(laughing). �5 OC: That’s interesting so you never really like I guess...I guess you never really memorized like certain places that you have gone to before because your does it for you huh? SD: Correct, I never really had to. OC: Furthermore, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the past month. For this section, I am interested in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played . . . or that you yourself have created and distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. You might have records of your media use in your browser history, your Google Search history, your Netflix history, your YouTube history. So please, what apps or programs do you use the most to access or even produce media in your everyday life? SD: I use Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and YouTube the most. OC: Why? SD: Ummm...Instagram to catch up with people’s everyday lives to see what they’re posting, Snapchat to talk to people...umm...and just sending pictures of your face to several different people, Twitter you can really catch up on the news...umm...just get random thoughts from people’s heads and then YouTube people post videos about what they’re doing throughout the week and you just watch them. OC: Can you also tell me about your strategy to like store your media? SD: To store my media I usually save it on my phone. I have 32 gigs so that’s a good amount (laughing). OC: Mhm...Can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant for you? �6 SD: Ummm...for me I would say Apple music because when I'm going from class to class or place to place, I like to listen to music put my headphones in and just vibe. OC: That’s interesting...Just Vibe he said. SD: (laughter) OC: Lastly, what important media are not reflected in information on your device? SD: Ummm...I like to play videogames on my Xbox and then some people have PS4’s so I play uhh...2K, Call of Duty, FIFA, and stuff like that. OC: How long have you had, I guess, a video game system. SD: I bought myself a Xbox in fifth grade and then...so ever since fifth grade. OC: Hmmm...Alright lastly, hold on there I know it’s kind of draining. In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. First I would like to ask like, how did you start using digital technology, and how has you relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? SD: Ummm...I definitely believe that my relationship with technology has gotten better and like deeper because um...as a kid I didn’t really use it as much as I do now, cause now I’m on my phone everyday...um...like most of the day on different apps and stuff like that. OC: Of the activities you have described so far which, I guess, were the most complex for you to learn and maybe master? SD: Ummmmmmm….I really don’t know how to answer that. �7 OC: Oh okay then, so can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to do with your device? SD: I kind of wish I knew how to code because that seems like a nice skill to have. It seems helpful and like college situations and job opportunities. OC: What are you missing in order to learn how to complete that? SD: Ummm...just the education and I’m kind of lazy so I really do feel like coding. OC: Oh, so you mentioned education, do you feel like you have the digital skills to operate...effectively...um in a professional context? Like how could you measure this ability? SD: Ummm… I think my ability would be pretty good for a professional setting but..umm...measuring it I’m not really sure how I could go about doing that. OC: Well when I say measure in academic context like how do you feel like right now academically you are to I guess accomplish that? SD: Academically I think I can accomplish all of my goals in school using digital technology...um I’m well versed in that aspect of life in academics. OC: Oh...okay, how would you describe someone who is digitally literate then? SD: Uh… digitally literate...Someone who is digitally literate I would say is just someone who is able to use the digital networks and like digital aspects of life to...um...just accomplish what they need to accomplish. It doesn’t really matter, like I don’t think it’s one set opinion it’s just everybody and their own...um...aspects of life that they need to accomplish digitally. OC: Would you then consider yourself digitally literate? �8 SD: I would say so because I can accomplish my goals on the internet and such things of that nature. OC: How did you learn to become digitally literate then? SD: Mmmmm...I think just growing up around computers and stuff like that because like just the age we live in… it just happened that way. OC: Lastly, for the final question of the interview, is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there something I did not ask that I should have asked? SD: No. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Osasere Collette Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Sean Davidson (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 8 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Baltimore, MD State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Baltimore, MD Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 2001-2005 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity African-American Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since Middle School Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a First-Year Oxford Student About His Digital Experiences Description An account of the resource Interview #12 - Post-1980 Interview This is an oral interview with Sean Davidson1 conducted by Osasere Collette. Davidson is an African American male who is from Baltimore, Maryland and is 17 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. Osasere Collette is also a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American and was mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born within 2000-2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English African-American Apple college student iPhone post-1980 birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3871c7855790088f2d69ffdee2f38d9b.pdf 22a7af1ebc094efcff3a63dafeb8e8ca PDF Text Text 1 Interview with a Basketball Coach About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #15 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Bill conducted by JJ Halaby, whose goal is to obtain insights into the way Bill uses digital technologies. He is a man in his late 60s from Kentucky and now resides in Oxford, GA. He coaches basketball at Oxford College of Emory University. JJ Halaby is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was born outside of Baltimore, Maryland. His major is Business Administration/Management and he aspires to be either a sports agent or a general manager. His goal in this interview is to document generational uses of and relationships with digital technologies at a moment in history when we still have access to those considered “digital natives.” He also seeks to complicate the public’s understanding of the digital natives/immigrant metaphor through a public oral history archive. Transcript JJ Halaby: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely—e.g., your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month (such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions) and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions?” Bill: Not really, I think I’m good. JH: To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a �2 calendar app, for example, or in a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media, or in a journaling app. Ok I’m doing that JH: Ok, so um, first question, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? B: Normally, I use…well certainly I use my Samsung S9. That’s the main device that I use. My back-up is my personal computer, which I think is a Toshiba. So yeah, I use the calendar, the Samsung calendar, and I sync everything into that on my phone. JH: Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? And then of those, which are most significant? B: Yea main activities, um, well certainly as a men’s basketball coach here at the school: Practices, meetings, for instance this one-on-one interview. Those things are important. Also family get-togethers. I have three children, six grand-children. We stay pretty busy with that. Uh…worship. I am a member of a local church body here so I’ve got lots of things going on through the church. So yeah, my faith, my family, and here at school are probably the main things I run my activities through. JH: And then are there any important activities not reflected in information on your device? B: That’s a great question. Uh, normally I either plan by putting it in there or I remain flexible and I something comes up, I do go back and put it in either there or in my notes. Which again is the Samsung notes, just to let me know what dates and what took place. For instance, a couple of days ago I had activities with our men’s basketball team and I put in there things I need to know about the van and I took who was in my van, how long the activities lasted… things of that nature. JH: Next section is about people. So, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or who contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social media interactions, or your video calls (such as Skype or FaceTime). Please provide roles or relationship names (such as mother, father, boss, co-worker) rather than people’s proper names. What apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with other people? �3 B: And your right on it, I’ve got a parent that lives near where I was born, she’s elderly, so I get back in touch with her and her family. And of course I communicate with my ball players; usually that’s via text message. That’s what they prefer through my phone. Emails are a big part of professionalism through my job. So communicating with coworkers and colleagues is usually via email. And believe it or not, I do talk on the phone. I receive and/or make phone calls. I like that verbal contact. I do recruiting for this school, so I try to contact the recruits on the phone. I will submit, though, that 8/10 times they will not answer the phone, so I end up having to text so we communicate that way. I did have a thing called messenger, through Facebook. Normally on Facebook I don’t use that to communicate much other then I like something. I try not to be, I’m not very social on there. But I got rid of the messenger because I can do everything I really feel like I need to do though the phone, and through messages, and through email. JH: So basically, you don’t have any apps that you use to communicate with other people other than the stuff that’s already on the phone? B: That’s right. I know about twitter. I know about one of the new stuff, but I don’t really utilize it. But I’m older so… JH: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? Do you use particular modes of communication for particular situations? B: I do, I do. I think email, business to business, professional to professional. I think they prefer that. Plus I’ve got a record, it forces me to express myself, and to write things that are punctually correct. Text I sometimes use shortcuts, and that more of a personal nature, maybe between family or friends. So yes I do. JH: And then what important interactions with people are not reflected in the information on your device? B: Well, the conversations that I have. Although, if it is an important conversation, I will make a note of it on my phone. But nine times out of ten if it’s an important conversation, and it’s not of a private nature, I like to have a third person with me to confirm every word. So yeah, that form of communication. JH: Part four is places. So, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as FourSquare, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. �4 B: I use Google maps, pretty much primarily. And I am big on, whenever I go somewhere, for instance, me and my wife went to a resort in Florida recently. Uh, we went to two restaurants in two or three days, and I am big on doing the reviews, the do them through Google. I am a top producer for reviews. So I do have Google maps that will let me know a footprint of everywhere I’ve been, and what we’ve done, publicly. JH: Do you use any apps or programs to discover new locations? For example, say you are in Florida, are they any apps you use to find a new food place? B: Well usually I would speak into my Google, and ask them “what are the top 5 restaurants within 20 min?” They’ll usually let me know. So that’s kinda what I use, mostly Google. JH: Do you have apps that track your movement, or use location services for them? B: What now? JH: Do you have any apps that track your movement, besides Google maps? B: Yeah I’m sure some of the apps have cookies, where they’ll find out where I’m at and what my location is. And I don’t mind, I do allow that. And I don’t have a lot of apps on my phone, I don’t utilize the play store much. I don’t play games, on my phone. JH: How did you first learn to navigate these different maps? B: When I first bought my new phone, the lady at the Verizon store went over it. She probably took 45 minutes with me, to go over things with me on my phone. It really helped me. And then my head coach here, where I work, has always had a Samsung as well. So he and his son have always been very helpful. JH: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your phone? B: Uh… could you give me an example? I think it pretty much tells mileage, exact location, times. JH: Yeah so basically if you have the Google maps on at all times, you wouldn’t have any. B: I wouldn’t have any problem. I think it tells everything on here. JH: Part 5: media. I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the past month. For this section, I am interested in social media �5 posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played . . . or that you yourself have created and distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. You might have records of your media use in your browser history, your Google Search history, your Netflix history, your YouTube history, and in your social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or Snapchat). B: I use Facebook daily, and so does my wife. We have a joint account. News media, I stay away from the tv news. I use One America News online. Its unbiased, very objective. I like it like that so I can make up my own mind. JH: Yeah. B: Um…I’m trying to think of what else you kinda asked. JH: What about entertainment media like Netflix or things like that B: Oh actually I am looking into this thing called Roku. It comes with my cable, saves me a little bit of money and gives me some access to free movies and family entertainment. I do that. I use YouTube online. And I use Spotify to make playlists. JH: Do you have any examples of media that you produce or alter in any sort of way? B: Well, yea I guess me and my wife do because sometimes we use our cameras and we’ll do maybe a 2 minute with our grandchildren. So yeah we’ve got some thinks that we keep that we will produce and store on our phones. JH: What patterns do you notice in your media use? B: Well, I look at One America News pretty much a number of times during the day. JH: So you don’t look at any other forms of news? B: Uh, I’ve got people that I follow. Like one man I know is an economist, probably in his 70s. I love him, I love what he writes. I don’t think that today’s people like him much, but I do. I think he’s really sharp and he’s got a good handle on things. I mean I could name a number of different people. But yea, I’ve got certain people that I follow. Being a biblical Christian, I like somebody who has more of a legal stance, they pattern themselves. They’re writers and authors. And it’s a diverse group. I’ve got a guy that from India. He’s brilliant. I’ve got a handful of black �6 men, but I don’t think they’re well received by their communities. But they’re really sharp, good guys that really have a handle on life. And I like to watch their videos on YouTube. JH: Tell me about your strategies for storing media. B: Eh… I don’t really store that stuff. I don’t really save it or try to save it. I am, though, really big on saving pictures, so we’ve got a cloud that we store things on. JH: Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. B: Well I think that we’ve got an agreement with that cloud through, I wanna say that’s Google. It’s supposed to be protected, I hope it is. JH: And then, in this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. How did you start using digital technologies? How has your relationship with it changed over time? B: Yeah, I was kinda, being an older fella, forced to do it because that was the way of the world and that was the way it was heading. My big thing was a day-timer, have you ever heard of that? JH: Nah what’s that? B: A day-timer was actually a black ink on white paper calendar that you kept. It was a book that you kept with you to put your appointments in there, phone numbers. You logged everything alphabetically and by date. But it just got so cumbersome. And when they came out with the cellphone and cellular technology, the industry I was previously in, which was contraction, I had my own business, was the best way to communicate with vendors as well as customers. So that kinda drove me that way. I’m really not proficient. There apps on this phone and things I’m sure that would help me and make things easier or better but I’m a dinosaur. I get used to certain things and if it functions and it works then I am not big on changing. Unless someone comes in my life saying “you can do this,” and they show me and help me. It takes me a while to get used to it, that’s about the only way that I can grow. As a matter of fact, I got something today that said “Coach, you’ve got this tweet handle, why don’t you use it?” All I know is what you put out there, they call it the world wide web for a reason and I want to be careful that what comes out of my mouth from my head, I can feel good about it. I’m not the smartest guy, so I usually refrain from doing so. JH: Of the activities you have described so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? �7 B: I don't know if there’s anything complex. Like I said I don’t really do anything that real complex. I actually went to a class today about video conferencing. This is where you actually use your phone and can have a video conference with people on different devices, where everyone can communicate and still see each other. I got the gist of it, but I’ll have to go back another time to figure out how to do it. But I don’t utilize it much s I don’t think there is anything too difficult. JH: Do you feel that you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional environment? B: I do. I think I do. I think I could get better at it, but my job doesn’t require a lot so I’m able to deal with it. JH: And same thing for personal context? B: I think that my best gift. I think communicating and listening and getting a feel for people, discerning, and I enjoy verbal one-on-one, I do like that. I think I am proficient enough to know when to text or email. JH: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? B: Illiterate or literate? JH: Literate. B: I admire them, but I would caution them. Be careful because…I’ll give you an example. When we went to Florida, we went to a restaurant and saw, I think it was two families sit at a table maybe nine feet from us. And they had probably been seated and maybe a minute had gone by, but everyone was sitting there looking at their phones. And the kids ranged from 4 or 5 to 16 maybe with grown-ups as well. Me and my wife said “You know what, they’re away and they’ve got a family outing and still they’re talking to people who aren’t there meanwhile they’re loved ones are right next to them. So you’ve got to be careful about that. Sometimes I think it will weaken our verbal skills, our interpersonal reactions, make us, you know. And you need to use those. Hearing the inflection of your voice lets me know the emotion that behind what you’re saying and a text can’t do that. JH: Yeah in our class we’ve talked about how this generation now is not as good at verbal communication because of the use of technology. �8 B: And yet on the other side, they’re very efficient on a lot of different technology, and that’s good. JH: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? B: Yes, I’d say I’m literate. I use that in the context of if someone were to ask me if I had a literate command of the English language. Can I get by? Can I communicate? Can I buy and sell? And I can, so I think that I’m ok. Yes. JH: Is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there anything that I should’ve asked that I didn’t? B: No I think you were very thorough. It sounds like a good class and I think you did a good job. JH: Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview JJ Halaby Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bill Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 8 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Kentucky Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1956-1960 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity White Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Basketball coach Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 24 years Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. smartphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung S9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Basketball Coach About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource This is an oral interview with Bill conducted by JJ Halaby, whose goal is to obtain insights into the way Bill uses digital technologies. He is a man in his late 60s from Kentucky and now resides in Oxford, GA. He coaches basketball at Oxford College of Emory University. JJ Halaby is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was born outside of Baltimore, Maryland. His major is Business Administration/Management and he aspires to be either a sports agent or a general manager. His goal in this interview is to document generational uses of and relationships with digital technologies at a moment in history when we still have access to those considered “digital natives.” He also seeks to complicate the public’s understanding of the digital natives/immigrant metaphor through a public oral history archive. https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/54f7b627d3ea7aa38e40e1f940f319be.png b439e14ab4d4a40ab4f5dc7061a8b84f https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/c2eb980ae546a12fefd07a710fec236d.pdf ce45911a57055b810f314e447c2bcd94 PDF Text Text Interview with a Chemistry Major About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #14 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 2018 This is an oral interview with a female student born between 1996 and 2000. The interview included questions about her relationship with digital technologies and the way digital technology has affected the way she was raised. As a chemistry major, she is often found scribbling chemical bonds on paper and googling explanations online. The digital device she chose for the interview is a MacBook Air 13” 2015. For the purpose of confidentiality, the interviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters “E.T.” The interview was conducted by Michele Chen, a current first year Oxford Student interested in the relationship between digital technology and the way people are raised. She is a first-generation student whose parents immigrated from China to New York. She is interested in developing a better understanding of people and hopes to pursue a career in public health. MC: Can I take a picture of your device? ET: No. chuckles MC: Do you have it just on your home screen? OoOOo That's pretty. ET: I just changed it. I had a monkey before. MC: Oh, that would have so much more personality. ET: No, no it was embarrassing. 00:38 MC: What apps or program do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? ET.: Google Calendar MC: Google Calendar? ET: Yeah MC: Okay. Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? ET: Um, like, I play Sims 4 a lot, but not recently. E.T.’s MacBook Pro 13” 2015 on her home screen. MC: The what 4? �2 ET: The Sims 4 which is like the saddest game ever cause you basically just, I don't even know. MC: So, did you play 1,2, and 3 or did you just play 4? ET: I started at 2 and then I got addicted so then I went to 3, but like each time the graphics get like better so it's like I waste more money. chuckles MC: When did you start playing Sims? ET: 5th grade? MC: 5th grade? Okay. Umm. Okay so what patterns do notice in your activities and the role your device plays in them. ET: The pattern of my activities? Okay, so the patterns of my activities. So, uhh, mainly homework nowadays. I use Emory Canvas a lot. MC: Emory Canvas? Okay. ET: uhh, Opus. MC: Opus. Okay ET: uhh, Pages because I like it better than Word, but I'll copy and paste it onto Word for the grammar because grammar is better. MC: Do you use Pages because it's what Mac has? ET: Yeah, and I'm just used to it. MC: Okay ET: I like the format better, but a lot of people would disagree. MC: Ohh okay. ET: Can I go get a tissue? MC: Yeah, are you sick? ET: I'm not like sick, I'm just congested. I think I'm okay, it's just weird. MC: Okay, uhh, what important activities are not reflected in your device? ET: Like, activities as in what I do? �3 MC: I guess, it would be like, yeah. ET: I don't know. MC: If someone were to spy on you from your laptop, what do you do that they wouldn't know about? ET: Everything I do physically. chuckles Yeah, like working out and stuff? chuckles I don't know. Wait, no, because I have a bookmark for workout videos so. Just kidding, that's not true. Yeah, no I don't know how to answer that question, honestly. chuckles MC: Okay, alright, um. Part 3. 4:46 MC: Look through your device to see what records you have of people you have been involved with in the last month. Um, like records of people you have contacted or who have contacted you, your phone records, text messages, emails, social media interaction, and video calls. ET: Mhm. MC: Please provide roles or relationship names rather than people's proper names. ET: umm, my best friend. I'm looking at FaceTime right now. So I mean, I don't really FaceTime more often but uhh, it's what I’ve been using more recently since I've been here. And uhh, my mom, my aunt, and my best friend. That is all. MC: chuckles ET: But more frequently, like yesterday, it says that I FaceTimed her, my best friend, and then a week before that and like year. MC: Where is your best friend now? ET: New York City. MC: Ohh nice. ET: She's at NYU. MC: Okay, what apps or programs do you use to communicate with other people? ET: Umm, text messaging. It's nice because I have an apple and an apple. your text message go to �4 your computer so it's like score. MC: Uhh, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it? ET: I noticed that since I've moved to college, I don't text as much. It's weird cause it's like, the people who you need to communicate now you're just going to see them so like yeah. MC: Yeah, yeah, and it's like wait, I don't understand this homework problem, oh i can just walk like 30 seconds to get help. ET: Yeah, the only people I really do text is my mom, my best friend, and my roommate if I get locked out. chuckles MC: Ohh, okay. How often do you get locked out? ET: I only got locked out once, but like I would just be like can you do this and yeah. These people cooked in the kitchen the other day and it smelled really good. MC: what were they cooking? ET: Asian food. chuckles MC: How do you decide which mode - oh you already answer this. You like text messages because the thing with apple and apple. ET: Okay. MC: What important interactions with people are not reflected in your device? ET: Umm, I guess since we don't get phone calls to my computer, you don't see that like. I guess also like text messages. You get iMessages, not text messages so like you wouldn't think I have a brother, but I do. chuckles MC: Ohhh, he's not Apple? ET: Yeah, he's like anti-Apple. So, like I text him with my phone, but not on my computer. MC: Okay, wait why doesn't get an Apple to make everything... ET: Yeah, I don't know. MC: Does he have an apple laptop? ET: No. MC: Oh, okay. �5 ET: chuckles 8:00 MC: Part 4. Uhhh, okay. So, look through your device to see what records you went in the past month. Um, for example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps in the location services data on your phone, in location based social media such as Foursquare, or in self tracking apps such as the one used in fitness. Uhh, what apps or programs have record of the places you've visited. ET: Uhh, I'm looking at Google Maps right now and currently it's showing like weird places. Moves mouse around. Click of the mousepad sounded. Visited. No places visited. MC: Do you use the regular - you know how apple has their own maps? ET: Yeah. MC: Do you use that? ET: Not really because I feel like it doesn't block out traffic as much. yeah. I use Waze sometimes, but I mostly use Google Maps. But since on Google Maps, you can download maps like, so you don't like use data or whatever and as much battery. moves finger on mousepad around. I do have a map downloaded of France. MC: Of France?! ET: moves finger on mousepad around. And Rome for some reason. From two years ago. Not sure why. So yeah. This is of Paris. Nice. chuckles No, no, it is from Marseilles in France. Image of a route in the city in purple. MC: chuckles Okay. is that some place you want to go? ET: No, I went there this summer. MC: Ohh okay, okay. Could you imagine getting around without google maps? ET: Probably not. pause Probably not. What else is there? moves finger on mousepad around. What is this? I think this is in Italy - no it's in Rome! Cool. Chuckles and moves finger on mouse pad. And then this one is also Rome. I don't know why this is here, but I think my mom used it. MC: Ohh, okay. ET: Yeah. �6 MC: She went to Rome without you? ET: No, she probably just used my computer. MC: Ohh okay. Alright. Do you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations? ET: To discover locations? Um. Usually, I just google them. like I'll google like where to go in this place and where to eat donuts near me. I don't know. chuckles MC: Um, do you have any apps that track your movement or permit location services on? ET: nods Yeah, but I always do it when it's like 'when using' that app not always. MC: Do you use any apps to check into places? ET: No MC: Yeah, me too. I don't use yelp. what patterns do you notice from the places you visit and your movement from place to place? ET: Um, I realized that I don't really go to places. Just kidding, uh. when i drive places, it's usually to gymnastics or to Walmart or to Duluth sometimes I guess. MC: How was Duluth? ET: It was nice. MC: How long was the drive there? ET: Um, it's like an hour. MC: Okay. What, uh, how did you first learn to navigate new locations? ET: um, I use google Maps or Waze. even if you get lost, like yesterday I passed the like exit, you figure it out. I think technology is really good now that it reroutes you within seconds. MC: Oh yeah ET: Yeah, because you're like "OH NO" but it's okay. MC: Do you remember the first time you had to go someplace unfamiliar? ET: I remember when I first started driving, like it was like a real struggle, because it was like don't look down at the phone, but also don't take your eyes off like the road like yeah. but I've done a lot �7 better and am more confident about driving that like I can look down for like a split second so yeah. It's a lot of trouble when like you don't know where you're going but you're not confident in your driving skills. when you're alone and you’re driving, that's a lot. MC: Do you have GPS turned on? like the voice thing ma bob. ET: Yeah, but even then, sometimes I fault google maps for telling me right when it is. I feel like Waze is better for that. MC: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected in information on your device? ET: Um, I don't. I don't know. I guess, I'm looking at my recently visited places and places I look up to see directions and see how far it is, but I don't actually go there so that's yep. chuckles 13:51 MC: Part 5 Media. Um, in this section, I would like to ask you to look through your device at the media you've used during the past month. So, like social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, tv shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched or played, or that you yourself have created or distributed. Um, so based on what you see on your device, what apps do you use most to access or produce media? ET: Netflix. Both: chuckles MC: Netflix? What have you been watching on Netflix? ET: Um, I just finished the latest season of the great British Baking Show. chuckles MC: Oh my gosh, me too! ET: I so glad Sophie won because like I was like she deserved it. cause like Steven messed up. MC: Yeah, I also feel like in the beginning, Sophie was also such like, she was just not ET: She was so humble. MC: a big present. Both: Yeah, yeah. ET: And I was really happy when Stacy got out. �8 MC: Stacy? yeah. I was too. ET: She, she's very ... very like. She struggled with confidence but like at the same time she was trying to assert herself in a way that you're like "okay I don't like you." chuckles MC: Okay, now that that's over, what's next on your to-watch list? ET: Uh, my friend was telling me to watch House and ... on Amazon Prime so I was watching that this morning. MC: How is it so far? ET: pretty good. I mean I started watch episodes, but then I started watching the Great British Baking Show so now I'm back. chuckles But yeah. MC: Um, do you prefer, okay, do you prefer amazon video to Netflix or is it the other way around? ET: Nah, I prefer Netflix but like some things like Amazon - it's like if you had like a tier, it would be Netflix, Amazon Prime. MC: Um, can you give me some examples of some media that are especially significant for you? ET: Umm, like new videos? MC: I guess so ET: I like Facebook, but like yeah. I feel like the big three I usually use are Netflix, Facebook, and YouTube. MC: Do you ever go on Instagram on your laptop? ET: Not really, barely but when I’m really bored, I'll do that. but if i have my laptop, I'll just watch Netflix. MC: Um, can you give me some examples of media you produce or alter in some way? ET: Um, no. MC: What patterns do you notice in your media use? ET: Um, they're all centered around visuals and without having to read things. chuckles like I realized like when there is a good platform that like you have to like, not that you have to read a lot but it's just like I rather look at like pictures of people and see what they're doing rather than like listen to them talk about like something. MC: Yeah, do you think that's why twitter is kind of dying out a little? �9 ET: Yeah, I think there's something about having visuals and videos in front of you that like, it's more inclusive. I don't know. chuckles MC: Branching off that, do you think that's why technology is getting more popular because it's like instead of writing emails which is all words, you can send a snap that's all pictures. ET: Yup MC: Okay, what patterns do you notice in your media use? so just lots of Netflix you said right? ET: Yes, just a lot of visuals basically. MC: Tell me about your strategy for storing your media. ET: For storing media. like as in bookmarking pages? MC: I guess so, yeah. ET: Cause that's all i do. I just have a favorites page that has like basically all the websites I use, and it looks like apps on a phone but it's not. MC: Okay, what are some ways you share media with others? ET: Um, i don't know. I don't really post things. I like, I like creepily to look at other people's things. but i don't like posting things. MC: I went on your page and most of your posts is like your mom or your dad showing how they're so proud of you. It's so sweet. ET: chuckles I don't post anything on Facebook and I rarely post anything on Instagram, but like yeah. I don't yeah, I don't post things to, but it's like a self-conscious thing. MC: I also feel like there's so much pressure to like to get a "good" picture. ET: Yeah MC: Um, tell me about any strategies you have for protecting your privacy with media usage. ET: Protecting my privacy? Uh, I feel like macs do a better job than dells at protecting privacy, like if you illegally stream things, it's easier to do that on a mac than to do it on dell because dell freaks out if you do anything sketchy. But yeah. I don't know. I don't really. I just hope the software does a good job. chuckles I don't really do anything to try to protect my privacy. MC: Um, what important media are not reflected in information on your device. So, for example, �10 reading newspapers or magazines, listening to the radio. ET: Um, nothing really. Cause I mean, I like to listen to music, but I don't really listen to music that often. If I try to read something, like the other day when I was trying to block out sound, I just played rain sounds. chuckles MC: That's so cool. ET: Instead of playing music because I was trying to read a textbook so yeah. it was a weird thing. MC: Oh no, no. chuckles It sounds soothing. 20:10 MC: Okay, last part. Um, I'd like you to reflect on your history with the device you have shared with me focusing on how you learned to use them in a way that you currently do. So, how did you start using digital technologies and has your relationship with it changed over time? ET: Yeah, like you become more familiar like you adapt to it, but I first learned by playing computer games that my mom had downloaded and pause I'm trying to think. How did I begin? MC: What kinds of games did you play? ET: Uh, Fischer Price, like ABC games, and then like a baseball game, and then my friend - my nextdoor neighbor, she played Sims but yeah. MC: Do you still play sims now? ET: Not really, not too much. But when they come out with new things and like they're on sale, I’ll try them out and I'll play for like, maybe, like two weeks, like I don't know, like play like one day or two days a week but that's really it. Yeah. MC: Um, of the activities you have described so far, which was the most complex for you to learn? ET: I don't any of them are really complex. I think it's like, the most complex seems like downloading things like sims or like other software you need to use like for homework and stuff like that but otherwise i don't think it's that difficult to figure out how to use it. Chuckles MC: Okay, can you tell me when and how you learned to complete … ET: What? MC: Could you tell me when and how you learned to do all of this? I think you already talked about that. �11 ET: Just like, over time, I think I hit a point in like fifth grade that like I got my first computer which was like a giant Dell for some reason because my mom had a similar laptop. But that's when like I started to learn how to use the tools correctly. MC: What was the transition from Dell to Mac like for you? ET: Uhh, pretty easy because my mom - well my brother initially had a mac and then my mom got a mac so then I was like "oh, I like that software" so yeah. MC: Um, can you tell me about any activities you knew how to complete with your device? ET: I wish I knew how to code. MC: Yeah ET: chuckles MC: Why do you wish you knew how to complete them? ET: I feel like it's really relevant to anything nowadays. MC: What are you missing in order to learn how to code? ET: Time. chuckles Cause there's this thing called code academy where you can like learn how to do it and it literally does it step by step for you and teaches you. and like I was like "I'm going to learn this summer" and like a couple of summers ago and I just never did. MC: Okay let's learn it together over winter break! ET: Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah MC: So, when we see each other again in January we have to have that digital certificate or whatever ET: Yeah, yeah, saying we know how to code. Chuckles MC: Okay, alright, so that's what we are doing over winter break. ET: Alright. MC: Uh, do you feel like you have ET: Now that you recorded it, we have to do it. MC: Yeah. �12 Both: chuckles ET: showing motions of scrolling on her mousepad. MC: Dr. Reid's going to hear it. Do you feel you have the digital - is this Instagram? OOoOo. ET: Yeah. Chuckles MC: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? ET: Yeah. Ponders Yeah. MC: So aside from Pages, what else do you use? ET: Well this summer, I did stuff at like NYU hospital for research and stuff. I did like searches on PubMed so I feel like I know how to do that really well which is trying to use google but more scholarly. but yeah, that's that. Okay. I wish I knew how to use excel better though. MC: Are you taking a class where you have to use it right now? ET: No, I just wish I knew how to use it better. Chuckles MC: Um, how would you describe someone who is digitally literate? ET: Um, someone who knows how to use a computer well and chrome well and knows how to like to interact with other people using their devices. MC: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? ET: Yeah MC: Aside from practice over time, how do you think you became digitally literate? ET: Um, I feel like it's practice over time like you just need to get used to because you're just using it every day. MC: And is there anything else you would like me to know or I did not ask that i should have? ET: No MC: Okayy Both: chuckles � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Michele Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed E.T. (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Interview Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 12 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides New Jersey, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born New Jersey, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee United States Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Chinese Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper middle class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 13 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. MacBook Air 13" 2015 Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Laptop Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Chemistry Major About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Description An account of the resource Interview #14 - Post-1980 Birthdate This is an oral interview with a female student born between 1996 and 2000. The interview included questions about her relationship with digital technologies and the way digital technology has affected the way she was raised. As a chemistry major, she is often found scribbling chemical bonds on paper and googling explanations online. The digital device she chose for the interview is a MacBook Air 13” 2015. For the purpose of confidentiality, the interviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters “E.T.” The interview was conducted by Michele Chen, a current first year Oxford Student interested in the relationship between digital technology and the way people are raised. She is a first-generation student whose parents immigrated from China to New York. She is interested in developing a better understanding of people and hopes to pursue a career in public health. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Apple college student MacBook https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/b30e3072b68ddb3fb56100914bd20e08.pdf 6934569c6fd37577657303608d2c03c9 PDF Text Text Interview with a Chinese College Student About Her Experience with Apps Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #10 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 2018 Introduction The interviewee has been given the pseudonym initials of Destiny Ray*. She is originally from China and attends Oxford College of Emory University in the US. She is currently 18 years old and talks about his/her experience with digital technology. Pam Collins* is an Indian student at Oxford College of Emory University and is conducting this interview to learn more about the role of digital technology in our lives. The digital device used for this interview is an iPhone 6s. [*For confidentiality, pseudonyms have been used for both the interviewer and the interviewee.] Interview Transcript PC- Hello! DR- Hello! PC- Through this interview, I would like you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that you find very significant. So, this could be your cell phone, maybe your laptop or any other device that is really important to you. And if the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month. This could be calendar entries, text messages, phone calls really anything and I want you to talk to me about the people you interacted with, the places you've been, or the way you use social media and communication in technology. DR- Sure PC- Great! So, I just want to make it a point that you can decide what to comment on, what to ignore and you can decide when to share an example by showing it on your device. You should, preferably, only share examples that you are comfortable doing so and refrain from sharing any information about anything illegal or anything that could compromise the privacy of another person. So, try not to use names When referring to other people you could just, sort of, name them by their role rather than their name. For example- “my mother”, “my family”, “my co-worker” etc. So, before we begin, do you have any questions? DR- No PC- No? Okay! Um, tell me about your device and why you chose it. DR- Ah, I used my mobile phone because I bring it with me all the time. I need it to connect with my family and my friends and I also I like to Snapchat my friend to see whenever they're free, so we can go lunch and dinner together. �PC- Okay, that's great! So, you just mentioned like a bunch of activities that you like to do with your phone So could you just do me a favor and look to your device and see what records you have of the activities you are involved in just for this past month. This could be activities in the calendar app or in the to-do list invitation, events…. anything. DR- Ok, when I see through my photos it has the locations on it. Okay, and I saw I went to the Fall Retreat which is at the Athens Park in Georgia last week and last weekend we went to Conyers and had dinner and I also saw that we also went to the museum. PC- Okay! So of these activities, which one is the most significant to you? DR- Do you mean like apps? PC- Yes, like the main activities that you do on your apps. DR- I use WeChat most when I want to either chat or do video calls with my family and I will see Snapchat to connect with my friends here. And I also use Instagram to see what others posted and I also use my music app to listen to some music while I'm free or doing homework, you know? So, I like calendars to see my schedule, which places I'm going and that's basically it. PC- Great, so you use, like, a lot of apps! Do you notice any pattern activities the role of your device? DR- Because WeChat is a Chinese app so I connect with my most of my Chinese friends with it, and Snapchat I use it in my daily life for my friends here and also I see Instagram for my other friends which I do not really connect with so often. PC- Hmm, so you were talking to me about how you use WeChat if it's for your Chinese friends and Snapchat for US friends. Is that how you decide which mode of communication to choose over the other like based on friends or is there something that you would like to elaborate on that? DR- For example for my family and my friends in China, we talk with each other and we are in different time zones so probably use WeChat most often in the morning and at night. I Snapchat during the middle of the day because I can text my friends here. PC- So, are there any important interactions with people that are not reflected in the information in your device? DR- Mainly like the blogs. Just sometimes the blogs that I see the post of. But I don't know them, I just follow them. PC- Yeah, that's good! You were talking previously about you know the Photos app and the location services. So, could you just do me a favor and look to your device and see records of places that you went the past month. I don't know, but this could be maybe your Apple Maps, Photos app or any location app that you have on your phone. DR- I can see on Instagram when I post photos. I add the location and I can see when I visit the Emory college in Atlanta when I go for the World of Coca-Cola and I also can see the location when I went to the Fall Retreat. �PC- Okay! So you allow all these apps to, sort of, track your movement? Do you permit location services? DR- My permit for most of my apps. PC- And how did you make your choice? DR- For apps like video games on my phone, I normally do not permit those permission because I don't think it is necessary. But on social media, I have a chance to post my photos, I will permit and also for like Uber map and things that I have to, you know, share my location. PC- Okay! Those are like instances when you would use location services but how did you first learn to navigate your location? DR- I think I did it when I was using a map to see where I'm going. Back in the country, my parents think it is not safe to share your privacy or your phone information. Seldom I allowed these permissions but after the apps became so popular and so useful, I just get used to giving permissions to all these apps. PC- Hmm, for this section I'm interested in your social media posts, text photos, music videos, TV shows etc. It could also be anything you have created or distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media or news media/ so based on what you so see on your device, what programs do you use most often? DR- I like to sometimes play video games and also some YouTube where I used to watch some videos. And also use Amazon sometimes to see what I have to buy. PC- Okay, do you prefer one app or program? DR- Ya, of course. While using social media or chatting app I prefer WeChat over Snapchat because it has record of your conversation. Messenger is not popular used among my friends. PC- Great! Could you talk me a little bit about some of the ways or your strategy for storing your media? DR- Storing your media? PC- Ya, maybe pictures? Maybe apps? DR- Hmm. I just put a lot of pictures and post a lot of my moments on WeChat, Instagram, and also I post on blogs, I store music in my music apps. I also store those..like mails on my mailbox. That’s how I check my email. PC- Wow great! Thank you! In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device you have shared with me, focusing on, maybe, how you learned to use it in the way that you currently do. DR- Sure PC- So, how did you start to use digital technology? How is your relationship with it so far? Has anything changed over time? �DR- Uh, I think I start to use digital media, um, digital technology at a young age. Like when I was really young, like kindergarten or preschool, I watched TV with my family and I sometimes saw my parents using computers but at that time I don't really know like what are the functions of the computer is. PC- Hmm, of course DR- And when I go the primary school. Uh, elementary school, I started to use my computer but like, this is the very old laptop, like PC? PC- Okay DR- And, ya, it works really slow. And I only know how to play games on it, like those simple games. And I seldom used it as a search engine or, like, a social media account because at that time I had my own social media account, but I seldom used it. I hardly use it. And when I was in middle school, I started to use my mobile phone more often. I started to see those blogs and stay online with my friends through social media. I talk to them all the time. And in high school, I became the like the most important part of my daily life. PC- Um, you just told me a lot of activities right? What do you describe to be the most complex to learn? DR- I think it should be the social media part because there are so many different approaches to those apps like Instagram, Facebook you know? There are so many new information on it and you got to choose from all these different blogs, like which one you would like to follow. PC- Ya, you use this in the personal context? Or maybe it's more professional or academic? DR- I think it is more personal. PC- personal? Ok, great! Can you tell me how did you, or rather when did you complete learning these complex activities? DR- I think in middle school. PC- In middle school? Interesting. Are there any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? DR- Umm, I think I am presently satisfied with what I can do on my phone. PC- Okay! How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? DR- Literate? PC- Yes, so you feel like you have digital skills required to operate the job effectively in a personal context or academic context, right? So what do you think it means to be ‘digitally literate’? DR- He knows how to find the key to the question he wanted within a short amount of time. And also how we can connect with our friends. Ya, I think that’s it. PC- So, do you think you can do that? �DR- Yes, I can PC- So you consider yourself digitally literate? DR- Yes! PC- Okay, great! Is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there something I did not ask and should have asked? DR- I think that's it. PC- Alright! Thank you so much for your time! Have a good day! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Pam Collins (Pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Destiny Ray (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 5 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Jiangsu, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 1 year old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone 6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Chinese College Student About Their Experience with Apps and Other Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #10 - Post-1980 Birthdate The interviewee has been given the pseudonym initials of Destiny Ray*. She is originally from China and attends Oxford College of Emory University in the US. She is currently 18 years old and talks about his/her experience with digital technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese college student international student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3d66ff617df0cbca3d11816e34e02427.jpg 3751214a256b3df4a8f9f56292d181e4 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/863c884845b4507f7d170878d17f4af6.pdf 114d6dff8947820ec009d3fcde79b7b6 PDF Text Text Interview with a Chinese Engineer About His Experience with Digital Literacy Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #2 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 This is an interview between C and me about the usage of digital technology. C is 53 years old and he lives in China. He uses cell phone frequently in work and life. He chose cell phone as the device he wants to use in this interview. This is an interview conduct through video call. I am the interviewer. I am Carolyn, a student from Oxford College of Emory University. Carolyn: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your mobile phone, laptop, desk computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to look at the record of your activities during the past month, such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, website, and social media interactions and talk to me about it. Especially are the places you go and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what you ignore. And you can decide when to sharing some examples by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Please don't share information about anything illegal, or information that would compromise the privacy of another person and please don't mention the names of the other people. We were referring to their names please name them by dear old rather than their name for example A co-worker or a family member. So, before we begin do you have any questions? C: No. Carolyn: okay do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Can you tell me why you choose this device? C: The brand of my phone is called Huawei, and it is a very popular cell phone brand in China. I chose cell phone mostly because I need to contact. And through my phone, I can search for some information online that I'm interested, and read some articles that I concern. And mostly used it as a camera while I was working. Also, when I'm driving I use it to navigate. Long time ago, well, a few years ago, we have to buy a separate navigator on our car, but for nowadays those technologies are outdated. We mostly use our cell phone and that is mostly we need for the navigating. And also with my phone, I use it to pay money. I hardly bring any cash with me daily. I can transfer money on my card through some Banking apps I can buy stuff that I want. especially those when we use small money or changes, I never bring changes with me but I used to bring a lot of them cuz I need to use them to buy thing. But now you just use your cell phone to control all your money. So, it is really convenient and it is a very essential tool for us. Carolyn: It is true Alipay and WeChat pay in China is really convenient and popular. To start, I'd like to ask you to look through your devices to see records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example or a new to-do list, and invitations to events through social media, or in the journaling app. �What apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate or records activities? C: Yeah, sometimes I need those apps to record or like her to do list, cuz sometimes I forgot what my plans are and I need to look at those apps to see my past records of my activities. Like some very important events, I will record them in my calendar so I can plan things ahead. For example, if I'm attending a wedding of my friend I will records the time just in case I forgot. I will set an alarm to remind me. For example, it will automatically tell me that I need to pay for my credit cards, so that I will not forget and cause some troubles. And to me the most important function in my work is to book ticket. Through my apps, I can look up for flight tickets or highway ticket and I can buy them easily. Carolyn: Based on what you see on your device, what are your most significant activities? C: Well the most important one... I felt there are all important. For the most significant part, I will probably say it helps me keep in touch with others. In business, we are normally busy and I have a lot of people to connect with. Following are some apps those functions in different way likes business or other factors. Well, anyway, I felt phones are so important that we cannot live without it. Carolyn: Okay good. So, the third part is about people. I like to you to look through a device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of who you contacted or contacted you in your phone records, your text messages, or email, your social media interactions, or your video calls. So please provide Rose or relationship names other than people's real name. So, what do you think are the most frequent apps you use to communicate with others? C: I would say in my phone I use WeChat most frequently. I can make video calls with my family, and we can chat and share some anecdotes. For video call I only do it with my family. For my high school or college classmates or some of my coworkers, we have a lot of group chats on WeChat. We all communicate through these group chats. I contact with my family mostly then are my friends and my coworkers. Carolyn: So, do you see any pattern in your communication with others? Like what apps you used to communicate with certain people and what apps you don't use with them. C: What normal is the case that for people that I don't really know I would prefer make a phone call to make it clearer. While for those that I'm already familiar with that I know, gradually people will turn to use WeChat to keep in touch with each other. And I also noticed that I used to use texts a lot, and all the people in the past text each other. But in recent years, people hardly use text messages and they're all replaced by the chat. Unless you don't have their WeChat, you have to contact them through text messages. Carolyn: The Fourth Part is about places. Can you look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past months. for example, you might have records of places in your calendar, in a mapping apps such as Google map in the location service data of your phone, in location-based social media. So, if you can look through your phone what apps or program do you have the records of the places you visited? C: It is my apps for booking ticket. So, through these apps I can see what places I have gone and where I depart from. Carolyn: So, what are the apps you use to navigate? C: I use Baidu Map most, anywhere in my country I use Baidu Map to see medications and see where I'm going. So, I can also track my records of the places I went through it. While sometimes for some privacy issue, I don't let my apps to track my locations. I ban some of the �location services when I first downloading the app. But I've never checked if they really can reach my information or not. Carolyn: This is a bit similar to the next question, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? C: For most of the time I don't want my apps to record this information. But in some case, it seems that if I don't allow these services, these apps just cannot function normally so I have to let it track my movement sometimes. And sometimes unconsciously, you will expose some of your privacy to them. This is also something you cannot control. If you want to use them you have to expose your privacy. Carolyn: The fifth section is about media. So, if you can look through your device to see records you have of the media you use during the past month. I'm interested in social media post, text, photos music, videos, TV shows and movies and games. So, based on what you see on device, what apps or program do you use most or produced media? C: In my phone for most of the time I use websites to read news. I mainly read about what happen in society around us through my phone. Some of the videos or pictures in the news or also the media that I watch. While, relatively, I rarely watch movies. On one hand, it consumes a lot of data and on the other hand I really don't have a lot of time to watch them. While sometimes either from my friends or in the message box in my phone they promote some videos or articles and I watch or read. But those are short videos, not those very long ones. Carolyn: So, have you figured a kind of a pattern of the social media. Like when would you prefer to use them and how do you use different apps in different time? C: Sometimes when I go business, I spend a lot of time reading these articles and doing stuff on my phone, cuz I need to travel by a long distance through cars or trains, and I have a lot of free time. The other one is the lunch break, while I was eating I have some time to use my phone. And also, before I go to bed. Carolyn: Cool, so let's go to the last session, it is about the history of is your device and apps you have shared with me. I'm focusing on how you learn to use them in the way you currently do. How do you start using digital Technologies and how is your relationship with it changed over time? C: Well, I didn't use my cell phone frequently in the past, and we used it only to contact. And gradually with its development over time, it has incorporated so many crucial functions in it that we start to use it in our everyday life. I initially start to use cell phone because its function as a camera. Since I'm an engineer I used to bring camera to the factory to record all the products or equipment produced, and when I find out that phone can also be used to take pictures. That's like the incentive that caused me to buy it at the beginning. And then it started emerging those social media's like QQ which was very popular in China. And nowadays, WeChat become more popular and almost everyone have them to communicate. I also use them to keep in touch with my friend. This is basically the process how I start to use digital Technologies. Carolyn: So, which one of these activities do things to most complex you learn at the beginning? C: Well, complex, it’s hard to say, I don't fear any of these are really that difficult cuz I feel if you really want to learn something you will learn it, as long as you're willing to spend time on it. While the only thing I have never tried so far is to play games on my cell phone. Since I've �had never done this before I might feel this is more difficult, but as I said before nothing is really difficult if you spend time learning it. Carolyn: How do you define a digitally literate person, like those people who are really familiar of these digital technologies and they can employ them really well? C: Well, how to define them. I will say for people that can play with these technologies really easily might be smart in some way, and they cannot be lazy. The reason is that digital Technologies are developing really fast and all the things are changing in a short time, so if a person that are not willing to adapt to new changes, that might be hard for them to get familiar with these new things. Did Minot willing to spend time learning new Concepts. I think for most people that are curious to gain new knowledges they will spend time to learn to use these. Though of course here is the fact that older generations like us are facing more difficulties than those young people. It appears harder for us to actually learn digital technologies. Not like young kids that are born with these devices available for them. Younger people have the advantages of batter adapting to changes. But my point is still if you really want to learn it and you're willing to spend time you will finally be an expert at it. Carolyn: Well it is very true. So, do you think yourself digitally literate? C: Well I cannot say I am an expert, but I am willing to try and learn at least. For me I didn't learn every part of it, I just chose those I think that will be helpful for my lives and works. Carolyn: Okay good. That is basically what it is. Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Carolyn Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed C (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Jiangsu, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Jiangsu, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Engineer Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 25 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Huawei Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Chinese Engineer About His Experience with Digital Literacy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #2 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an interview between C and me about the usage of digital technology. C is 53 years old and he lives in China. He uses cell phone frequently in work and life. He chose cell phone as the device he wants to use in this interview. This is an interview conduct through video call. I am the interviewer. I am Carolyn, a student from Oxford College of Emory University. Chinese Engineer Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/89aa933ea6b16592223445fd2ea7cc29.jpg bfb26a650ae28c87e09244ddd9e5e9ad https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/bb7fbbe0b06d4c9fe00b868b6c8a9081.pdf a3c71a6ab210d1ca0f4b8f6ea07ea988 PDF Text Text An Interview with a First-Year Chinese Student About Their Experience Using Academic and Personal Apps Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #7 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction This interview is conducted on September 23rd. The interviewee is an Asian female who is a first-year student studying in Oxford College, Emory University. She was born in 2000 and came from China. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies Transcription AG: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your phone, your laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of the other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions? LF: No. AG: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? LF: You can take pictures. AG: Tell me why you chose this device? LF: I chose my cell phone because this is the device I spend most of my time on it and I use it every day, like most of my digital activities happen on my cell phone. AG: So, talking about activities, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what record you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. And especially focusing some APPs or programs. And if any do you use to plan something, coordinate, or record your activities? �LF: Okay. So, the last month, I think there are two Apps I used the most. The first one is Guide Book. Of course, it’s during our orientation, and most of our activities were hosted on Guide Book. So, I could know where I should go and have the activities and speeches [in] orientation. Canvas is literally the App I use the most right now because all the homework and due [dates] are shown on Canvas. And there are calendars which show these deadlines really clearly. AG: So, do you see any patterns in your in your activities? Or the role your device plays in them? Like you use it [as] a reminder? LF: It’s like a reminder. Yeah, I think my patterns are that I check the Canvas every morning and know what I should do for the day. And check it again before I go to sleep to see if I any [assignments] I haven’t finished before the deadline. Yeah, mostly it’s just about studying here. AG: So, is there any important activity that is not reflected in the information on your device? LF: I don’t think so. AG: Okay. AG: So, let’s move to another part. In this part, we are going to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. And please provide roles and relationship names. Okay, the first question is what Apps or programs you use to communicate with other people. LF: I think definitely is WeChat. It’s the App that I think most of the Chinese students use the most. AG: So, what patterns do you notice in your communication, like probably when and how often. LF: I think I often check WeChat whenever I have free time. It’s like a habit. I get used to it and I usually just call my parents every night and have some conversation with my friends. But they are in different places. Some are in China, and some are in San Diego. So, I have to figure out the local time they are in and communicate with them. AG: So, what important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? LF: Important interactions? Yeah, I think I communicate with my professors mainly using PC to write emails. Using the cell phone to write emails is very difficult to do. AG: So, now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what record you have of the places you went during the past month. And especially on your calendar or �mapping application like Google Maps. So, do you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations? Like completely new locations to you. LF: Definitely Google Map. And I also use Yelp when I want to go to some restaurants. Because it's like Oxford College is very far away from many good restaurants, I have to ask some friends to drive me to those places. And for most of the time, I would use Yelp. There is a button I can click it, and it will show me the way to go to the restaurants. AG: So, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit “Location Services”? LF: Well there's a choice that says only Get access to my location When I use this app. I think that is acceptable. But if some apps say that they would track My location all the time. I will feel uncomfortable. AG: So, you usually just turn it off for apps like Snapchat. LF: Yeah definitely. AG: Okay, so what patterns do you notice in the places you visit or your movement from places to places? LF: Well, True Food Kitchen, KFC, Cheesecake Factory. So, I guess all about restaurants. I'm a foodie. AG: So, is there any important place or navigational practice not reflected in the information on your device? LF: Well there is a navigational app. Not app, it's like a device in the car. So, it's like AG: Oh, you mean GPS. LF: Yeah, GPS. So sometimes when it is working really well, I would not use my phone. AG: Okay, so, In the last section I would like to you ask you to Look through your device to see what record you have of the media you used during the past month. Something like social media, posts, texts, Photos music videos or anything you have read or listened to, watched or played. LF: Okay I think media is a Is about the most part I use my phone. And there are a lot of Apps I used like Instagram, Facebook, and also camera photos that kind of staffs. Yeah for most of the time, I would use Instagram to post most of my photos on. AG: So, can you give me Show me examples of media that are especially significant to you, like Movies, photos, or texts. �LF: Examples of media. Netflix. When I came to the United States. I have never used Netflix before, but when I came here, I noticed that Netflix is a really good App and I can search for all the TV series that I couldn’t get access to in China. Or there's like a longtime advertisement before the show. When I use Netflix, there [are] no long advertisements. AG: So, what patterns do you notice in your media use? Like how often or usually when? LF: Well I think I would post Instagram like twice a week. When I go to different places, I [will] take some pictures. AG: Selfies? LF: Yes definitely. For Netflix, I only use it on weekends because I don't have time on weekdays. AG: Next question. What are some ways for you to store your media? LF: I'll just use iPhone for storing photos, and it will show the locations and time for the pictures. I think it's really useful. AG: So, I mean, did you upload something to iCloud? Your photos? LF: No. Not really. Because when I upload a lot of photos to iCloud, it would ask me to pay for it. It just makes me feel very nervous. AG: Okay. So, tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. LF: Well. when I post Instagram photos, I [will] turn up the “Location Services.” But I would not include places like zoos and other public places. However, for most of the time, I would turn off the “Location Services.” AG: What important media are not a reflected in the formation on your device? For example, you might read some newspapers were magazines. Or listen to [the] radio. LF: I read New York Times. It's for my political science class. That's the only media I have access to that are not online. It's online, but I don't have access to it. AG: So, in this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. The first question is how you started using digital technology. LF: So, it's like when I graduated from primary school, most of my classmates were playing computer games. I think it's really fun. It felt like if I didn't use digital �technology, I would be excluded from them. So, that's the time I started to use digital technology. AG: So how has your relationship with it changed over time? You mentioned that you played video games and now you usually use your cell phone. Is there anything that changes it? LF: It's just because, you know, when people grow up, they become busier. There’s no time for video games. And I Noticed that when I use my phone, I use Canva or contact with my classmates and professors, but I do not use it as entertainment. AG: All the activities you have described so far, which was the most complex for you to learn? LF: Complex? I think it's about typing. I mean from the very beginning, when I was young, the typing was difficult. And how to type faster, it takes time and practice. AG: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? LF: I think editing videos. It’s really cool. But I feel it is a very difficult thing for me to do. I'm willing to try to do it. AG: Do you feel you have digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? LF: I think so. AG: Like writing papers or. LF: But, I don't think I use cell phones to write papers, but I definitely use my PC. AG: So, another question. How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? LF: I think someone who spends most of the time reading online and dealing with activities or studying online are digitally literate. I think I am a digitally literate person AG: Can I ask why? LF: When I came to Oxford, all the textbooks were so expensive. So, I literally just bought e-books. I have a lot of reading assignments, and I just do them online. It's superfast. AG: So, is there anything else you'd like me to know or something I didn't ask, but I should have asked? �LF: I think when I come to college, there is something new about how I used digital devices because I have been using my iPad to take notes. I think it's like I also want to save some money from buying those notebooks. My iPad is super convenient. AG: So, thank you for your time for this interview. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview AG (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed LF (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 6 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides United States State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity R Studio, NetBeans (Java) Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a First-Year Chinese Student About Their Experience Using Academic and Personal Apps Description An account of the resource Interview #7 - Post-1980 Birthdate This interview is conducted on September 23rd. The interviewee is an Asian female who is a first-year student studying in Oxford College, Emory University. She was born in 2000 and came from China. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese college student international student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/94e52674f864ac03313656928e27c7b4.pdf 4b62ca91ccc259dbf870dbd63c238d6f PDF Text Text Interview with a First-Year Ecuadorian-American College Student About Her Use of Digital Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #8 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Transcript Interviewer: Alright, so, in this interview I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of the digital device that is particularly significant to you and that you use routinely- your mobile phone, laptop, et. cetera. Um, if the device enables it I would like you to review records during the past months; calendars, entries, text messages, phone calls, et. cetera, and talk to me about like, the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technology. So, you can decide what to comment on or to ignore, and you can decide to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so, and don’t share anything- any information about anything like, illegal or anything that would compromise the privacy or… anything of another person (aside) please don’t get me in trouble. Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Yeah, please don’t mention the names of other people, um, when referring to the names of other people, refer to them by their role rather than their name, like coworker, family member, et. cetera. Okay, so, before we begin, do you have any questions? Interviewee: Uh...no, We’re good. Interviewer: K, do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Interviewee: Oh, no, absolutely, go for it...enjoy, its uh, got a crackInterviewer: Fantastic. It’s okay, we’re going to use my crappy iPhone camera Interviewee: Super real now. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: (unintelligible) Interviewer: (laughter) Okay, so, tell me about why you chose this device? Interviewee: Um, I think that it’s, like, one of the devices in my life that I have, like, the most complicated relationship with; um, I am like a very anxious person, I really struggle with �anxiety, so, um, I go back and forth like sometimes I use it to take photos of things that like, like the world as I see it. So like, I’ll be like looking down and I always look down at my feet as I walk, so like I’ll take a photo of like- just like, basically of like me feet and like the ground, but it’s like I have so many of these photos from like, years and years, so like, I don’t know. It's just like a nice habit to do, so in that case, I’m like, attached to my phone, because it’s just like, easy access to a cameraInterviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: On the other hand, I...like… I don’t know. Like I can’t...(sigh). It’s nice to be in communication with people but just like, the social media thing has always stressed me out, and like, texting, having people like, know where I am? Like um, I… I don’t know. My roommate and I are in sort of a friend group on campus and everybody has shared their locations with each other and it's freaking weird. (aside) I’m sorry I don’t know if I’m allowed to say likeInterviewer: It’s fine! Interviewee: (laughter) It’s really hard. Um, yeah, so just like, yeah kind of just having that...it’s like a tracker, that I’m willingly putting on myself y’know? Interviewer: Yeah. Understandable. Do you have your Snap Maps on? Or no? Interviewee: I don’t have my Snap Maps onInterviewer: Me neither. Interviewee: I don’t think I do. That- this is the otherInterviewer: You have to turn it off. If you didn’t turn it off... Interviewee: I hope I don’t. Interviewer: ...manually… Interviewee: I hope I don’t. I hope I don’t. Is...is my answer. Interviewer: (unintelligible) really creepy. Interviewee: (aside) Yeah that is really creepy. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Understandable. Okay. So um, to start I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of like, the activities that you’ve been involved in during the past month. (aside) This is so… formal I hate this. Interviewee: No, no, no, it’s good, it’s good. Um, so, most of my things I’ve been doing, in my calendar- when I got to school I started doing everything on like a um planner so I didn’t have to �carry my phone all the time. But it got really hard because the more I was adding to it, the more, like, the less space… and then I have to erase and rewrite every three seconds so, um, now I have everything stored. So I have lots and lots of records of everything I’ve done… Interviewer: Nice. Interviewee: ...over the last couple of days, or like the past month, basically. Um, and, (aside) what else do I use? Most- mostly it’s like my email and my calendar… my notes, um, yeah that’s basically like most of the record of where I’ve been. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Um, so what are your main activities, based, like, only on what’s on the phone? Interviewee: Um, so my main activities based on wh- I mean like school and studying, um, a lot of, like, when things are due, um, and Model UN, and there’s been a lot of stuff, so like different clubs on campus. Um, let’s see what else is there? I went back home for my aunt’s wedding Interviewer: Oh, cool! Interviewee: So you can see, my-my flight… Interviewer: That’s awesome. Interviewee: …and the time the wedding was supposed to be. Interviewer: Yeah. That’s really cool. Interviewee: Yeah. So I think those are… those are my activities. Interviewer: I was gonna ask, like, what patterns you notice but we pretty much talked about- its just school. So like... Interviewee: Yeah. So it’s mostly school. I mean, like, if people text me and are like, “Oh, let’s go hang out,” then I guess that’s a record as well. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, but, because I’m just… I-I think its a little bit of a different case scenario if you’d asked me a few months ago… Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: ...there’d be a lot more record of my social life on my phone, but since everybody’s like so… so close on campusInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: It’s a little bit of a different story. Interviewer: Exactly. Understandable. Um, any important activities that are not reflected in your phone? Anything you do that you didn’t take a record of? Interviewee: (laughter) Yeah, I mean, I-I go runningInterviewer: Oh! Interviewee: To like, destress y’know? Interviewer: That’s awesome. Interviewee: So, I usually take my phone but I’ll actually like, put it on airplane mode so… I just use it for the music. And then I have my running watch so I don’t even use it to like, track GPS or anything. Um, so that’s mainly… Interviewer: That’s really cool. I wish I had it in me to run. Interviewee: (laughter) It’s only because I did track in high school. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Alright, so, um, next can you look through your device and see what records you have of any people you were involved with in the last few months; family… involved with is, like, such a weird wayInterviewee: Involved with? (laughter) Interviewer: It’s bad. But you know what, it’s fine. Interviewee: (laughter) Um, yeah, so… most of them… actually I was looking at- it- I… it called my attention the other day, because usually the people… I love talking on the phone. If I’ll talkIf I can talk on the phone instead of… Interviewer: Text? Interviewee: ...text someone, I will do it. Um, and I’m like getting texts, even just like holding my (unintelligible) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Oh this is… embarrassing. �Interviewer: No, that’s awesome. You have more of a social life than me. Interviewee: (laughter) Probably not. Um, but yeah I was looking at my phone, and most of the time in high school like I’d… look at my phone and it’d be like, my parentsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -and now it’s like, there’re like, two calls from my parents and then like, 50 calls from like a bunch of different people, like, I don’t know, trying to organize stuff or finding out where people are or… yeah. I don’t know. So Interviewer: That’s pretty cool. Um… so… yeah so any text messages, emails, social media interactions, you saidInterviewee: Social media not that much. Interviewer: you’re not usually a fan of social media... Interviewee: Yeah, I have, um, I have Instagram on my phone, um, because I have like a Finsta? It’s like a fake… Instagram… Interviewer: Oh! Interviewee: Um, and, I haven’t really posted in it for a while, it’s been since August 14th, and, I don’t really post that often. It’s just when like really kinda funny things happenInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: That like, I think it’s funny, like, it’s… like the last thing I posted was me and my boss’ conversation, and I said that I was going to be back from my lunch break a little bit late, and it was my last day of work, and he replied “you’re fired” and I said “oh my god”... Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: ...and he said “don’t bother coming in tomorrow,” so like, y’know, like, funny things like that. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Interviewee: Um, but, yeah so social media… I don’t really think that shows anything about, like, who I hang out with because it’s kind of very general. Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: Texts, you could see who I hang out with, like, my friends mostly, or like people I meet in school. Interviewer: (unintelligible) Interviewee: And then, emails, not necessarily who I hang out with, but like, more, like, formal acquaintances, y’know, soInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -teachers, or club presidents, or…(sigh) Oxford Registrar (laughter). Interviewer: (laughter) Oxford Registrar isInterviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: -on top of things. Interviewee: Yeah, exactly. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: SoInterviewer: Um, so how do you decide, like, which mode of communication do you use over another one? Is it just, whichever you prefer, or…? Interviewee: Hmm… that’s a good question. Okay so, I also, now that I’ve, like, looked around, there are also like, two other modes of- It’s like Snapchat as well, which I don’t use that often. Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: And like, MessengerInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -Facebook Messenger. So, back home, most of my friends used Facebook Messenger, which is kind of weird, so if I’m texting someone from home, depending on who it is, sometimes I’ll text in Facebook Messenger. Um, a group chat- a group chat of my friends… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: ...at home, um, has- uses Facebook Messenger, so I’ll- I’ll text in that if I need to talk to them. Otherwise, um, if it’s people from here I’ll text them, call, um, obviously email, whatever. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: WhatsApp, now, I’ve really, like, have missed a lot. WhatsApp is like, mostly, when- yeah. It’s like mostly for my family, because some of my family lives in Ecuador, soInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -if I’m texting them or calling them, it’ll be through there. And then Snapchat… I really don’t use it. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I don’t know if that really counts, but, yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. So would you say it’s like, more based on like the groups of people that you’re talking to, or just…? Interviewee: Yeah, definitely. So it just kind of depends on, like, what- like there’s, like, a precedent that’s already been set. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, whatever form of communication I’ve always communicated with them… with them in, is usually the one I’ll… Interviewer: That makes sense. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Um, any patterns that you notice in the communication in your device? (aside) that’s really vague. Interviewee: Mmm, I mean- okay, let’s see. So, I think- well, I’ve been using- I’ve been using social media and like, my phone less, so… patterns? Um, I- I don’t know. I feel like I have really short conversations in Messages, or it’s like, planning things, um, with my friends from home it’s usually, like, longer conversations about, like, what’s going on in their lives and stuff. Um, so yeah, so I think like, WhatsApp, Messenger, and Messages are both kind of used in the same way. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And so there aren’t really any, like, differing patterns there; all of it’s just kind of the same. Um, I don’t know, I guess eMail is what I use the most, just because, for school y’know? Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: And… so yeah I don’t really know of any patterns, there’s just like, all the time. (laughter) Interviewer: Yeah, exactly. Interviewee: And then, um, Snapchat, I guess it’s kind of interesting. Snapchat, I like, sometimes I’ll go through these phases where I’m like, super into streaks and stuff, and then I’m like, “I can’t do this.” So I just open everybody’s Snapchats and just leave them all on “Opened.” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I’ll just like, make it known, throughout my friends, like, in person, and be like, “I’m- I’m not trying to not respond to you, but I’m also like, not trying to use Snapchat.” Interviewer: (unintelligible) Interviewee: “So just like, letting you know.” Interviewer: Honestly. Yeah. That… makes a lot of sense. Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: Um… so, what are your, like, most important interactions with people that aren’t on the phone? Interviewee: Most important? Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: Um… I mean I guess...I guess just like sitting down and having conversations, um, depending on… who it is, about different things is going to be more important than others. (aside) That was kind of worded badly. But, um, for example if I was talking to an acquaintanceInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -from school, y’know? Um, or like a friend, then I will, like, (sigh) I don’t know, maybe the most significant conversation or like, interaction with them would be like talking about something personal, or talking about, um, something, like, having like a really intellectual argument, or something like debate something that I kind of, find interesting, um. Somewhatever that I would think about by myself, if I were to share that with other people, I would consider that to be a pretty significant, um, conversation or interaction. Or with my parents, um, I think that it would change slightly, mostly because my parents usually already know, like, most of the stuff that’s just going on in my life, so, if there’s ever a time where we sit down and reflect on a past- a shared past experience, or a past experience that I have that they know about, or they had that I know about, that would be a significant conversation I think. �Interviewer: That was very eloquent. Interviewee: (laughter) Thanks, I appreciate it. Interviewer: (laughter) You’re welcome. Um, so, any- ok so now we’re switching to places. So any, uh, apps that you have that record, like, the places that you’ve been? I mean, you said that you don’t like SnapMaps all that much. Interviewee: No. Um, yeah, so, I think the one thing that would record where I’ve been, other than- other than Instagram whenever I post, um, sometimes I’ll tag where I was, or the general location. I don’t know if I’ve done that in a while but sometimes I will. Um, so, for example I went to go see a movie with, um, my friends back home, um, and so I s- I tagged the Summerville (sp?) Theatre, because that’s where I went to go see the movie. Um, but, other than that I think whatever places would be like, in the Location, um- in like the location of my iCalCalendar remindersInterviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: So, yeah. Interviewer: Any apps that you use to like, navigate places? Interviewee: Mostly no, just because I know where the campus- where like mostInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -things on campus are. Um, I… don’t really use my phone when I’m driving at home, to, like- I have Waze on my phone, and GP- and the Maps, but I don’t use them ever, um, I have them just in case, but the car I use has a GPSInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -so I just use that. I just think it’s like… text coming down… I don’t know; It really stresses me out to like, see, like, whatever, and then I’m already like a- like stressed driver so Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I don’t know. I don’t really- I don’t like the… Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. So any apps that you use to track your movement? Or- any location that you’ve been? Interviewee: Not really. Unless I’m missing something particularly obvious. I don’t really think so, no. Interviewer: Yeah. Tracking movement is kind of...creepy. �Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: I was going to think of a better word, but that’s all I got. Interviewee: Yeah, no, that’s like ah- yeah. Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: I mean unless I’m writing- nah, I mean not really. I mean in high school I used to write note of like, cool running routesInterviewer: Oh, cool. Interviewee: But other than that, I mean like- (laughter) I don’t know. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have your Location Services turned on for your phone? Interviewee: Yes, um, just because my parents, like, wannaInterviewer: Wanna know where you are? Interviewee: -wanna know where I am. Also I- I lose my phone a fair amount, soInterviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: -that’s kind of nice. Interviewer: That little Find My iPhone thing’s real handy. Interviewee: Exactly. Interviewer: Yeah. Um so, how did you first learn to like, navigate places, like, without your phone? Did you like, memorize landmarks or…? Interviewee: Um, I’m usually pretty good with memorizing landmarks. I think I’m like a- I don’t really know if it’s like a kinetic learner or a visual learner, I don’t really know, but um, I’ve always been pretty good with memorizing like, paths, or- It’s not even memorizing for me. I guess it just makes sense in the context of it? Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: Like if I’m reading it’s the same kind of deal. So I think that that’s… what it is. On campus I like, looked at a map of the campus before I got here too, to like, try to memorize a little bit of like, where I shouldInterviewer: That’s so smart. �Interviewee: -be going. Mmm...mostly because I really hate feeling like a freshman though. Interviewer: Yeah. It’s the worst. Interviewee: (laughter) So, yeah. Interviewer: Um, any apps- anything that’s not like, recorded in an app that you- that’s like an important location or… somewhere that you go a lot or…? Interviewee: Um, I really like finding really like, cutesy little, like, nooks to go study, so I’ve been just taking it upon myself to like, every time I go study I have to study in, like, a different place on campus. So that’s not recorded in my phone, but sometimes I’ll come up hereInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -in Candler. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I don’t know if I’m allowed to say that, but I’m- okay. UmInterviewer: They know where we are. Interviewee: Yeah. Um, but yeah. So maybe I’ll go to the library, or, I’ll go into one of the other halls. Pierce Hall, Tarbutton, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Depends on the day. Interviewer: Makes sense. Any apps you use to- well, discover new places, I guess that’s like what you were just talking about but anything, like, outside of campus? Interviewee: Um, I don’t use apps, I don’t think so. I mean unless I was trying to find something specific- I was thinking about going on like a hike, or doing that- just like a- just going with my friends. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, I think- I haven’t done it yet, but what I would do, and what I probably will do, this afternoon or tomorrow, is go online, maybe on my phone, and um, like search up ‘cool hiking routes or places’ and that would be, like the Safari app I guess? Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: (sigh) Yeah. I mean- yeah. So- but most of the places I go on campus- like there’s a cemetery that’s like- past WilliamsInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -and I’ll go run, like past thereInterviewer: (laughter) That’s brave. Interviewee: Yeah- I’ve encountered some weird stuff back thereInterviewer: Oh no. Interviewee: -I’ve gotta say. (laughter) It’s been really odd. But um- no I mean I- I never, like took- like used my phone for it like, I just went and explored, just like running like a little bit past where I ran the day before, y’know? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Which… Is it safe, is it not safe, we don’t really know. (laughter) Interviewer: You made it here, you’re fine. Interviewee: Yeah, exactly. Interviewer: Okay, so now we’re going to do social media, yay! Interviewee: Woohoo! Interviewer: Okay, so this is like anything that you’ve created; YouTube, Instagram, et. cetera, Google Search history, all of- all of that. Interviewee: Beautiful. Okay. Interviewer: So, what apps or programs do you use to- do you use most to access or produce media? (aside) So basically like, what social media do you use? Interviewee: Okay, so… social media I use most. Um, I guess I use Instagram the- well it- okay it depends what you’re counting as social media. Um, I don’t have the Facebook app on my phone because I… I really hate itInterviewer: It’s awful. Interviewee: Um, but I feel like… it’s kept me a little bit out of the loop which is a little bit stressful but then I guess, I haven’t really felt anything too much just because clubs haven’t started yet. �Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: So, that may… that decision may or may not change. But, I’m happy for now with just looking it up on like, on my computer when and if I need to go look on like, the Emory class page. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, so, the apps I do use, Snapchat and Instagram. And then Messenger, which is what I- so like, even though I don’t have the Facebook app, I do have the Messenger app, that’s exclusively like the Messages through Facebook, Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Yeah that’s pretty smart actually. Interviewee: Um, yeah. So, I don’t know if I- I’m not going to count that as social media just because it’s like, its- I’m talking with one personInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -not, like, posting for a large group. Interviewer: Exactly. Interviewee: Um, which, you could make the same argument about Snapchat, but Snapchat’s… I don’t know- I don’t reallyInterviewer: I mean, Snapchat does have- like you can post your Story so it’s a large group of people instead of just… one-on-one conversationsInterviewee: Yes. Interviewer: -so that makes sense. Interviewee: So, yeah, so social media. I have that, I have SoundCloud as well, which is likeInterviewer: Mmm. Interviewee: I… used to write music, a little bit, andInterviewer: Wow. Interviewee: -post that on Snapchat, and- on- sorry, on SoundCloud, but I have like a… like alike an account that nobody knows I have, so any followers I have on that account don’t know who I am, or don’t know my name. �Interviewer: Smart. Interviewee: Yeah. So, no one I know- no one I know personally knowsInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -that I have that. Interviewer: Exactly. Um, so, what makes you prefer one app over the other? Interviewee: SoundCloud mostly just because it’s like- it’s- it’s what I use to- oh, I forgot VSCO as well that’s a thing. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So sorry. Um, so, SoundCloud I like because- not because of the app but just because it is like a vehicle through which I like, can express myself and whatever y’know? Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And then VSCO’s kind of the same deal. I don’t post- I don’t have like a big account on there for other people, and I don’t post photos, like mostly of myself; I post like, photos that I… Like, photos that I took of like random things, like random inanimate objects. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: That I really, I don’t know, that I just like the photos of. So… Interviewer: This is going to sound dumb, but what is VSCO because I don’tInterviewee: Ohhh… Interviewer: -have or know what that is. Interviewee: ...that’s interesting. So, this is like, basically like Instagram, um, it- I don’t really know what else you can do with it, other than- like, I don’t even know- there- I know there’s a feed. I don’t even know how to get to the feed. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Like, all I do is like, use it to collect photos that I really like, and then like, I have followers on there, but they’re no one I- like, I don’t know them. Interviewer: Right, yeah. �Interviewee: (laughter) At all. So, yeah it’s not like a- I don’t use it as a communication, I use it as just, um, where I go to like, collectInterviewer: All your cool photos. Interviewee: -thoughts- yeah. Interviewer: Okay, that makes sense. Okay cool. Interviewee: So, those, because of like the anonymity I have, through the fact that I don’t know anybody that follows meInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I like those the best. Interviewer: That makes sense. Interviewee: Snapchat and Instagram, if I have something funny to share, then Instagram’s kind of funInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -but other than that, I don’t care. Interviewer: So, what do you use just to like, create media the most? Do you do that, or do you just kind of stay away from that? Interviewee: Well, to create- to create songs I guess, um, SoundCloud. Although I do everything in GarageBandInterviewer: (aside) I love GarageBand. Interviewee: What? Interviewer: I said I love GarageBand. Interviewee: It’s a really great thingInterviewer: It’s really awesome. Interviewee: Like, honestly, like one of my first memories of using it, I would sit down, and like, I- I played violin forInterviewer: Oh wow. �Interviewee: -like, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen years? Interviewer: Whoa. Interviewee: (laughter) I like just- just like finally quit-quit. You know, for the last time? And, I would sit down and like, fidget around with SoundCloud- um, we had a lot of instruments in my house growing up, so- floating around, like, piano, guitar, all that stuff. All the different types of guitars. So I would sit down and like- (laughter) just kind of go wild, likeInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -creating these weird sound effects, and all those things, and, um, really just kind of like learning GarageBand through exploring and not really likeInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: (laughter) -knowing how to do anything. Yeah, I would spend hours and hours and hours. Interviewer: That’s pretty cool. Interviewee: Um, but yeah. Interviewer: Um, so what examples are- of- are s… let me rephrase. Interviewee: Mmm-hmm. (laughter) Interviewer: What are some examples of media that are really important to you? Photos, music, whatever else. Interviewee: Media… yeah, so I guess music. Um, music and… music and photos, but not photos that I’ve like, curated for- to like post on Instagram. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Like photos, like the ones I was saying for of like- just like me standing. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, or, inanimate objects, or random things that I’ve likes. Interviewer: Yeah. That’s pretty cool. Um, so, you don’t really like alter any of your photos or anything? Or do you…? Interviewee: Um, if I- okay so I had a- I used to have an Instagram account, like a real Instagram account. Um, but it got hacked- �Interviewer: Mmm. Interviewee: -and I don’t really care about it, so I just kind of letInterviewer: Let itInterviewee: -them have it, so yeah. So, when I had that, I would like, put filters on it, I don’t know, what more- what most people do I guess. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, but now I don’t. I don’t really… Interviewer: Did you just use the Instagram app for that or did you have, like, another…? Interviewee: No, usually I had just the Instagram account- Instagram app, unless I was making like a- like this was more in middle school but sometimes- you know you would make, like, birthday posts for your friendsInterviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: -and you’d use, like the Collage app, to likeInterviewer: I love that app. Interviewee: Yeah. (laughter) Interviewer: Yeah, I know… (laughter) Interviewee: So I’d do that, but like… Interviewer: Um, so, any patterns that you notice in your media use? Interviewee: Um, I definitely go in waves, I- I’m not a crazy consistent person, like, by nature so I think that reflects in my social media use. I, uh, will get kind of really randomly into making music, and posting things on SoundCloud and like, discovering other artists, and then that’ll kind of fade away and I’ll pick up like, VSCO and I’ll take a bunch of photos and do that. And then that will kind of go away, and I’ll kind of live my life and I’ll rediscover SoundCloudInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -or rediscover VSCO a couple months later... Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. That makes sense. Alright so, what do you use to store your media, any kind of media? Just... �Interviewee: To store… (sigh) I mean my Photos app, um, my Notes; sometimes I’ll store like, collections of, like, thought- random thoughts, I guessInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -or photos or whatever it is, and, um, and kind of in a way SoundCloud and VSCO, as much as they are just to kind of- I feel like they’re mostly just storage for me. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Like, yes it is sharing- it’s like a storage that other people can see, but for me it’s like, just storage. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Like I don’t care if other people see it or not. Interviewer: That makes sense, yeah. Um, so what do you do to like, protect your privacy on social media? Interviewee: Not- not a lot. Obviously, by the fact that my Instagram got hackedInterviewer: (laughter) Yeah… Interviewee: (laughter) -probably, like, I should be doing more. But, um, I don’t really post anything personal on InstagramInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -that I know of. So, not- not a lot. I do have the- like, the PrivacyInterviewer: Settings? Interviewee: -you can’t see my posts unless I, like- we’re friends. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, and Snapchat is the same way. Although, like, I don’t know, some random people, like, added me on Snapchat and I don’t know who they areInterviewer: I hate when that happens. Interviewee: -and now I’m really uncomfortable so, yeah, so I block them. But yeah, so like, those things, it’s just kind of like on a case-by-case basis; I don’t really make any big preemptive measures to...uh, protect myself. �Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Which, is probably not great. Interviewer: Makes sense. Alright, history time. Yay. Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: So, how did you start tech- digital technology? Interviewee: Um, I think that one of the first things I did was, um, I- I think we kind of used them in school intermittently, just, um… like projectors, to go, like we’d have the Elmo… they have those nowInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -but like they had the… the- these, um, projectors on- on wheelsInterviewer: I know exactly what you’re talking about. Interviewee: -that they would bring into the classroom- yeah, um, we would do, like, like, math problems and you had to go up and you’d do a math problem and every- everybody could see on the board. So, that was kind of like the first thing that I can remember. Um, my dad likes to tell me this story where, um, when I was a kid, I- I was like, really, really, really young; I don’t really know how old I was- I was like less than- I was like two or three years old. Interviewer: Mmm. Interviewee: And I, um, had taken all of the- the cassettes- (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -this makes me sound old. I had taken all of the cassettes out of the cupboard, and I had like, put them, like, as blocks and made like a little snakeInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -all around the living room. And, I don’t know, my dad was I- my dad was very impressed by thisInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -I don’t really know. Um, so, yeah, so I think that just like- it shows a lot about my personality towards technology that I think has kind of held through. And that is that, like, I don’t really use it in the way it’s sup- intended to be used- �Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -I just kind of co-opt it to… Interviewer: Whatever. Interviewee: ...do my own thing, yeahInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -whatever kind of suits me. Interviewer: Um, so, of anything- of everything that you’ve described, like, thus far, which was the hardest for you to learn, or to pick up? Interviewee: (sigh) The hardest thing for me to learn, I think, um, the hardest thing for me to learn how to deal with is social media, just because I didn’t really have an interest to go and like actually go explore social mediaInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -before it became, almost like a social pressure, like social… like necessity to have it, and to like… be really good at it. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, so that was probably the- the hardest to kind of catch up and like… catch on to. Um, the actual, like, most difficult to figure out how to like, navigate around was um, s- um… uh, GarageBand, just because there’s complicated and I was a lot younger. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But it wasn’t something that I didn’t like to do so it didn’t really feel like work to me. Interviewer: What, uh- do you want to explain, like, when and how you started learning these, or…? Interviewee: Um, when I started learning… I think when I was- I must have been maybe fourth or fifth grade when I started with the GarageBand, and I was in seventh grade- um, I had just found GarageBand on my computer- on like, I didn’t have a computer it was like, a PC family computer. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: Um, and that was with the GarageBand in fourth or fifth grade. And then when I got older, I had a phone, like I had an iPhone when I was in, I would have been in seventh or eighth grade, and that’s when I caught on to the whole social media thingInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -um, and that didn’t last very long either. Interviewer: Yeah, makes sense. Um, anything you wish you knew how to do on your device? Or just, in general, with digital media? Interviewee: In general? Um, I kind of- not really stuff I wish I knew how to do for myself, but it’s just I really find it interesting to see what things go viral and what things don’t. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And it- I don’t know, I feel like it’d be kind of an interesting thing to learn about like, the science behind, um, getting a lot of followers and what people tend to gravitate to. Interviewer: Right. That’s pretty cool. Um, do you think you have, like, enough digital skills to work in, like, a professional context? Interviewee: Um, I think that- ooh, I didn’t- I actually forgot about this. So I actually- my mom is a- is an Angel InvestorInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -and she also helps, like, startups. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Interviewee: So- yeah, I mean it’s… I don’t know. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, so she was working with this company that was like, it was like a lingerie company. But like, more, um, like, really laid back, like, clothes you’d wear on like a Sunday morning type thing. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: This company hired her to help them, like, see if- well, we- I- I live on the East Coast, so, um… help them- this is a West Coast company so she was kind of helping them see if there was a really big market on the East Coast. And like, how they would need to, um, kind of, like portray the company- �Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: -on the East Coast if they were going to try to sell. So, um, my mom didn’t really know a lot about social media and she was like, “Sure, just go ahead and try!” So, um, I... was kind of set in charge of, like, figuring out how to market these clothesInterviewer: Wow! Interviewee: -on social media, which was- I didn’t really think- I was like, “Eh, this is going to be fine, I’m like, a sophomore in high school I can do this.” Um, but it’s hard, like, you know? Interviewer: It is really hard. Interviewee: Um, you don’t want to sound too curated; you also don’t want to sound too, uh, like ditzyInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -I don’t really know, it- its- once you start thinking about it too hard you kind of go down a rabbit hole. Um, so… and now I’ve gone off into a tangent I don’t remember your question, sorry! (laughter) What was-? Interviewer: It was, “Do you think you could, like, use digital media in like a professional context?” Interviewee: So, yeah. So I think that like, I probably could, because of that experience, because I know that it’s harder than I thinkInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: How’d it end up working out? Out of curiosity. Interviewee: Um, it actually worked out pretty well. We did, um, these, uh- like these garage sale type things where you just- we’d like rent out a space or, like, someone’s house or something and just have, like, an open house where people would come in and like, drink wine and eat things and... shop. Interviewer: That’s really cool! Interviewee: And- yeah I mean, the social media kind of worked. I… I-I basically all I did was like, set it up, and then start it a little bit, and then hand it over to the owner of the companyInterviewer: Right. �Interviewee: -and I was like “Look, like, you can go- you can do whatever you want-” (unintelligible) Interviewer: It’ll be fine. Interviewee: She still uses the Instagram, and the InstagramInterviewer: Oh! Interviewee: -like, has a bunch of, like, it’s doing really wellInterviewer: That’s really cool. Interviewee: -but it’s mostly, like, California people, notInterviewer: That is really cool though. I’ve never heard of anybody doing that before. That’s pretty awesome. Interviewee: (unintelligible) (laughter) Interviewer: Um, so, how would you describe someone who you think is ‘digitally literate’? Interviewee: I guess it would be someone that… or who- what I envision is someone that, um, is able to solve problems, kind of with ease… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: ...um, with using social media, or without it. So like I- my grandfather, for example, he, um, I feel like is really soc- like, digitally lit- digitally literate. Um, and it’s kind of interesting to see how my grandmother approaches problems next to my grandfather. Because my grandmother will always go, like, pen and paper approach. Like, she won’t even think to use social media, or think to use any sort of digital technology. Versus my grandfather, um, it’s kind of like, fifty-fifty chance, like, whateverInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -he needs; maybe- maybe it does use whatever but like, he’s able to think of that as an option as wellInterviewer: Right. Interviewer: -just as legitimate an option as any other. Interviewer: Do you think you’re digitally literate? Interviewee: Somewhat. Probably not as much as I should be, but I’m kind of okay with that. �Interviewer: How do you, like- wha- what about you makes you think that? Interviewee: Um, I think that I, while I know- so my- my immediate reaction to a problem- II’m very comfortable using digital media or not using digital media, but I choose to try to use digital media before I’ll use- I mean I- I’m- I try to… aah, sorry, I like, caught myself. Um, I (sigh) will choose to use something other than digital media before I will try to use digital media, just… I don’t know, in protest, I guess. I don’t really know. Interviewer: (laughter) Just to be ornery? Interviewee: Yeah- yeah, I guess. Interviewer: Yeah. I get it. Um, anything else that you want to tell me? Interviewee: Um, uh… (laughter) Interviewer: I know. Interviewee: N-not really? I don’t know. (laughter) I’m just- I guess that’s it. Interviewer: Alright, cool! Well, thank you very much! Interviewee: I- Thank you. (laughter) Interviewer: Awesome! (aside) Alright. Interviewee: (laughter) Alright. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Faith Ford Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 24 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Ecuador Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Ecuadorian-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Hispanic Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 11 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a First-Year Ecuadorian-American College Student About Her Use of Digital Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #8 - Post-1980 Birthdate Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple college student Ecuadorian-American iPhone post-1980 birthdate