1 10 31 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/a232607dd1216d0796b2877cd021e32b.pdf de81e35bd7e78b8e8ebb65f862c44ee1 PDF Text Text “I use my phone a whole lot more calendars, order coffee, buy grocery, buy tickets, order food so about everything” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #16 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 28, 2018 Introduction This interview was conducted over the video feature on Facebook Messenger between DC the interviewer and Suzanne Tillman (ST) the interviewee. Suzanne is DC’s aunt and is living in Louisiana while DC goes to Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Suzanne was born between 1980-1985 and is not considered a digital native while DC was born between 2000-2005 and meets most standard definitions of a digital native. Suzanne works in human resources and has a college degree. This interview is part of a larger project whose goal is to examine and compare how technology affects our lives and if generational gaps effect how they are used. Transcript DC: So, for this interview I would like to actually take me on a guided tour of your digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. This could be your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or other device. If this device enables it that I would like you to review records with activities during the past month such as calendar, entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social media interactions. Talk to me about the people you interact with the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don't share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Please don't mention names of other people we referring to other people call them by their role rather than name. Example co-worker or family member-- before we began, do you have any questions? ST: No, I do not. DC: So first off can you tell me why you chose this device. ST: I chose this device because it's the one I use most frequent. DC: So, the first round of questions has to do with our activities on the device to start off. I'd like to ask you to look to your device to see what record you have of activities you are involved during the past month. You might look at records of your activities on your calendar app or a to do list or invitations that were sent to you on �social media. So, what apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate or record activities? ST: So, I use -- let me see if this is google-- I use Google calendar. We use Google Maps to find locations for example this morning to find where to pick breakfast. DC: Okay so like based on what you're looking at. What do you think your main activities are? ST: Oh, my main activities would be text messaging, probably Walmart grocery app, amazon, um Samsung Where for the watch and the bank. DC: If you're looking at your Google Calendar what's your main activities for this month? What does your calendar show a lot of? ST: Bringing my kids to the dentist. That’s on here the most DC: So, you would say that the biggest pattern is stuff for your kids? ST: Yes, and I also put, I periodically work things on here too. DC: So, are there any activities that are important in your life that aren't reflected or your calendars? ST: I'm sure there is, usually put my husband's schedule on here -- some of it is on here and some of its not. So, his work schedule is a on here-- usually days off, when I have to go to court, um what are some other things that are not on here? DC: Okay so next I want you to look through your device and see what records you have with people you've talked to and been involved with this past month so things like text messages, emails, social media messaging, Skypes and Facetimes. So, if you can tell me about which apps you use to talk to people? ST: I use WhatsApp. I've used messenger a couple times. DC: Can you see any patterns in like which one you use more, or would you use them for? ST: I definitely use messages more and phone Definitely as far as work I use Gmail that's usually like during the day the text messages are really probably each morning and night. I would say the phone would be only on the way to and from work is really the only time I'll talk on the phone. DC: So, you can talk about it but is there any other ways you decide on which to use when you want to talk to someone other than if you're driving? ST: I would say ones that are more user friendly so like I've tried messages and I've tried the-- when I got the phone there were three different methods And I've found why, I've found that one, let's see if I can find the other, is going fine the other one I did switch to that one and therefore I think it was Google messages he said. �ST: That is correct. DC: Are there any other communications that you do daily that aren't reflected on the phone? ST: I use a desktop phone. I use a desktop computer and communicate through email. DC: What about talking to your kids and stuff? Can you find anything on that phone or is that mostly not over that? ST: The only time that I talk to them through the phone is through messages-every once in awhile phone. I do have, I can communicate with my son's teacher through the dojo app. DC: So the next part is based on places you've gone. So when you look at records of where you've gone in the past month them like where you go the most like using Google Maps or location services on your phone. Are there any apps on your phone that record where you've gone and what you're doing? ST: Lets see--Facebook does record events near me and also Google Google Map Records location, also Waitr app records my location and Uber. DC: Can you see any patterns in where you've been in where you visit? ST: I would say there is a huge pattern of places eating eating out. DC: Okay so how did you first learn how to navigate new locations? Like, what was your first instance of learning how to drive somewhere new or go new places? ST: I used Google driving. DC: That was the first thing you used? Like in your childhood. ST: There was no Internet. So we--what did we do-- we didn't use a map maybe use the phone book, to get the Address. I'm trying to think what did we use? I would say just maybe the assistance of someone someone else, like a parent or a friend that's been there that's the only thing we could have used DC: Are there any important places that you go normally that won't be reflected by looking at your maps or your Facebook? -------moment of silence to think-------ST: I would say there's places that are not on this, I don't think anywhere that I-everywhere that I go frequently would be on this map. DC: So this is meant to be the biggest section as it is on the next section and is based on media. So I'm interested in your social media posting photos music videos TV shows movies and games that you have on your phone. Anything that you've created or like it on the Internet. It could also be Netflix Google Search History YouTube history or social or any of your social media platforms. So if you look at �your device what apps and programs you use the most for like social media type things? ST: Social media texting? DC: No kind of media like social media in general. (long silence) ST: I would say probably either Netflix or YouTube TV and then Facebook. DC: Okay so are there any social platforms where you create and post things rather than just like watching what other people do. ST: I would say snapchat, But that's not very often maybe once a week. DC: So are there any social media platforms that are really significant to you in a major way? ST: I don't think. I mean I guess Facebook-- you know I'm able to see family. Like what You know people are up to, you know like what I wouldn't see before. Example, My brother that lives in Pearl River like I wouldn't know he just graduated and became a sheriff officer. If it wouldn't be for Facebook so that is significant. DC: So going along with that, Are there any patterns in what social media is you use more than others? So you said you used YouTube and Netflix a lot to do use more video based social media over Instagram and Facebook which is like text based? ST: I would say Facebook over Netflix and TV. DC: Can you tell me your strategy of storing your stuff on your phone like how do you actually keep track of your photos or videos and where social media is? ST: I have been using Google photos. DC: How does that work? ST: Actually has an assistant and the capability to share it, so I can share it with my husband. DC: So is Google Photos like an online drive that is backed up to the internet or is it saved on your phone? ST: It is saved on my phone. Oh you know what? I think it's web based through my e-mail if I'm not mistaken my email address should help signs and we set up our album, like I can do a search over favorite or just search people search Places. DC: So you said that you can send the photos to your husband and everything. Are there any other ways that you share photos or text? Like any type of media with people. �ST: The only way I would share photos with other people would be text messages I guess that snap chat would be--I do e-mail myself. When I need a photo to go to my work e-mail. I Actually share through email. DC: So moving away from would actually use. Can you tell me if you have any strategies for protecting your privacy when you use social media? ST: I have a Verizon security and privacy. DC: What's that? ST: It is powered by Macafee and it does a security scan on my phone and its wifi security. DC: So that protects your device as a whole but specifically on Facebook or things like that. Are there any steps you take to protecting your privacy of stuff you've put out there like Facebook and Snapchat. ST: I do adjust settings to where I share things with only people I'm friends with. DC: So is there any media that you consume that's not reflected on your device? Like if you read paper newspapers a magazine or you listen to the radio or watch cable television maybe you go to the movies. Is there anything significant that you do that's not on your phone? ST: Netflix is on the TV and I don't really go to the movies enough-- I mean even if we do we would go online and see what's playing so we will still be using the Internet. DC: So there is one last section and that section is based on your personal history and learning to use devices. So what do you think about like before you had technology and how you've been using it since just to answer these next questions- and the first one is how did you start using digital technology And how has your relationship with it changed? ST: Well I started using digital technology probably a computer somewhere around 13 or 14 and then a cell phone at 19 and at the age of 19 it was just a little Nokia where it was you know the technology was limited and basically you were only----Texting wasn't even big it was really just calls. And compared to now I mean I use my phone a whole lot more calendars, order coffee, buy grocery, buy tickets, order food so about everything. DC: So the things that we've been talking about so far were any of the things you've learned to use your phone for difficult for you to learn? ST: I would say it was a bit of a learning curve. Definitely like when you switch phones you know just take time to get yourself familiar with it. DC: So can you tell me about when and how you learned to do to use the new software or the new devices? �ST: When and how....I'm Pretty much--I would say self-taught. Just get in there and playing with it myself instead of getting someone to actually show me how to do it. And then as far as when I would say just like when I got this particular product. I had a Samsung before so Some of it was familiar but not every thing so there was kind of relearning and I'm still relining and switched from my iPhone to a Samsung. DC: How recently did you switch to Samsung? ST: That was maybe July. DC: So are there any activities that your device can do that you don't know how to do. So Like anything that you don't know how to do on your phone that you wish you could? ST: Oh there are a lot of things...my Phone has-- I guess this is android thing-- has an assistant called Bixby and there is a Bixby button on it called Bixby Home where it has frequent contacts, shows Facebook contacts, gallery, weather, blood pressure, game, and I'm pretty sure that-- cause its specialized for what I specifically do from what I understand but I don't know how to work it. DC: So do you feel that do you have the skills to use technology in a professional context? ST:I think for the most part yeah. DC: Can you tell me what you gauge that based on? ST: I would gauge that... Based on my professional-- where my company-- what my company was before and what I've used technology to improve things, in my opinion that’s been successful. DC: Do you think you have the same level of success with things in a personal context or if you're better in the professional digital context? ST: I would think I'm better probably in a professional because I think that the personal you know is a lot more advanced-- you know work I feel like with my company we're kind of behind the curve and personal with me upgrading to what I feel is more technological advanced phone with a watch that just came out. I think it's a lot more challenging then what it is with my company I think at my company there's a lot of you know old school like faxing and you know it me showing some of those other people how to scan and e-mail and I think it's a lot less technologically advanced. DC: So how would you define or describe someone who was digitally literate? ST: I would say someone who is definitely familiar with how to use the basics of their cellphone and understand what it can do. DC: So do you consider yourself digitally literate? �ST: Yeah I would say like middle of the road. DC: So were there any instances you can remember like learning how to become digitally literate in your life? ST: I can't remember any specific instances let me think about that one for a minute. ----silence for about a minute-----ST: Yeah I think it's something as simple as you know like with snapchat just getting getting younger users that they used it more frequently show me OK how do you do the filters? How Do you change that thing? You know I can remember like stuff like that. DC: Okay so after that question I'm of my prepared questions. So if there's anything else you would like to say or that I've skipped over anything you would want to be included in this interview. Then you can say that now if there's nothing else than we're through. ST: Well I would like to say that I at times regret going to this on just because of the advancement to it and I'm just so used to the iPhone with the Apple Watch that I though was so easy. I don't think the features of this phone outweigh the simpleness of the Apple product so I guess I still regret that even though I'll never admit it to my husband. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D.C. (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Suzanne Tillman (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 7 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Louisiana, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Louisiana, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1980-1985 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Italian, French-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity White Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Human Resources Director Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 22 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 14 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung Galaxy Note 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "“I use my phone a whole lot more calendars, order coffee, buy grocery, buy tickets, order food so about everything”" Description An account of the resource Interview #16 - Post-1980 Interview This interview was conducted over the video feature on Facebook Messenger between DC the interviewer and Suzanne Tillman (ST) the interviewee. Suzanne is DC’s aunt and is living in Louisiana while DC goes to Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Suzanne was born between 1980-1985 and is not considered a digital native while DC was born between 2000-2005 and meets most standard definitions of a digital native. Suzanne works in human resources and has a college degree. This interview is part of a larger project whose goal is to examine and compare how technology affects our lives and if generational gaps effect how they are used. Android Early 1980's Galaxy Note 8 Millennial post-1980 birthdate Samsung https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/9da420f4899e2469722e7f329e406ad6.jpg 6a32c44bb162fbd04d48dd89fe9ded9e https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/bf06756cbfe3a0e5edbeda5c1e235040.jpg d68b4dabb847e130157311fcd1598d1b https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/6e2a44ff094da5e9e04ef785ebe9efa3.pdf d4ed059c36cdc7e979696f6686acfd3c PDF Text Text 1 “But You're Right, It Sped Up My Life for Sure” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview Set #11 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 12th, 2018 Introduction The following pages consist of an oral history interview between the interviewer, Megan Yang (denoted MY), and her subject, Carmen Gutierrez* (denoted CG). This interview was conducted on Friday, October 12th, 2018 around 10am in Office 237 at Pierce Hall. It lasted around 23 minutes. Carmen Gutierrez is a White European professor at Oxford College of Emory University. She was originally born in the Canary Islands of Spain, but has most recently lived in Atlanta, Georgia. She first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 24 (in year 1998) and has personally owned one for 23 years. For this interview, Carmen chose to discuss her iPhone. Megan Yang is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in an older generation relative to her own in order to explore whether digital habits or literacies differ between generations. Bolded statements are deemed significant to reflection on this topic. _____________________________________________________________________________________ From now on, ‘MY’ will denote the interviewer (myself), and ‘CG’ will denote the interviewee (Carmen Gutierrez*). MY: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely—for example your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month (such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions) and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on or what to ignore, and when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please do not share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member” or “friend”. MY: Before we begin, do you have any questions? �2 CG: Ehh...no. MY: First question is a general question. Tell me about why you chose this device? CG: Because it's the one that I use the most. MY: And so the second part is about activities. I'd like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of the types of activities you do. So you might have a to-do list, shopping list or just invitations to events through social media, you know. MY: What apps or programs do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? CG: I just use the calendar app, that's where I put all of my...all of the things that I need to do. (MY: I also use that, I find the [program] very convenient and it puts everything together so it feels like your life is very streamlined) CG: I can't go anywhere without looking at the calendar [on my phone]. MY: Okay, so based on what you see on your calendar app, what are your main activities, and of those which are the most significant? CG: Other than work & meetings, my children's activities (sports), and sometimes lunches with friends and, yeah on the weekends more sports for the children and some events for the adults (MY: I guess that's what comes with being a parent...to make sure they're getting everywhere they need to go) MY: So what role does your device play in the activities you do? CG: It just reminds me where I need to be at what time, pretty much. MY: Are there any important activities that are not recorded through information on your device? CG: No, no. If my phone broke down I would have a heart attack because I wouldn't know what to do because everything is there. It's the only way I can keep track of what I need to do; (MY: Yeah...everything is connected to our phones, computers, and our phones are synced with our computers, iPads, Apple Watches, etc. CG: I even use [my phone] as my alarm clock in the morning. I depend on my phone for everything. MY: So the next part is about the people you contact with your devices. So just, like, think about that. Here’s your second question. So what apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with people? CG: WhatsApp with my family in Spain and just text messaging and email to contact friends and family and peers. (MY: Do you use the phone call function and/or call people?) �3 CG: I do FaceTime with my family in Spain and I do make a couple of phone calls in terms of work but I do text messaging mostly. (MY: I feel like I use text messaging more as well...I'm uncomfortable calling people...I don't know why) CG: I just don't like talking on the phone. I enjoy talking to people live (MY: Basically face-to-face) MY: Do you think it's because, like, you're older than us and you didn't really grow up with technology, so you're more accustomed to meeting people in person? CG: You know, I don't think so. I think certain people just don't like talking to people on the phone, like my mother-in-law is much older than me and she loves talking on the phone. All my friends like to talk on the phone. I just don't...I just don't personally like talking on the phone. It doesn't have to do with my generation. (MY: So I guess it's just a matter of personal preference) MY: Okay...what patterns do you notice in your communication with others and the role your device plays in them? (CG: What do you mean?) I guess you can think about it as a frequency thing or has it taken over your life and your communication with others? CG: Well you know I do [know] nowadays that, you know, I use my phone a lot because I don’t only use it to talk to my family and friends, but also for work. So I’m working from it as my children are in a sports activity. So I use it constantly; the usage has increased [because devices are made] better and faster, so I don’t need to bring my computer with me anymore. I just work from my phone. (MY: Yeah, yeah) MY: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another, for example do you use particular modes of communication for different situations or people? CG: Mostly text messaging for friends, and email for work. (MY: Email is definitely more formal, so that makes sense) MY: What important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? CG: When I'm with my friends, lunch or dinner events, and simply if I'm meeting co-workers for lunch. That would be like the only time I wasn't communicating through my phone. (MY: Yeah I did another interview before this one and my friend said that if you notice a time where you're not active [on the phone] it means you're like doing something else or you're busy) MY: Now part 4 is about places, so the places you access through your phone and stuff. What apps or programs, if any, do you have records of the places you visited? CG: So in general I would say only from the calendar and email and text messaging and WhatsApp. I would say Facebook, preferably Facebook, Instagram, and you know, RE/MAX**. I like looking at the houses and hoping one day I'll buy one. (MY: Dreams and goals…) Goals and good friends... �4 MY: Do you know what Foursquare is? CG: No... MY: That's really weird...I feel like every time people talk about location services and checking into places and places you visit they always talk about Foursquare but nobody uses [that] these days. CG: FourSquare? Never heard of it in my life. MY: It's basically a program where you can go to places and check into the places, you can see other people who have checked in. It's almost like a social network. CG: To me it feels very stalker-like...feels like we're being stalked. Why do people need to know where I'm at at all times? It's kind of scary…(MY: It's so weird since we keep hearing about [FourSquare] but nobody knows it at all.) I know my son uses a different one but with the same concept and you check where everyone is on the map. Scary… MY: You know Snapchat has the Snap Map function where you can zoom in and see where everyone is, but you do have an option to turn off or turn on showing your location. So you can choose your own preferences. CG: That's scary to me. The only thing I would want is to check on my children just to make sure they're okay, but gosh! I would never want to let people know where I'm at. Even when I’m posting pictures of events it’ll normally be after the event. MY: We have Find My iPhone for finding your kids or something... MY: Do you use any apps to discover new locations? CG: I just use Google Maps and Waze. MY: I’ve actually never heard of Waze… CG: It's pretty similar to Google Maps. It's supposed to display the traffic and redirect if there's an accident or tell you if there's a police car or if there's a car who had an accident on the road. (MY: That's really helpful) MY: Do you use any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? CG: Oh yeah, Google Maps. Especially when I'm trying to find like whether there's a movie theater or store so [the app] would tell me where the store, the closest one, is. MY: How would you decide which apps to use location services or not? �5 CG: Depending on if I need them, if I need to find the closest place. MY: Okay. Do you mind if I see where you've been or would that be a breach of privacy? CG: No no no it's okay, absolutely! MY: You don't have to show me, you can just tell me. CG: No, no I can show you, no problem whatsoever. So here I have Ponce City Market (MY: I haven't been there yet I really want to go) [It’s a really cute really cute place], like where I went for Fall Break Rosemary Beach, the Decatur Tennis Center. You can take a picture if you want. (MY: Sure! This is not that private) No mystery! *chuckle chuckle* MY: Cool, so are there any patterns you notice in these places? CG: Well I always vacation in the same place, I play tennis in the same place, my kids play soccer and tennis in the same locations. So everything is pretty much sports-based and vacation based. MY: Okay, how did you first learn to navigate new locations? CG: Google Maps. I can't go anywhere without using Google Maps or Waze. MY: You can also also include reading maps or recognizing landmarks. CG: No, no, just Google Maps. I'm really bad directions so yeah...I always use it unless it's to go around the corner. But I always use Google Maps or Waze. MY: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected in your device? CG: You know coming to work, because I already know how to get here and also my kids doctor’s appointments, I know where that is. Honestly anywhere else I have to use Google Maps. (MY: So things that are like habitual [you don't use your device]). MY: We have two more sections and this section is about media and social media. So we’re interested in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played . . . or that you yourself have created or distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. So You might have records your Google Searches, your Netflix, YouTube, or Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or Snapchat… MY: Based on what you know about your device, what apps or programs do you use the most to access or produce media? CG: Facebook. �6 MY: What media do you use or create the most? So like photos, posts, texts, videos... CG: Pretty much photos in Facebook. MY: Why do you prefer one platform over another, for example Facebook over Twitter or Instagram or SnapChat? CG: I don't know, I guess I just started using Facebook and I'm more familiar with it. That's the reason. (MY: So kind of experience and exposure to a certain type of technology) MY: Can you give me some examples of some media that are especially significant for you? CG: What do you mean examples? MY: Maybe like you're really interested in photography and you love your pictures… CG: I just pretty much post for my friends and family, because I have friends in different states and different countries so it's easy for me to post pictures for everyone to see versus sending a million messages. MY: So it's a question of convenience. (CG: Yes, convenience, efficiency) MY: Can you give me some examples of media you produce or alter in some way? CG: Maybe a photo, you know, use some filters to make it look better. MY: My friend in his interview, said that he makes like memes so yeah that's kind of how he alters media. What patterns do you notice in your media usage? CG: Yeah I just use Facebook and every now and then if I have free time I just check to see what my friends are up to. The pattern is probably more like in the evening when the kids are in bed and I'm done with work, just to wind down after a rough day. (MY: yeah yeah) MY: Tell me about your strategy for storing your media, hard drive, the cloud, USB… CG: I have no strategy. It's in my Facebook or Camera Roll. I don't have a strategy. I don’t store anywhere. My husband will kill me...he has everything in the cloud. MY: I feel like the cloud is kind of confusing for me...I never really actually got into it feel like there's like a photo stream on your phone and it's synced with your computer, I don't know, like, Apple has everything together. CG: I Just don't have time to think about it you know. Work documents I tend to remember to back them up, but pictures I'm a little bad. �7 MY: Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy. CG: Just allow only my friends to see my pictures and posts and make it a private account, yeah. MY: Is there any important media that's not reflected on your device? So like if you read newspapers or magazines, listen to the radio, watch television, go to movies, or play video games. CG: I mean I love movies so I watch all the movies on TV and in the movie theater and what else do I do with media... that's it - movies. (MY: That seems to be the common thread, I think. My friend said that too.) MY: So in the final section we're going to move away from activities to talk about how you learn about everything. How did you start using digital technology and how did your relationship with that change over time? CG: Well, you know I started using it when I was an exchange student at [Pittsburg State University] in Kansas. How it was the dial-up type of Internet and it was super slow, we had to be very patient to wait for the device to go to the next screen. It's just a matter of usage...the more I used [ technology] the more familiar I became with it and then it got faster...and it was much easier. MY: I guess I can assume that when digital technology became the way it is now (CG: Mainstream, yeah) you were like “WOW!” CG: Thank God, yeah. I just think like the speed made a huge difference. MY: Do you think that the speed of technology has kind of affected the speed of your life? CG: Sure...because now you can get things done faster so you tend to do more things. It helps me at the time to do research because back then you didn't have access to articles or books online, you can only access them by going to a specific library and you know, now, you can access pretty much anything online - articles, books, so it helps my research. But you're right, like it sped up my life for sure. Because you get more things done but you tend to do more and be a little obsessed and addicted to it. (MY: Multitasking) “Too much!” MY: Did you guys use you know like encyclopedias, like in the earlier times? CG: Absolutely, we didn't have Wikipedia or anything like that. *shared laugh* MY: Of the activities you've described so far in the previous questions, which was the most complex for you to learn and what makes them so? CG: Activities? Like what do you mean learned? �8 MY: Like when you're sharing on social media or when you're navigating with Google Maps. (CG: Which one was the easiest?) Which one was the hardest. CG: Which one was the hardest, I don't know, I mean Snapchat is not easy because it disappears on me. You know I'm trying to check my son's Snapchat to make sure everything is okay, to control what he's doing, and then it disappears. So I know it's difficult but it just makes me mad, like I wish there was a way to find all the Snapchats and see what I want. It’s more like I’m frustrated with Snapchat. I wanna see his records, and I don’t know how to do that. *shared laugh* MY: I feel that. I have a lot of conversations with people on Snapchat and also on Facebook Messenger. On Messenger it stays there but in Snapchat you have to like deliberately save it and I always forget what I ask people. CG: And of course my son won't save it because he doesn't want me to see his phone. I’m like snooping around and I don't know where to find stuff. I’m really frustrated because it’s difficult for me to navigate. MY: So when did you start using and learning how to use Snapchat? CG: I mean I don’t even think I know how to use it. He has it in his phone so I just go to it and see what conversations are, but the problem is that once I open it goes away, you know. So yeah I want to know what he's chatting about, but I can't access it. But I really would like to know where those files are. MY: Can you tell me...this is kind of related to what you just told me about, but what activities do you wish you could do with your device? CG: Yeah probably just finding out how to do like the find my phone feature. I know we all have it but I don't know how to use it. MY: I’ve seen it action but I’ve never had to actually use it since I don’t usually lose my phone… CG: And of course when you lose your phone it’s always on silent so even if you call it...I wish I could do know how to do the find my iPhone feature. My neighbors got robbed, you know, and they had their computer and everything stolen. The police found them because they had installed in the computer a find my phone feature so they found the thieves and everything they had. They had robbed many houses and the [cops] found them because of that feature. I think it's a practical thing to do. MY: I think in criminal contexts you can also like use it for malice. Basically, I have heard of a lot of cases where the iPhone has so much information and/or data that could be witness to a crime, but because of legal boundaries with the opposing corporations it doesn't work out. MY: So do you think you're missing any skills you need to complete the task you wish to (i.e. to know how to be able to find your phone), or is it just like because of time? CG: Time. I don't have enough to find out how to use all the features that the iPhone has, yes. �9 MY: Do you feel that you have the digital skills necessary to operate in a professional context? CG: Yeah I mean like I do know how to use Prezi, PowerPoint, definitely email, messaging...Emory what else do we use? Canvas, OPUS. MY: And like how do you know that you have that ability? CG: Because I’ve used it. MY: And would this response be the same across all contexts, like personal, academic, civic or public contexts? (CG: Yeah, yeah) MY: So here’s one of our final questions, and it's actually one of the really important ones. So how would you describe someone who is digitally literate? CG: Well, you know, someone who knows how to use technology that most people use. Whether that be email or text messaging or WhatsApp or Canvas or OPUS. Just like see what the majority is able to use and it personal and work contacts. MY: So basically, you’re basing it on like the mainstream, what’s popular, what’s going on right now in technology. CG: What’s needed. Like if you ask a student you need to know how to use OPUS or Canvas, you should be able to do it too. MY: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? CG: Yes, aside from the Snapchat frustration. MY: Because you said you were digitally literate, how did you learn to be digitally literate? CG: On my own, on my own/ I just taught myself through frequent usage. MY: Did anybody else teach you? CG: There was some like guidelines for Canvas and I followed them sometimes...but for the most part just by using it. MY: Is there something else you would like me to know, something that I did not ask that I should’ve? (CG: No) MY: Yeah I think this was a very good interview procedure because we have a lot of questions here and it's great for getting to the main points. That was all, thank you! �10 CG: You’re welcome :) MY: Thank you for participating in our study! *Disclaimer: Names changed for confidentiality reasons. **RE/MAX: A real estate company � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Megan Yang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Carmen Gutierrez (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Canary Islands, Spain Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1971-1975 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Spanish-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian, European Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Spanish, French Occupation Professor of Spanish Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 23 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 24 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Plus Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "But You're Right, It Sped Up My Life for Sure" Description An account of the resource Interview #11 - Pre-1980 Birthdate The following pages consist of an oral history interview between the interviewer, Megan Yang (denoted MY), and her subject, Carmen Gutierrez* (denoted CG). This interview was conducted on Friday, October 12th, 2018 around 10am in Office 237 at Pierce Hall. It lasted around 23 minutes. Carmen Gutierrez is a White European professor at Oxford College of Emory University. She was originally born in the Canary Islands of Spain, but has most recently lived in Atlanta, Georgia. She first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 24 (in year 1998) and has personally owned one for 23 years. For this interview, Carmen chose to discuss her iPhone. Megan Yang is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in an older generation relative to her own in order to explore whether digital habits or literacies differ between generations. Bolded statements are deemed significant to reflection on this topic. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple iPhone professor Spanish https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/dd2c32ff18c7a8f9766e0b9efaf093db.JPG 2b305871c36df8b9ad57c45f1858232e https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/97f090e270b9469c815cea7e646f6984.pdf fbeed48ebb3c4c368321bbb0eafa285b PDF Text Text 1 “It's just a matter of having the whole world in my hand rather than just however much a cartographer can fit on a piece of paper” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #5 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 21, 2018 Introduction This interview was between two first-year Oxford College of Emory University students in the beginning of the 2018 school year. Both people were born between 1999-2004 and are considered digital natives. DC was raised in Louisiana while Kate grew up in Florida. The purpose of this interview is to examine and catalog digital use by people who grew up exposed to technology and to reflect on the affects that technology has on our lives. Transcript DC: Hey Ms. Taylor in this interview I wanted to ask you to take me on a guided tour of your phone...well not specifically your phone but a digital device that is really significant to you and you told me earlier that you would like to use your phone. So, I want you to review your activities during the past month like calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social media interactions and just tell me how you interact with people on it; the places you go and the ways you use it, you can decide what to comment on and what to ignore and you can decide when to decide when to show an example by showing to me on your device. You do not have to do these things and you can stop any time you want. You should only share things you are comfortable with and please don't share anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Don't use other people's names, refer to them as a friend, coworker, family member, something like that; and if you are going to show any type of text message or communication don't show anything that could compromise their privacy like their name that is on top because they have not been able to consent to this. So, before we begin do you have any questions? Kate: No sir DC: Are you ok if I take a picture of your device? Kate: go ahead -------silence while I take the picture------- �2 DC: Okay so first off, can you tell me why you chose this device? Kate: so my phone is pretty much the epicenter for everything that happens in my life. So I keep track of pretty much everything I do digitally nowadays because I have the capability of doing so and my phone is just more convenient to carry around than a laptop say. Even though I'm also very addicted to my laptop and connected on one or the other, I just happen to prefer my phone. DC: Yeah, that makes sense. So to begin, I just want to broadly talk about your activities with you. I want to ask you to look through your device and see if you have any records of what activities you do during your life. Like, things on your calendar app or to do list or invitations to events you've gotten through social media or maybe you have a journal app that you write journals on. So what apps or programs if any do you use to plan and coordinate your activities? Kate: Well I think the easiest place to start would be with the app I do not use to coordinate my activities and that is the calendar app. So I feel like I am the only person in the world who despises Apple's calendar app and how to use it. So instead I tend to use the notes app because it gives me a more consolidated list view of things and I can constantly change it rather than having to go through three or four screens to figure out what I am going to do in a day and not be able to change it when I need to. So I use my notes app for pretty much everything. I tend to have a daily schedule at the top and then I sort of have an overview schedule lower that has events I need to look out for in the future, but funnily enough I still use an old fashion planner to keep track of my school assignments and when things are due because I find it very gratifying to cross out assignments when I'm done with them rather than delete them with a touch of a button, I don't know why that feels so good. ---as she talks she shows me a note that is just full of events and seems to scroll down forever--- DC: Yeah, I can understand that feeling of just scratching off your to-do list. Okay so, also based on what you see what are your main activities and of these main activities which one is the most important to you? Kate: So most important to me right now is currently, the um Oxford fall theatre production, I spend a lot of time in Tarbutton working on um the production that we are doing. I 've made a lot of friends in theatre thus far but the rehearsal schedule is very testing so I am there probably ten to twelve hours a week and that very reflected in my schedule and I pretty much have to work everything else around that, um, my other big passion is creative writing but that is something I �3 can do more on my own terms or I often do it for class so it’s often less of a concern for me to be able to fit that in because I can work it around whatever else I'm doing. DC: Would you say that your production is that the most important to you or the most enjoyable? Kate: It’s honestly a great combination of both, not only is it a fun thing for me but it is something I can see myself doing for the rest of my life. So, in a way, I've found a passion that is both enjoyable to me and important to me and it makes me want to sort of pour my soul into it when the opportunity comes up. DC: That is something that doesn't happen very often. So just looking at your notes that you have laid out for the next week or day or so what patterns do you notice in what you're doing? Kate: A lot of theatre. ---some chuckles--- a lot of theatre over the course of the next month, because the show premieres on oct 18th so we have less than a month to get this thing up right now; so there’s a lot of stress going on with that but also homework things like that, but then again I told you that’s more reflected in my planner than it is on my phone. DC: Okay so, you already kinda touched on this, talking about homework and how much you love creative writing but is there other things that are important that are not reflected on this list? Kate: Um both of those things that you just said and just overall um in terms of my activities those are the big ones so pretty much everything else happens on my device, but I do also enjoy reading when I have the leisure time so if I happen to have um a couple hours free I will often go to the library and pick up a book. But, I’m also equally disposed to long on to a fan works contributing site such as archiveofourown.com and just sit there reading fanfiction. So, its sorta a toss-up as to how I’m feeling that day. DC: Ah having a guilty pleasure is fine. okay so, next I want to talk about the people you talk to and you communicate with thro this device. So can you look through whatever record you have to see what people you’ve talked to how you talk to them like skype, facetime, social media or text messages, even emails. And so I want to remind you again to use roles and relationship names instead of their actual names. and I just want to start off by asking you what apps do you use to communicate? �4 Kate: So iMessage is the big one because that is the first one I learned how to use and it was the first thing that I often communicate with my friends on because I get the most clear notifications for iMessage. For some reason my Instagram dms and snapchat and some of my other notifications sorta go over my head, but with the double buzz of the iPhone I know when someone has texted me and I know when I need to respond right away. So if you have any desire to get into contact with me texting is also the way you are going to get the quickest response, but I’m also very um I’m also very um diligent with my emails so I often answer those very quickly as well especially during the school day. Um but I also tend to use Instagram to Instagram and not really Tumblr as much but Instagram to send memes and funnies and things that I think are amusing to my friends because it’s easier than taking a screenshot and texting it than to just hit the button that says share with friend. I thought I was going to use snap more than I did when I got it and I used it a lot when it was new but now a days the newness has sorta rubbed off and I really only use it when I want to post in my story to show people what I’m doing, but the reality of it is I’m either in the theatre or doing homework so not a lot goes in that story very often. DC: So, you’ve already mostly answered this but is there anything, patterns such as like who your talking to and when you’re talking to them that you can notice by looking at your past records? Kate: well as of right now I don’t really text a lot of people here at Emory because I see so many people at Oxford like every 5 seconds so I often don’t feel the need to text somebody unless I’m meeting up with them because I know I will see them at some point with in the next 48 hours because campus is small and half the time you know where people live so you just inevitably run into them. But I text my friends from home and FaceTime especially my friends from home very often. I think I might be driving my roommate a little bit crazy, but I do use headphones when I am on FaceTime with friends from home because it’s often a lot of reminiscing and missing each other but um I know being here is a great thing and a great opportunity. So, I am absolutely enjoying myself but sometimes a little reminder from where you came from is a very nice way to end the night. DC: Yeah just because just cause you’re like separated doesn’t mean those relationships need to end; just because we are at college now. Kate: That’s one of the greatest things about technology is it not? DC: Yeah, they really let you connect to people that are far apart. It doesn’t matter. So, you already said that you don’t really talk to your classmates or text message them as much because you are going to see them anyway, are there any other interactions that aren’t reflected here? �5 Kate: Not particularly I think the only people I ever call anymore – lets see – I do enjoy calling people so pretty much if I'm talking to friends it'll be a FaceTime call because we you like to see each other but my mom is completely inept at FaceTime because I don't know I don't think she knows how to hold the camera so… when I'm calling my mom and dad I always just use regular phone but other than that it's just a lot of FaceTiming between me and my friends. DC: So now I want to move on to places you’ve been and I want to ask you to look through and see what records you have of where you've been and went during the past month, like example on your calendar and mapping applications or location services if you have that turned on in the phone or cell phone tracking app such as the Fitness ones so I can you start off by telling me if your device has any tracking apps, which apps or programs you have, or that have any record of the places you've been? Kate: so I actually keep my location service because I feel because I feel like I our phones know enough about us they don't need to know where I am on a day-to-day basis but I do track occasionally by taking pictures because Apple sort of does it automatically, but genuinely most of the time my location is off and I'm not sharing my location with other people I think I might make an exception if I ever happened to be meeting somebody that I don't know or something like that because then I would be able to share location with a friend so they can keep keep watch on me and make sure that I wasn't in a situation that was potentially dangerous. I think that’s a very good usage of locations services when enabled and when done correctly but I don't really think it needs to be on every day of my life life; as for photos… I really have not left campus much at all because I've been very busy and without a car is very hard to get around here but there have been a lot of fun things on campus so I haven't really felt compelled to go anywhere. It would just be nice to have the freedom to to leave when I want to. DC: So, you talk about your photos and how they track it and everything, but do you use any apps that when you going somewhere new to like scope out the location to find where you're going? Kate: I love using Google Maps when I'm driving but without a car that doesn't really have the application here anymore, but I love using the Yelp app, I am an avid Yelper and I love to leave five star or one star reviews on places when I've been there to help other people decide if it's a place they really want to go so if I have particularly bad service watch out because I will roast you on Yelp – but if you have really good service to I will write you a glowing recommendation if there is not one has been written for such a place. �6 DC: Has there been any places in Oxford that you've left these reviews in? Kate: I actually have not left any places here yet but I have had, I do it very frequently when I'm thinking about it but when I don't then, so often over the summer I'll do quite a quite a few reviews but during the school year I don't tend to do it as much because it takes time to write a review that's very that that’s concise and thoroughly sums up everything I think. I think I do it over the summer because I miss writing essays. ------we both share a small laugh------ Kate: I know I’m a weirdo DC: At least you leave genuine comments on those reviews. So, can you see looking at any of that but there's any patterns and where you visit you already said but you really don't leave the campus since you got here but before you came here were there any patterns of where you would go? Kate: Oh, absolutely so I would often find myself at Starbucks or in my hometown we have Starbucks on like every corner so it was rare if you caught me without coffee or not on the way to get coffee I also loved getting manicures and pedicures so that was something I often spent my money and time on … um I can't really think of any other things the other than school and home my car did have quite a few miles, but it was it was mostly trekking back and forth to school multiple times a day. DC: So, you said that when you're driving you used google maps but what were your first experiences with learning how to navigate new places what did you first learn? Kate: Well I know that for my hometown I sort of just learned by looking up and I kind of did it based on landmarks rather than maps because I am not very good at maps. One significant moment where I really did learn how to use the map was on the several times when I had visited New York with my dad. So Manhattan has a grid system so it was one of the easiest places for me to learn how to use a paper map because my dad felt it was important that I learn such a skill in case we ever had the apocalypse or something when phones would go away. DC: So, New York might be one of those places but are there any other important places where your navigational practices weren't reflected other than the paper maps in New York? �7 Kate: Really other than that if I'm going somewhere new I often look up walking instructions on google maps because for me it's pretty much the same thing as a paper map I don't actually listen to the Siri instructions very much when I'm walking I often just look at the map and it sort of orient myself it's just a matter of having the whole world in my hand rather than just however much a cartographer can fit on a piece of paper. DC: Okay and so does next section is one of the biggest because especially for our age group is one of the most used and so this section is media and I want to ask you to look through and see what records you have of media such as TV shows, videos, music, photos, games, any type of media, text posts or likes; maybe stories you’ve written that you’ve created or distributed in the past month this can be any app that is social media or entertainment media, news sources also if you have any of those and so just based on these media on sources what do you see on your device and what apps do you use the most to access and produce media? Kate: so I will be the first to admit that I was late to the social media game I did not have an iPhone until I was 13 at the very least I have some sort of flip phone before that but genuinely I did not have any access to social media until I was older and I think it was by design that my parents kept me away from things like that because they were worried of their influence on me and honestly I'm very glad that they did that because I probably would have been a less a much less productive person, in middle and high school had I had access to those things I think I probably would have spent less time worrying about my school work than I should have but genuinely I built up a certain foundation for social media starting in 8th grade or so I believe my first social media was Instagram and I had that starting about halfway through my 8th grade year and then slowly from there I added more but really really it was over the pretty slow trickle until very very recently so I actually did not have Twitter until last year did not have a Facebook until a month ago did not have Snapchat until maybe 2 years ago, Pinterest I just got as well and then I've gotten several other messenger apps like WhatsApp and Facebook messenger and Skype in recent years as well as GroupMe because everybody seems to have a favorite messenger app on this campus and no one can agree which one it is. So I use all sorts of different Messenger accounts now and I realize that they're all kind of the same. So I think to this day the fact that Instagram was the first means that Instagram is sort of what I go to when I want to post something, Facebook is more of something I used to keep in contact with the campus, Twitter I mostly just read and like everybody Twitter and Tumblr I mostly just read and like everybody else's stuff but I don't really post anything myself and Snapchat has sort of falling out of my favor but I keep streaks because my friends like me to. DC: So, you told me about your most popular ones but is there an app that is especially important that means like something really important to you? �8 Kate: I actually have not mentioned it to this point but YouTube has been an incredibly important account and I honestly I didn't even realize it was a social media, because if by that logic than that was my very first now that I'm thinking because YouTube was something where I was able to watch all of these different creators of all these different ages and genuinely be able to learn and discuss and oh I don't know all these different people had such diverse ideas and opinions it really opened my mind to the world around me rather than just sort of focusing what was going on in my backyard so I learned a lot of things from YouTube I learned… Just overall how to be sensitive in terms of other people, and treating other people with respect which is something that I always did but I grew up in a sort of community where certain things weren’t talked about or we didn't really discuss certain things but I always wanted to be a respectful and open-minded person so having a forum like YouTube allowed me to know what was right and good to do when your somebody who's perhaps struggling with mental illness or if you are becoming friends with somebody in the LGBTQIA+ if that's all the letters and being able to be open minded and sensitive to them as an ally persay. DC: Okay so those are really significant to you but as you said you were creative writer or there any media where you produce that work, or you alter someone else's work? Kate: I sort of have kept my work to myself at this point but I have put it out there via school more so than via the internet – there's something about putting my work out there that I just don't feel I'm ready for yet at this point if I ever were to do it I would probably do it under a pen name or pseudonym I wouldn't I probably wouldn't myself because I feel like I need more practice and I need to get better on my own before I share my work with the world. DC: When you look at these apps and all the ones you laid out are there any patterns in the amount of uses or maybe when you use them or who you use them to talk to with these apps? Kate: like I said earlier messages is mostly for my friends snapchat for young friends that I don't know I just don't lose contact with, Instagram for pretty much the masses of everybody I know, Tumblr to interact with other writers and mostly to just comment on their work and ask them where their inspiration came from and how they how they got where they got sort of asking advice from other people on the platform who seem to be successful… those sorts of things. DC: So, can you show me how do you store your media that you use and where you keep it? �9 Kate: Well let's find out here on my settings app… let's let's find out well let me just. Never mind, I keep everything in folders so I am sort of anal about the way that I store things on my phone so I have pretty much a folder, that I have all the important ones out on their own that I use all the time, so Messages, like like pretty much the traditional layout of the phone. I want it to look like a traditional iPhone layout. Then I have folders that I’ve added and sort of categorize them. The safety category where I have emergency apps and then I also have my banking apps and things like that I want to keep secure. I have that kind of an obscure place, so it would take somebody longer to find that folder; I have my social media folder which is just bursting at this point, I have work category so that's my Google Drive, my Google Docs, Spanish dictionary for when I'm in class when I need to look up a word that I don't know, email. And I have an entertainment which is my music app which I actually use an app where all my videos are stream from YouTube so I can get all my music for free as long as I have a Wi-Fi connection which is great, would recommend, I also Spotify, YouTube, Netflix, the movie theater app, and a couple games on there, and then I have services so that's more like my restaurant memberships, Starbucks app, and Uber, and Lyft, and Amazon, things like that. DC: So, you made a point that you turn off your location services cuz you feel like its things that need to be more private on the iPhone are there anyways when your media that you keep your privacy safe? Kate: I always log out of my Instagram account I think it's sort of a force of habit it at this point because it was something I started doing when I was 13 or 14 and there was things going on at school where other callous 13-14 year old girls would try to hack each other's phones and post inappropriate or embarrassing pictures on each other's account so I always make sure to lock it and keep my phone with me because I was afraid of that happening to me, but as for everything else I generally keep it unlocked because there's not as much on those accounts there's nothing really incriminating on anything though so I don't I don't have anything that I'm trying to hide. DC: So, is there any media that you consume that's not reflected in your phone? Kate: Pretty much everything that I have on my phone I can also access on my computer where I can access on TV or I can access anywhere else so really there's not necessarily anything that I really do that’s not on my phone. DC: So we’re in the last section and this is just me want to know more about your personal history and learning to using these technologies so I want you to reflect on your history with these with this device in the apps you've used and how you learned how to use them and how �10 you currently do you some now so can you tell me how you first started using digital Technologies and if your relationship with it is changed? Kate: Oh it’s changed quite a bit – I was actually barred from using digital technology as a child. I had very limited TV usage and computer usage and I was always monitored by a parent so when I finally was trusted enough by my parents to have my own technology it made me want to be safe and want to not do anything that would upset them or compromise my own privacy because I was taught from a young age that’s it's very important to be private. So for a while I was not allowed to post any pictures of myself on the internet because they were afraid of my image being out there but I eventually convinced them that everybody else is doing it and that as long as the pictures weren't incriminating in any sort of way that it was a generally safe things to do DC: So, of the one just told me what are any of them complex and where there's any struggles learning how to use them? Kate: I think there is always a learning curve when you get a new app and you figure out what everything does, but it never takes me an hour to figure out what I need to do. DC: So, were any of the ones that were little bit harder like in a context of like professional ones or like more personal ones or academic like the ones about the security or your learning folders Kate: I sort of use everything for everything so the only division that I really have is between my school work and my personal life I have two separate email accounts for that, Google drive is all combined, and everything else is sort of combined DC: Can you tell me how you learned how to just use your phone and apps in general how you learned? Kate: I sort of just taught myself I really didn't have anybody teach me how to use them DC: So are is there anything on your phone that you wish you knew how to do it you can't �11 Kate: Pretty much self-sufficient with it I can teach myself how to do almost anything DC: Do you think you have to digital skills to operate effectively in the professional world and can you tell me how you gauge that? Kate: Oh absolutely it was a big emphasis at my high school to be able to teach us how use digital technology so Google drive was pretty much an essential from 8th grade on so that is the program that I'm most comfortable with using but I'm slowly adapting to office 365 which is what we use on Emory campuses, Canvas is a learning curve but I'm working on it Opus is new too but I'm sort of just figuring it out as I go and if I have any questions I'm always able to go to text people or second years because everybody else seems to know how to do things DC: How would you define or describe digital literacy? Kate: I would describe digital literacy as the ability to be able to pick up new technologies quickly and be able to use technology that you’ve already learned without having to relearn them. For instance, for me I know how use Instagram and Snapchat now so well that I can pretty much do it with my eyes closed meanwhile when I go home my mom is like how do I get to stories again I forgotten so that's sort of DC: So, would you consider yourself digitally literate? Kate: I do because I have a good understanding and knowledge of how to do things when I need to do them and if I don't I know the exact resources I can go to get help and I feel like it's a necessity when it happened other adults in my life if they don't know how to do something on their phone they just sort of throw their hands up and go oh it doesn’t matter I don't really need to know versus with me I want to learn everything possible about my device as soon as possible DC: Okay well that's the end of the questions I have prepared for you but is there anything that you think I skipped over or maybe you remembered for my past question that you just remembered right now that you would like to add at the end? Kate: I think we covered all the bases here, so thank you for the interview �12 DC: thank you Miss Kate � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D.C. (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Kate Taylor (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 12 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Florida, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Spanish Occupation Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 8 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "It's just a matter of having the whole world in my hand rather than just however much a cartographer can fit on a piece of paper" Description An account of the resource Interview #5 - Post-1980 Birthdate This interview was between two first-year Oxford College of Emory University students in the beginning of the 2018 school year. Both people were born between 1999-2004 and are considered digital natives. DC was raised in Louisiana while Kate grew up in Florida. The purpose of this interview is to examine and catalog digital use by people who grew up exposed to technology and to reflect on the affects that technology has on our lives. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple college student Early 2000's iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/5b28d2db2db4953ea9cc9076925399b5.JPG 6f5aa9fff35b3d3d777be1bfb49f03ec https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/30f2a72ead5b80b5ba8fc72571764d3e.pdf 4bc61b489794c97d9655f6423a9e008f PDF Text Text "My generation is probably the last generation that grew up without those things” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #1-Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2, 2018 Introduction: The following is an interview of Penelope Smith1, a Caucasian female born in the 19751980 age range. The interview was conducted by an Oxford College First Year student, also Caucasian and female. The interview focuses on a tour of a digital device of the research subject’s choosing, studying the past and present digital experience of a said subject for comparison to other generations. Interview: 00:00 So, before we begin here, the first thing that I'm going to do is explain to you sort of what to expect in the next couple minutes of this interview. I'm going to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you and that you use routinely-- like your phone, your laptop, your computer, something like that. Um, if the device enables it, I would like you to look at some records of activities during the last month, calendar entries, texts, phone calls, whatever else that would show me sort of your digital footprint, and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can, of course, decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me if you would like, but, just a quick disclaimer, you should only share examples of things that you feel comfortable doing, and please don't share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Also, please don't mention the names of other people, because they were not here to give consent for the interview, so just refer to them by their titles, like "coworker", or "family member", or "brother" or "sister" or "whoever". So, do you have any questions before we begin? 01:21 No. 01:22 Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? 1 Names have been changed. �01:24 Yes, er, no. Interviewer chuckles, then takes the picture. 01:35 So, just start by telling me why you chose this device. 01:39 Okay. Well, I chose my iPhone 8 because at this point in life, I don't think I could function without it. Um, over the years, I have occasionally had my phone stolen or broken or something like that, and then y-you know how it's- now I can't go 24 hours. Um, it has all my contacts, it has all my payment information, social media, everything. Email, this is 95% of the time what I'm replying on, because I don't have my computer out a lot. So, it's just an important part of daily life. 02:13 Um, so to start, what I'm going to ask you to do is take a look for your device, you don't have to show me anything if you don't want to, but activities you were involved in with the last month, so you might have records in like, a calendar app, or a to-do list, or invitations to events... that sort of thing. So, what sort of apps do you use to coordinate your activities? Do you use anything specific on that device? 02:37 So, I just use, umm, the calendar app that comes on iPhone. And it populates my Outlook as well, so every time I get something through work. 02:47 And, based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities that you see often in your calendar app? 02:54 Umm, so all of my activities will usually be work meetings, reminders to myself, and, ummm, my husband and I share- he shares his out-of-town calendar, 'cause he goes out of town a lot, and who's picking up my son. 03:13 And, that sort of answers what sort of patterns you notice, because it all sort of seems to be similar. 03:19 Yes. �03:20 Ummm, are there any activities that are not reflected in that sort of calendar app, or is everything there? 03:27 No, my whole life is in there. Interviewer laughs. 03:29 Everything? 03:30 Like, I put everything I have to do. If I'm- like last night, when I knew I needed to fill this out-anything I need to do the next day, I'll put it in there, because I instantly forget things now. I used to be able to remember, but I don't. 03:44 That's interesting. 03:45 Yeah. I'll set myself reminders in the calendar app. 03:49 Ummm, so the next thing I'm gonna ask you to do is to take a look through your device to see records of people you were involved with during the last month, so, just a reminder to use their roles or relationship names, not their actual personal names. Ummm, so what apps or programs do you use to communicate with other people the most? 04:09 Ummm, so text, email, occasionally the phone, ummm... 04:18 Why do you say occasionally? 04:21 Because that way- the only people I talk to on the phone really is my mother. Interviewer chuckles. 04:25 �Ummm, but most things are text or email, and I begrudgingly use Facebook Messenger with students- because I hate Facebook Messenger. I hate communicating with Facebook. Interviewer chuckles. 04:39 But the students seem to love it, don't they? 04:40 Yes, so I have not- yes, I would not be on Facebook if it weren't that we keep stuff going and communicate for here. 04:48 And, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role that your device plays within that? 04:59 What- what patterns? 04:59 Yeah, do you have any sort of similarities, like, as the months go by, is it just- is it all sort of just, ummm, text, email, that sort of thing, and there's never any, really, variety with it? 05:14 Uh, yeah, no, there's never variety. 05:16 And then, why do you choose to use certain modes of communication over others, like, why do you prefer text? Do you know why that is? 05:26 Well, because- well, in, in most of my texts are between my husband and I. And it's mostly 'Do I need to do this, or are you doing'- like, daily, our daily communication throughout the day is who's taking care of what for the day- or the night, so we text each other so we never know who can actually talk. Like, we never, hardly ever call each other. Ummm, so like at this point in life, there's just a lot of daily scheduling of life. Ummm, and so that's how we communicate. I- I don't even know what the question was now. Did I answer that? 06:05 Well, that's about right, yeah. 06:08 �Ummm, and then, is there any sort of interaction with people that's not reflected on your device? Is there anything you still do, maybe using other devices, or even the old-fashioned way? 06:19 Ohhh, ummm, yeah, I mean, so, like I still write cards and letters to my grandfather, and he still sends me actual newspaper clippings about things. Interviewer 'awwwwws' 06:33 Ummm, so, with other older family members will actually write, but other than, yeah, other than actually seeing somebody in person, I communicate with most people in life through email or text or something I do on this phone. 06:51 And then, let's move on to places you went during the past month, so, ummm, let's see, what apps or programs, if any, have records of the places you visited, like, do you use Google Maps07:09 Uhh, Google Photos07:10 Google Photos? 07:11 Because, yeah, it automatically uploads and tells me where I was when pictures were taken. So, yeah, if I look at my Google Photos for the past month, I'll know where I've been. But ma- I use Google Maps, I don't use Waze that much, ummm, and I don't use Maps that much unless I'm going out of town. 07:30 Ummm, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? Is that something you do? 07:42 Obviously like, Maps, will, and I do every once in awhile go through and make sure it's set to 'just while using the app', I try not to have apps track my location, I don't think I have Instagram or Facebook set to show where my location is, ummm, I don't know if it's that big of a deal, but yeah, if you're a little old-school, you turn those off. �08:09 Ummm, and then, what sort of patterns do you notice in the places you visit, your movements from place to place, do you have a sort of routine with where you go, what you do every day, or is there always a sort of variety? 08:24 Oh no, there's definitely routine, I mean, our daily lives are very routined, part of that I think comes from when you have younger children, you have a routine. Ten years ago, I would've had, probably a different thing going on, but other than scheduled, out-of-town things, the most variety we get now during the school year is like, going to the movies or something like that. 08:48 And then, this is an interesting question that sort of breaks you away from the phone more, it asks you, 'how did you first learn to navigate new locations?' did you use paper maps, did you memorize landmarks, how did you do that sort of thing? 09:03 So, I remember in college, taking road trips, and we used an Atlas. 09:07 No! 09:08 Yes! We, I- we did an impromptu road trip to Vermont from Rome, Georgia with a map. I don't think I could use a map today. And then, after that, it would be, like, when Mapquest first came out, and you could print out directions to a specific location. 09:27 My mom still does that! 09:28 Yeah, I know, my aunt still does that, I don't even understand how that works either. And now, I just, like, I don't think I could go fifty miles without- I can't go anywhere new without Google Maps or Waze. 09:41 It's amazing how we become sort of reliant on these things. 09:43 I know, I still have an Atlas in my car, like, in case of the zombie apocalypse or something, I couldn't use it, though. �09:51 Ummm, and is there anything not reflected on your device that sort of, you use for locations, and places, and things like that? 10:00 No. No. 10:02 No? Everything's on the phone? 10:04 Yeah. 10:05 And then, next part is going to be media, so social media is the focus of this one, so, I find this to be the longest section, because people have a lot to say about their social media, but I'm interested in posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, games, all that good stuff-- umm, these could be anything along that line, so you might have use in your browser history, Google search, Netflix, YouTube, ummm, or social media, like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, if you're my generation-- or, unless you have a Snapchat? 10:48 Only for the filters. I've never snapped a chat. 10:55 Ummm, so based on what you see, what sort of apps or programs do you use to access or produce media? 11:04 So, I do have Instagram, and I love Instagram, ummm, I have Facebook, and I hate Facebook, except I do like seeing family and friends that aren't nearby. So, I'll stalk you on social media, I rarely post anything or comment on anything. Ummm, that's it though, I mean, I have a Snapchat icon here, but I don't know how to use Snapchat. I don't even know what the point is. I don't have a Twitter, ummm, Pinterest. 11:41 Pinterest counts! 11:42 I love Pinterest! �11:43 So do I! 11:45 Ummmm, yeah. I don't think I could design sets without Pinterest. Ummm, and I text in complete sentences, which I've noticed is a generational thing. 11:58 Sometimes I do too. 11:59 Yeah? I can't stand things without proper punctuation. Ummm, but yeah, that's it. 12:08 I know I turned mine off, because of the aesthetics, like, I'll turn off capitalization and sometimes I'll use punctuation12:15 Really? Oh my gosh, no! 12:16 Only sometimes. 12:18 Yeah, no, ugh, I can't handle it. But12:21 If I'm sending formal messages, then I will use- I will use proper grammar, but if I'm just talking to my friends, no12:34 Yeah, I always. I mean, not always full sentences, but I never- I don't use acronyms a whole lot or emojis. I don't even have special emojis. I just have whatever comes on the basic keyboard. Uhhhh.... 12:49 I've found it pretty funny, because my grandmother actually uses more acronyms in texting than I do13:00 That's funny! �13:02 Well, my Mom used one the other day on me that I didn't know what it was, ummm, I had to look it up. But, yeah, I think in social media, so when, like Facebook and Instagram, when it all first come out, I was very much into it, and now I- not. 13:19 No? 13:20 I think I could disappear from most of that world and be totally fine with it. 13:25 That's interesting. So, I think that sort of answers that question, but, ummm, is there any sort of media that you produce or alter in some way? Like, do you make your own sorts of videos, things like that, is there anything that you do? Nothing posted? 13:47 No, I really don't, I mean, not with media stuff, I photoshop things, but I'll take the suggested video that Google put together for me, but no. And I don't post- I usually don't post anything like that. 14:04 And then, tell me about your strategy for storing your media, like, what takes up the most space on your phone, or how do you actually- the other question is, how do you keep it all organized- so do you have folders on your phone? 14:18 Uh, yeah, so I do have the tiles, like utilities, photography, navigation, and anything that's, like, loose, I put on the second page, because I don't want too much on here. Umm, so probably photos take up the most, ummm, and my iCloud filled up like ten years ago, so I just use Google Photos, and it automatically backs up. I also never delete a text, so I probably should, I'm sure that takes up room, other than that I have no idea, because, until my phone starts telling me I'm out of storage, I won't purge it of things. I never back up my phone. So14:56 Oh no! 14:58 I know, you should- I should, but no. 15:03 �So, this is another interesting question that doesn't really pertain to the main theme, but it's 'how do you protect yourself with your media usage?' privacy, things like that, what's important to you in terms of things like that? 15:20 Ummm, well I don't think I do, I mean, I shut off location services, but like, as far as social media, I just don't put- I don't post a lot of things. I will post my dogs on Instagram, but ummm, and occasionally my kid, or a family picture or something, but I just don't get into it, I don't post anything political, I don't- 'cause I just am not willing to put forth the time to have a conversation with people or an argument, or deal with comments and stuff like that, so I've just sort of stepped back. I don't want to- I will have conversations in person, but I don't want to deal. I think social media is now a time-suck to me, so I just tend to stay off of it, unless I can browse right quick, but I'm not going to post anything. 16:12 And, is there anything not reflected in terms of media, do you still read the newspaper, magazines, umm, radio, TV.... all that stuff that16:24 So, I listen to NPR, um, I have Spotify and I listen to a lot of podcasts on it, as well as music, ummm, I do not have a newspaper service, uhh, but uhh, I subscribe to things online. Ummm, and I have a few blogs that I read on the regular. 16:50 And, do you ever play video games at all? I noticed you said on here that your very first16:54 Yes! Nint- Old Nintendo! With, uhh, Mario Brothers and Duck Hunt! Like, the, had the cartridge, you had to blow on it to get it to work. That was me and my brother, we had that when we were little, so I was probably nine or ten or eleven when we got that, we do have an Xbox at home, but mostly my husband and son play it. I like some games, though, I will say my guilty pleasure is like Call of Duty, I like to kill people. 17:26 Oh my gosh, that's funny! 17:28 I know. 17:29 It's a good stress reliever! �17:30 It really is. During the summer, when it's more relaxed, I will play video games. But not much during the school year. 17:40 And then, finally, we've got your personal history and learning of technology. This is the very last section, it sort of goes, how did you- how did this all begin? So, how did you start using your digital tech, and also, it's sort of a twofold question, how did your relationship with it change, from when you first had it, to where you are now? 18:01 Um, like, all the way from having a gaming console? 18:07 Yep! 18:07 Okay. So, I don't even remember when we first had a computer in the house, umm, I had to have been in middle school. But my dad actually owned a computer company back when people were just starting to like, put computers in their houses, ummm, and my dad and my brother were techie people, like my brother is a computer genius, like, he- he's is three years younger, and he- but he hit that time period that if you learned to code things, and do like, you'll just make tons of money, and, and understand how computers work. I really have no idea. I missed that mark. Ummm, but, so, technology's never been a huge part of my life, really, even until iPhones. Cell phones- so, I got my first cell phone when I was twenty-one, and it was an old Nokia brick phone, and my dad gave it to me when I graduated college, and I put it in the glovebox of my car and was like "alright, I'll use this on emergencies", like I did not understand the point of having a cell phone, and I did not get an iPhone until, probably, I was thirty, and my husband got an iPhone so he got me an iPhone, and I thought it was ridiculous- I did not need to have an iPhone19:33 And then what happened? 19:34 And now, I cannot live without an iPhone. But I still- I love it and I hate it, I have a ten-yearold who wants a phone so bad, and I refuse to get him a phone, but at the same time, I cannot- not- I have to make a conscious effort in the evenings to put my phone down. And that's just crazy to me, 'cause we didn't grow up that way. It just wasn't a part of life, to be able to check your email and communicate with people constantly, it's a really weird thing for, I think, because my generation is probably the last generation that grew up without �those things. But has them now. So, now that we have kids, it's- it's a weird thing. That went off on a tangent. 20:17 No, but it was a good tangent! So, of the sort of activities you've discovered so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? What took you the most time to sort of, pick up? 20:35 Ummm, you know, probably social media. And I only say that because you know how, like, Facebook will send you "in this day" of whenever, and when I see things from my first year of social media or something, I don't think I had a clue of what to do, and what it was for, I don't know that any of us really did, but they were so stupid, my little posts, like "having coffee", or something- like, why? I would just broadcast what I was doing in life, and it was for nothing! Umm, it's something a lot of people do. The creation and evolution of social media is such a bizarre thing to me, ummm, and I still don't think I have it right. And maybe that's why I don't post a lot of stuff. I, when I have, so like, I'll, you know, follow students on Instagram and things as we get to know each other, and you guys are so clever and witty with your stuff, and I will never be that way. 21:34 And then, ummm, are there any activities with your device that you wish you knew how to do, but don't? 21:45 No, I think I do too much on it anyways. I don't even know what I'm missing. 21:51 And then, ummm, how about this one? Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? 22:00 Yes. 22:02 And, how are you gauging that? 22:05 I don't know. 22:07 You just, sort of- �22:08 I just do. Umm, I have a stupid amount of self-confidence, so I assume I'm doing whatever correctly no matter what. Umm, I don't know, I think so, because I think most of the time, in a- you said in a professional way, right? 22:27 Yeah! 22:29 Most of the time, I think, in that, at least in this world, professional academia, we're behind the times, so I'm a step ahead of that one. 22:38 And, in your own words, could you describe to me what you would consider somebody who is digitally literate? What does that mean to you? 22:52 So, I would say it's just somebody who knows how to- I think the gauge is how well you know how to use a smartphone. Whether it's Android or iPhone. But- like, it used to be, just knowing how to operate Word and Excel, and things like that, but23:18 And it's funny how we've- how we've transferred from that professional context to23:22 When I think of who- so, like, my grandfather is ninety-three years old, and he has finally gotten dow- like, he has an iPhone. 23:30 No! 23:31 Yeah, my dad got him an iPhone, like a couple years ago, and it took a long time, but he can text, and FaceTime, and it's such a bizarre thing to him, like it took a long time to get the hang of it, even though it's so intuitive. Umm, but yeah, and so, if you think about- it's mostly the older generation who do not know how to operate smartphones and could care less, I get it, but I think that's who we would consider digitally- digitally illiterate. 24:02 And, with that definition, would you consider yourself digitally literate? 24:07 �Literate? 24:08 Literate. 24:08 Yes. 24:10 And, we've sort of already talked about how you learned to be digitally literate over the course of your time, going from video games to smartphones to social media to posting about coffee in your day to day life, you know, but that's pretty much it. I just want to quickly ask if there is anything else you would like me to know in the context of this interview, anything I didn't ask that I should've- anything else you'd like to talk about. 24:41 Ummm, no, I think that was very thorough. 24:46 Excellent. 24:46 Thank you. 24:47 Perfect. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview GK (Pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Penelope Smith (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 14 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Nuremberg, Germany Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1975-1979 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Some French and Spanish Occupation Technical Director of Performing Arts Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 9 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "My generation is probably the last generation that grew up without those things." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #1-Pre-1980 Birthdate The following is an interview of Penelope Smith*, a Caucasian female born in the 1975-1980 age range. The interview was conducted by an Oxford College First Year student, also Caucasian and female. The interview focuses on a tour of a digital device of the research subject’s choosing, studying the past and present digital experience of a said subject for comparison to other generations. college student pre-1980 birthdates https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/f20fdb7eeebe8928bd42986c4cb51c1c.pdf dffa1d9832fcbf306688759ad2633554 PDF Text Text A WeChat Interview About an Individual’s Use of the iPhone X Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #2 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 22, 2018 Transcript HX: This is an interview conducted over Wechat by Hongjin Xiang. Dr. Reid is the principle investigator. You may choose a pseudonym for confidentiality. L: Ok, call me L. HX: Alright, L. Let’s begin. Tell me about why you choose iPhone Xs as your device. L: I choose this device because this is the first thing that comes to my mind. iPhone Xs was officially instock yesterday, and I spent my whole day setting it up. Actually, I was just exploring my new phone. I have iCloud backups, so setting up was just in a few seconds. HX: Good for you. Now look through your device. What apps do you use to plan, coordinate or record your daily activities? L: I mainly use WeChat. I know that it is a communication tool, but it’s the app I use most frequently. You know that you can open a chat box with yourself, right? Basically, I text whatever I need to remember, for example, what to buy in a supermarket, in the chat box. HX: So, what do you have in your chat box? L: Ah… Let me open it. Here it is. I have “bubble tea”, “NBA 2K19”, “FIFA 19”, “Shampoo”, and etc. “Bubble tea” was for my girlfriend, “NBA 2K19” was what I was playing on my Alienware with my classmates recently, “FIFA 19” was to remind myself that the game would come out next week, and I was running out of shampoo, so I went to FamilyMart. HX: Do you see other activities? Of all, which is the most important activity to you? �L: Yes, I play basketball every weekend when I come back from school. I hang out with my girlfriend a lot. There are also some notes for my classes. The most important activity… is probably hanging out with my girlfriend. HX: Makes sense. Are there any activities that you do, but you don’t have it on your phone? L: Um… It’s hard to think of one when it’s not on my phone… Perhaps taking subways? I don’t need to have it on my phone because it is a routine. HX: Great! Next, look at the people who you were involved in during last month. And, you don’t have to give me names, just tell me the relationship between you and the person. What apps do you use to communicate with them? L: WeChat for most of the time. I used to use QQ but not anymore because my friends all use WeChat now. I also call people. HX: So, do you use one mode of communication over another? How do you decide which to use? L: I mainly use WeChat because it has almost all the functions. You can text people and call people. However, when I call my grandma, I don’t call her through WeChat. She sometimes has difficulties with cell phones. Perhaps she’s old. So, I just make a traditional phone call that she can pick it up easily because it will show up on the main screen of her phone. HX: Ok, are there any people you contact, but they are not showed up on your apps? L: Yeah, my teachers. I don’t have their contact information, and it’s really awkward if I have to text them or call them. HX: Next, I want you to look at what places you have been to in the past month. What apps have the record of your locations? Do you have any apps you use to navigate locations, track your movement, and check in to places? If so, what are they? L: Oh… Baidu Map, Keep, and many others. I think many apps require your locations. I turn off the location permission for those apps that I think it is unnecessary to have my locations for both safety reason and battery reason. Let me think… I use Baidu Map to navigate locations, sometimes I use DianPing to �navigate myself to restaurants. I don’t think there’s any app that specifically track my movement. No, wait, actually I think Keep does. When I am running or biking outside, I turn Keep on, and it will show me the map of where I have been to after I finish running or biking. And I don’t check in to places. HX: Ok, look at your Location Services. Do you have it on? L: Of course, otherwise I can’t even use these apps that need my locations. HX: Alright, look at the location history. Are there any patterns in the places you visit? L: Uh… I’m looking at my Significant Locations. I see school and home many times. Shopping malls too. Places I go for meals. And some other places near my school and home… I might randomly walk by them. HX: Cool. How do you first learn to navigate new locations? L: I think I had a map of China when I was little. But I was only reading maps in my dad’s car when my family went on a road trip. It was boring in the car, I guess the only thing I could do was to look at the map of the in-car GPS. HX: Are there any places not reflected on your apps that you have been to? L: I don’t think so. These are all recorded as long as I have my phone with me. Sounds creepy. HX: True… So what other apps you use to discover new places? L: Besides DianPing, I sometimes use Weibo to look up cool places. HX: Next, look at the records of media, such as social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, games, and etc. What apps do you use most to access or produce media? Why do you prefer one over another? L: I can think of WeChat and Steam. For WeChat, I can post or see others’ daily life in the Moments section. I used Instagram for a while, but I no longer use it because it’s blocked, and most of my friends don’t use it at all. We have WeChat, and that is enough. And I use Steam to check latest information of the games I am interested in, even though I cannot play Steam games on my phone. HX: Based on what you see on your device, what media do you use or create the most? �L: Texts maybe. I haven’t post anything for several months. I don’t know what to post. Some posts are like as if the person who posts wants to get attention from everyone. I can’t relate. HX: What are the examples of media that are especially significant to you? And what are the ones that you produce or alter in some way? L: Texts and photos are important. They’re like how I communicate with others and how I record my life. I do photoshop to my friends’ photos. Does that count? HX: Haha, yes. Do you store or share your media? L: Yeah. I don’t clean my chat history because I want to look at it someday. But I don’t like to share my media because I think some are very private. HX: So how do you protect your privacy? L: Uh. On social media, adding me requires my permission. I also set things only visible to myself if I feel it’s necessary. HX: Is there media that is not reflected on your phone? Like reading newspaper, or using other devices. L: I don’t read newspaper! I watch television programs on a TV and play games on my Alienware. HX: Last, I want to ask you how you started using digital technology. How has your relationship with it changed over time? L: I started using them when I was little. I watched TV. As I got older, I got my cell phone and my laptop. I always like to use them. Although my parents had prohibited me to use them for a while, I still feel attached to them because… it’s almost essential to my life. HX: Let me see… Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? L: Yeah. I haven’t met any problems. It was easy. Maybe I’m just good with technology. At school when we have to code, I can complete tasks easily. HX: Ok. Another question: how do you describe someone who is digitally illiterate? L: Ugh… My grandma? Or grandma in general… HX: Well… So, you’re totally not digitally illiterate? �L: Of course not! I always teach myself by going to online tutorials about technology. HX: Is there anything you want me to know? Or anything I should’ve asked? L: No… This is a lot! HX: Alright. Thank you, L! L: No problem. Glad it helps. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Hongjin "Clare" Xiang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed L (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Via WeChat Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 5 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Shanghai, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Shanghai, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 15 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 4 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity Java Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone Xs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A WeChat Interview About an Individual's Use of the iPhone Xs Description An account of the resource Interview #2 - Post-1980 Birthdate An interview conducted over WeChat about "L's" use of technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese college student iPhone iPhoneXs Java post-1980 birthdate WeChat https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/11dd9548cc65559a375ee6f37f7ad97d.pdf 16ed005d5efd1b8f3844633ed7b07f04 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Manager at a Marketing Research Company About His Use of Technology and Proficiency with Coding Languages Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #4 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 8, 2018 Introduction This is an interview about digital device with C conducted by Hongjin Xiang. C is a male born between 1966 and 1970. He currently lives in Shanghai, China, and he was born in Hunan, China. He is a general manger in a marketing research company, and he is proficient with coding languages. Hongjin Xiang is a first-year at Oxford College. She is Chinese, and she comes from Shanghai, China. Her intentions to interview C is to understand his daily activities and relationship with the community surrounded by digital technology. Transcript HX: Hi! This is an interview about your digital device conducted over WeChat by Hongjin Xiang. Dr. Reid is the principle investigator. You may use a pseudonym for confidentiality, a name or a letter will be just fine. C: All right, I can be C. HX: Great! Now the interview begins. First, tell me about why you choose this device. C: My old cell phone, as I tell you, it’s old. Then I bought this new one, and it is the most frequent device I use in my daily life. HX: Now look through your device and see what records of your last month activities you have on it. What apps do you use, and what are your main activities? C: The most common app I’m using is WeChat. Last month I spent most of my time traveling. HX: Cool! Next, look through your device and see what records you have about people who you interacted with last month. What apps do you use to communicate with other people? C: WeChat. This is the most common app used for social communication in the Chinese community. �HX: So, how do you decide which way of communication to use over another? C: Um… For important clients or my parents, I usually call them, as I hope to get more information from voice talking. In other case, I prefer to using WeChat, which is more flexible for my friends to provide feedback. HX: Now, look through your device and see what records you have about the places you went in the past month. What apps have records of the places you visited? C: I use WeChat and Camera to record my daily life. I stored my photos in Baidu Netdisk. HX: What apps do you use to navigate locations? Do you remember how did you first learn to navigate new locations? C: I use Baidu Map in China, Google Map when abroad. In my car, I use Kailide Navigation. My first app is Baidu Map though. HX: Any apps that track your movement? C: Yes, WeChat Sports. HX: Any apps to check in to places? C: No. HX: Any apps to discover new places? C: I often use Dazhong Dianping to discover new places such as restaurants. HX: Cool. Now I would like to ask you about your records of media for the past month on your phone. What apps do you use most to access or produce media? C: WeChat again. HX: What media do you use or create the most? C: Digital photos. HX: Examples of media that are very significant to you? C: Um… Photos to record moment in traveling, such as when I travelled to the U.S. HX: How do you store your media? �C: I store all my digital photos in my PC, as well as Baidu Netdisk. For the photos created by cell phone, I will store them in cell phone at first, and back them up to Baidu Netdisk as well. HX: How do you share media? C: WeChat again and again. HX: Hahaha ok, any strategies for protecting your privacy with using media? C: No at present, but I’m planning to buy a private NAS device, which is like a private cloud device, to back up my private information. HX: Any media not reflected on your device? It’s like you might read newspaper or magazines. C: Yes, radio and TV. HX: Now comes the final part. How did you start using digital technology? How has your relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? C: I started using digital video camera about 18 years ago, as I wanted to record the growing of my daughter. After that, I try to learn digital technology to create electronic album and video editing to generate DVD etc. I enjoyed learning digital technology, as it makes my life more fun and provide happy memories. HX: Aw. Which was the most complex for you to learn? C: It was to create a DVD video, which needs video and audio editing and compression and burning. I have learned software such as Abode premium etc. HX: So, you use them for…? C: Most for recording family life, and sometimes business. HX: When and how did you learn it? C: 15 years ago, from Internet. HX: Any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? C: I wish I had learned the editing and adjusting of RAW format photo generated by my Sony camera. HX: Wow. Why? �C: If I have learned it 3 months ago, I could adjust the exposition curve of the digital photo taken in my daughter’s high school commencement. HX: Aw… What are you missing to learn it then? C: The new RAW format of Sony A7R3 is not supported in light room, and I could not find the driver files for it. HX: Ah… Sounds really complicated. Last question. Do you feel you have enough digital skills in professional context? C: Yes, I think I can. I have good knowledge in computer science and programming. And in the eyes of my friends, I’m often pioneer in using digital device, and interested in learning new technology. HX: That’s very cool! Any other thing you would like me to know? C: No… HX: Ok, then. Thank you so much for doing this interview with me! C: No problem. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Hongjin "Clare" Xiang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed C (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Shanghai, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Hunan, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1966-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation General Manager, Marketing Research Company Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity VBA, C++ Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Huawei Mate 9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Manager of a Marketing Research Company About His Use of Technology and Proficiency with Coding Languages Description An account of the resource Interview #4 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an interview about digital device with C conducted by Hongjin Xiang. C is a male born between 1966 and 1970. He currently lives in Shanghai, China, and he was born in Hunan, China. He is a general manger in a marketing research company, and he is proficient with coding languages. Hongjin Xiang is a first-year at Oxford College. She is Chinese, and she comes from Shanghai, China. Her intentions to interview C is to understand his daily activities and relationship with the community surrounded by digital technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English C++ Cellphone Chinese Huawei VBA https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/fea496ba59b7c51034d48963989a9d3d.pdf f927bbbf73699abe462ec2fd69c2aa98 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Millennial About Her Creative Use of Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #1 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her interviewee. The interviewee is born in 2000, in Chengdu, China, and currently studies in Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Lizzy Fang is also a student in Oxford College of Emory University. She is born in Beijing, China in 2000. The interview’s purpose is to record the interviewee’s journey about her technology use and to find the difference in digital technology usage between teenagers from different provinces in China. Transcript Lizzy Fang: Hi, in this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them like “a co-worker” or “a family member.” etc. Before we begin, do you have any questions? : No. LF: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? �: No. Here it is. LF: Oh, it is your cell phone. (Taking the picture). Okay, tell me why you choose this device please? : Because my cell phone is the digital device that I use the most. And I use it to communicate with other people and probably navigate places. And PC is like too heavy for me to bring to places, so I mainly choose to use my cell phone. LF: I see and okay, to start, I would like you to see at your device and see the records of the activities that you were involved with for the past month. So what apps or programs do you use to plan, coordinate for your activities. : So, I use guidebook, especially during the international student orientation and new students’ program. I like it because it can show me when I should attend the meeting and where I need to go. Also, it provides me the map of this college, so I can find the places I need to go. LF: Okay, so what patterns do you notice about these activities and the role your device play in them? : So, I usually just use this app when I was asked to do, because I do not navigate places when I am by myself. When other people tell me “okay, this app is going to help you to find places that you will have classes and meetings”, then I will go. In my free time, I will not use it at all. LF: Okay, hahaha, is there any information that are not reflected in your device? : Oh, yes. I usually use to do list and a calendar on my PC. Because when other people just send me an email and tell that something is due on Friday or something like that, I would just add it on my calendar and my to-do list on my PC. Because that is a way I use to separate my personal life and my academic life. �LF: Umm-hmm. Okay, so now I am going to ask you to see your device and tell me the records about the people that you are involved within the past month. For example, someone contact you, you contact someone or your phone calls. Oh, please remember to use their relationship names such as your parents instead of using their real names. : The app I use the most is WeChat to communicate with my parents. I think all Chinese students use this to communicate with each other. Also, I use messenger to communicate with foreigners or domestic students here. I also use snapchat to share some of…probably sadness and happiness, basically just what happened around me, to other people. LF: Ok, so I see. So, the pattern of your communication is like… : So, I usually just text other people when they text me. I basically just reply them or if I have some questions I would just ask them. But for like Skype and WeChat and things like video chat, I would use them with my parents when I have time, like once a week. LF: I see. Ok. So, are there any other important people interaction not mentioned? : (laughing) Probably no. I use my cell phone to communicate with people. LF: Okay. So now I am going to ask you to look through your device and see the records of the places you have been to last month. Something like navigating using google maps. : I have an app called iMuseum. I used it like last month to see the museum special displayed something and go there. LF: In Atlanta? : And I went to an oil painting displays. Oh, no, not in Georgia. It is a really famous show, but I have forgotten its name… LF: It is fine. This sounds cool. So, after this question I want to ask you about… you know are location services on your phone. Do you enable it for most of the time? �: I usually would just turn it off. Just when I use apps like Google maps which I need to use my location, I would turn it on. But for other apps like while I share pictures, like snapchat, I would just turn it off for securities. LF: Ok, so all there any apps that you use to check in places like hotels or some other… : Oh yes. I just use checkInn and Airbnb when traveling. LF: (laughing) Airbnb…yes. So what patterns do you notice in the places that you visit? : Ummm…I go to Walmart once a week. And sometimes during the weekend and when I have free time, I would go to the restaurants nearby with my friends. LF: Oh, I see. So, are there any information not mentioned? : (laughing) No. LF: (laughing) Ok, so in the last section, I am going to ask you about the media. So please describe the media you use on your cell phone that you yourself has distributed and put most of your time in, like… : So, I use a lot of TV programs apps…like Netflix and Bilibili (LF laughing) which is very famous in China. And I also use YouTube. For like social media I would use snapchat, twitter, and Weibo, which is like the same thing as twitter that we use in China. And I also use Facebook and Instagram. LF: Umm-hmm. So, can you give me some examples of the media that are especially significant for you? : Ummm. I generally use YouTube to see a lot of different types of videos, like new technology reviews. Like when Apple revealed the latest iPhone, I would search on YouTube to see other people’s reviews. And I also search for fan videos. I have my idols and their concerts are available on YouTube. �LF: Okay, so can you give me some examples of the media that you produce or alter in some way? : Ah, yes. I actually edited my own videos, but they are not on my phones but on my laptops. But when I finished editing I would just send it to my phone and see how it works and how it looks like on my phone. LF: Okay. Tell me about the strategies of storing your media. : So basically, I would just store it in my cell phone. But when there is no storage in my cell phone, I would just use my SD card. LF: Umm-hmm. Do you have any strategies to protect your privacy? : Yeah, I would just turn off my location service. And when I finish visiting a place, I would just leave that place and upload the pictures later just in case anybody can find me there. LF: Oh. : Yeah, there is a kind of time lag here. LF: Umm-hmm, get it. Are there any important media that are not reflected? Like reading newspapers, listening to videos and watching the television? : YES! I actually play video games. And I would edit videos by using Adobe… LF: On PC? : Yeah, on PC. LF: Oh, I get it. And this is the final section… (both people laughing) that I want you to reflect on the device and apps you have shared with me. Focusing on how you use them in the way you currently do. So, the first question is how do you start using digital technologies? �: Yeah, I actually received my first phone…Not like a smartphone but like a small phone like… LF: Nokia? : Yeah, Nokia! When I was seven, my mom bought me one. And I just used that kind of cell phone and it was just too small. I could not play well-made videos. But now I can play like a lot of well-designed with very good character designed video games. I download games on my smartphone. LF: It is like the technology? : Yeah, it is like totally upgrading. LF: And of all the technologies you mentioned, which one is the most complex to learn? : Umm, of all of these, I think it is the most difficult for me to read, like read papers or textbooks on my cell phone. I just find it very hard, very hard for me to concentrate. When I read paper materials I can just use my markers to highlight and write down some of my points, but on the phone, I just can’t do that. LF: Umm Hmm. And can you tell me any activities that you want you know how to do on your device, like your cell phone? : I just wish I can learn how to read effectively. Or just reading faster. LF: Ok, ok. Do you have any digital skills to use technology in a professional context? How so? : I actually can like edit videos on my cell phone, and I also know how to change pictures. I don’t know how to describe that, but it is like… LF: Making the photos look prettier? �: Oh yes. Making people look prettier and probably change the color of the photos or the backgrounds. LF: Okay, so next question. How would you describe someone how is digitally literate? : Umm… I think people who are described digital literate are those people who can communicate with other people efficiently using information on technology. And they can create their own communication information with other people. And they also have the skills to do so, that they are not forced to do it. LF: Yes, by themselves. : Right. LF: So, do you consider yourself digitally literate? : I think kind of. Because it is easy for me to text or email people, but still hard for me to read like long paper or reading materials on my cell phone. LF: How do you learn to be digitally literate? : Umm… Actually, I figure some parts by myself, especially for typing. When you spend enough time practicing typing, you will know which key is where. But for like reading part. My teachers have taught us how to read on the digital devices, but I still find it hard. Probably when I practice that skill many times, probably I can do it...? LF: Umm-hmm, I think so. So, are there any other thing you would like me to know, like we haven’t mentioned before? : (laughing) No. LF: Okay, thank you! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Manqing (Lizzy) Fang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 6 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese (Mandarin) Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 7 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity C++ Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cell Phone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung S9+ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Millennial About Her Creative Use of Technology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 23, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #1-Post-1980 Birthdate This is the interview between Lizzy Fang and her interviewee. The interviewee is born in 2000, in Chengdu, China, and currently studies in Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia. Lizzy Fang is also a student in Oxford College of Emory University. She is born in Beijing, China in 2000. The interview’s purpose is to record the interviewee’s journey about her technology use and to find the difference in digital technology usage between teenagers from different provinces in China. Chinese college student international student post-1980 birthdate video editing https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/6cfa975ee721b2db2897cf82a193f420.pdf 8d9d2d08c5ae8da4a62f73e7503b135e PDF Text Text An Interview with a Psychology Professor About Her Evolving Experiences with Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #10 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 4, 2018 Introduction: This is an oral history interview with Dr. A, a Caucasian female, currently teaching at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of Dr. A. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so Dr. A drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Transcript: D: Ma’am, so—um in this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you. And that you use it regularly, like your mobile phones, laptop, desktop, computer, anything that you find that is—um—important in your life. Dr. A: Okay. D: And so—um—before we begin, do you have any questions or concerns? Dr. A: No. D: Okay. Thank you! Do—ah— so—um as you said before that you wanted to use your laptop. Can you tell me the reason why you choose to use this device? Dr. A: So you mean for the interview? �D: Yes. Dr. A: —Or just in general? Okay, so—um I guess it's probably the device I use most frequently— um—and I use it for work and all kinds of things. D: Yes, ma’am. Um—so for this part of the—um interview, I'm going to ask you like—um—what activity Do you usually use this device for? Like, on your laptop y—there’s many features, apps and you know, such as things that enable you to have access to a larger—ah—community or information or of the community? What apps or programs if any, do you use to plan coordinate or record your activities? Dr. A: So I used email a lot, and then—ah—the email program I use has a calendar function. So—um— I used that to record things. D: So the calendar thing that like very important for almost everyone. Dr. A: Yes. D: Um—based on what you see on your devices. What are your main activities? Unknown 1:53 Um—my main activity, I would say, well, email would certainly rank up there pretty high. Ah— what else do I used? Ah—search—web searching for various things. Certainly, I used word for writing papers and tests and all those fun things. Um—what other programs do I used?Ah— PowerPoint for getting lectures together. D: Ahah. Dr. A: Let's see, I'm just looking at common ones. Ah—I used a statistics program when I'm doing data analyses. D: Oh wow… Dr. A: And what else do I used? Ah—oh, I keep my—my photos on my laptop, so I used the photo program. �D: Yes, ma'am. So of all these—um programs that you described, which one do you feel like is the most important to you? Like, you have to use it or else… Dr. A: Probably email. D: Yeah, I heard from Professor that they have to check their emails so many times a day. Dr. A: Yes. D: Um—what patterns do you noticed in your activities and the role of your device played in them? Dr. A: Can you tell me a little bit more what you're asking? Unknown 3:14 So it's kind of like—like—um you know, how you describe your regular activities. What do you notice that—that’s, you know, your laptop enable you to do like—like, what kind of patterns do you find that you do? Do you have to refer back to your laptop regularly to do this device, or you know, what sorts of you know… Dr. A: So gosh, I feel like, I use it constantly. If I'm in my office—I’m, which is, you know, much of the day I am sitting in front of my computer. And so, I'm regularly switching back and forth between—so I always have my email and my calendar up, but then I might be working on, you know, slides for class tomorrow, or writing—ah—you know, working on some writing for research, or can I think what else? So, I’m—I switch back and forth a lot in terms of what I do, but it’s—I use it pretty much all day, every day (laughter). D: (Laughter) So would you say that is like—very important to you? Like, if you forgot your laptop at home one day (laughter)? Like, what will happen? Dr. A: I would go home to get it (laughter). D: (Laughter) Dr. A: I mean, yeah, I can't really get through the day without it. D: �Yes, thank you. Um—what other important activities that are not reflected on the information of your devices. So what others thing that you do that, you know, doesn't necessarily involving your device that—you know, you don't need it, and it doesn't reflect on that type of activities? Dr. A: Oh, so work related things or outside of work? Or what do you thinking? D: It could be work related things that—because you do work and you have, like, use your laptop in order to do work. It could relate it to that, or it could be something else that, you know, you find important in your life, and, you know, you don't necessarily use… Dr. A: Oh, okay, um, well, I try not to use it—ah—all the time at home (laughter). Um, so I tried to have time during the day where I don't have my laptop going, and I'm with my family, my kids and things like that. Um—at work, like during regular, you know, workday hours—um—the only time I'm really not on my computer is if I'm in a meeting or—ah— meeting with students or teaching—when I'm teaching, I'm not on my computer. I'm usually on the computer in the classroom. D: Yeah (laugh). Dr. A: So I would say at work, there aren't a lot of times that I'm not using it. But at home, I try to— ah—try to minimize the amount of time. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. That’s very insightful. Because I think—I should stop using— Dr. A: —I know, I know. D: —it now so I don’t… Dr. A: I mean, one way that I think a lot of people use their devices and computers would be for, you know, like watching movies or things like that. And I don't usually do that on my laptop. I mean, I might watch TV or something, but on an actual TV (laughter), not my computer. So I would say I don’t—I don't use it a lot for sort of non work related things. Um—like I said, I keep my photos on there. But so that would not be work related—but—ah—that’s about it. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. So for the next section, I'm going to ask you about the people and your social media interactions with your—with people around you through like, your text messages, �your emails, your records, or any orders—other type of social media platforms that you use, like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and or, you know, video calls such as Skype or FaceTime. Dr. A: Okay. D: And so I'm going to ask you like, the role of it in, you know, in—in your communication with other people and relationships that, you know, those apps and program help you to achieve or to form? Dr. A: Okay. D: So what kind of apps or program if any of you use to communicate with other people? Dr. A: So—um— to communicate with others, I used email. Um—I text though not with my laptop with my phone (laughter). D: (laughter) Dr. A; And what else do I do—Facebook? Um— I'm trying to think—those are really the only ones I use. I don't have an Instagram account, or um—Snapchat, or—what else and I don't really Skype. I have used Skype, but I don't use it regularly. So it's really just those three email texting and Facebook. Yeah. D: Um, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device play in? Dr. A: So patterns and communication? Um—well, I guess specifically with my laptop email would be the main one. And so I use it for communication—um— both professionally and personally. So, you know, professionally—um—that’s how faculty communicate with one another, or you know, I communicate with—with colleagues and collaborators at other universities, primarily through email. Um—you know, committee work on campus, we're constantly emailing things, so I use it a lot that way. And then patterns in terms of—um—other sort of personal things, I guess, keeping up with friends, texting—ah—my parents, keep emailing, texting my parents, and then texting—ah— also communicating with my—my kids with friends, things like that. D: �So, you know, the one that you—ah—described, which one do you think would be like the thing—that—the program that you would use the most like not at your work per se, but in general? Dr. A: Oh okay. So um—probably still email. I think—I mean texting is important to me in terms of being able to communicate quickly and easily like with my kids, or with my husband, but other than that, email’s probably the most important one. D: Yes, thank you. Um, so what type of other interactions that you know—you don't use your device for that isn't reflected in the information on your device? Dr. A: Oh, that I don't use my device for? Um—well, lots of face to face interactions, for sure (laughter). D: (laughter) Dr. A: That would, I guess, be the main one and phone calls—ah— you know, actually picking up the phone and talking to people. Um, I mean, I guess that's the device though, but are you specifically asking about my laptop or just devices in general? D: Just your laptop. Dr. A: Oh, my laptop. Okay. So, um, yeah, I mean, primarily face to face interactions. D: Yes, ma’am. And I found out I like really—important—I’m not a big person on texting. You know, people like to use computers or any type of digital media to communicate, but I'd rather go out and find people to talk with. Dr. A: Yeah. D: It’s more fun than— (laughter) Dr. A: Yeah, definitely (supportive)! D: �Yes. So in the next session, I'm going to ask you about, you know, the places that you interact with using your device like there's certain apps and programs that allow you to navigate like you know, Google Maps, service location data on your on your phone, or local based social media that facilitate any type of you know—um— transportations, and as well as your calendar when you know, you have calendar to remind you of where to go, what place you need to be in at this moment, this hour, this time and so—um—if you have any sorts of device like that—um—what do you—which apps or programs you often used to navigate to discover location? Dr. A: Um—well, so I guess on my laptop, it would primarily be just the calendar function. So I put everything, you know, all my appointments and things like that—meetings on—on my calendar. So I would be pretty lost if I didn't have that. I—I don’t—I don't try to remember things in terms of where I need to be when, I just throw it all in there and hope for the best. Um—in terms of other sorts of things, I guess, I don't really use my laptop so much for the other things that you mentioned. It is my phone more for, you know, like using maps to get places or to find my way around, but, um, but don't really use my laptop that way. D: Yes, ma’am. And one other important things that I want to—um— mention is that on all devices, they have this thing called surface—oh no, location services— Dr. A: Ahah— D: —which mean it allowed people to track you on your laptop, do you have that kind of, you know, function or feature turned on? Or you keep it all for? Dr. A: Oh, I don't even know it's a good question. I'm not sure. D: Yeah, because you know, people could like usually if you like displaced your laptop—so you also use Apple laptop—displaced your Apple Apple laptop, and maybe you have the location service turn on, you could potentially able to find your laptop, like, where is it the things like that. But if you don't have it turned on, then of course, it won't be able to track your location. Dr. A: Right. D: But um—the tracking of location could be a very scary thing because others people could really, you know, get the information, you know, through the service tractor. Dr. A: Ahah. �D: Yes. Um, do you often use your laptop to find places? Like to look on maps, or any thing to like, find any type of place? Dr. A: Um, oh, sometimes I guess I did not frequently, but occasionally—find me—if I'm looking. So if I happen to, you know, needs to look up where something is located—ah— occasionally I'll look up—um—- my kids are playing on sports teams, and I have to look up where the school is that they're playing at or something like that. D: How did you first learn how to navigate to new locations? It doesn't have to be like using any sort of device—like it could be just like memory or remember the landmarks and everything. So how do you first learn to navigate? Dr. A: How do I do it? Now, if I have to go somewhere new or you mean when I first started? D: Yeah, first started. Dr. A: Oh. So I mean, when I first started having to find my way around—ah—when I first was driving or something like that—um—none of this stuff existed. D: Yeah (laughter). Dr. A: I had paper maps that I would use to—ah—in graduate school. For example, for a couple of summers, one of my jobs was to do interviews, like what you're doing with families with children—it was a research project. And so I had to find people's houses all over the city where I was, and I had this massive map. I mean, it was huge, that had like, every possible road on it. And so I would, if I knew where I was going, if I had to go to find a new home, I would, you know, study up before I left and figure out exactly what I needed to do to get there. D: Yeah ma’am, like, currently, I'm really struggle and reading like paper map (laughter). Dr. A: Yeah (laughter). D: Like before, when I go to the—um—when I came to visit Oxford, and I have to figure out what a building is. I just looked at the paper map and I go like—I can't do this (laughter)! �Dr. A: Yup! D: Like not—this is not something for me to do. Dr. A: Yes. Well, you would have been able to probably in the past if you'd had to (laughter). D: (laughter) Yes, this is something I found out really insightful. When you know, people have to learn things— Dr. A: Yes. D: —or all sorts of things like that. Um—so in the next part, I'm going to ask you like—the media that you usually use it on—like the media is such as like social media posts, text, photos, music, video, TV shows, movies and game that you read, listen, watch or play, or it's something that you created or distributed. So any type of medium like that would considered to be a media, and I would want to find out like, what apps or programs do you usually used to facilitate, you know, the creation or, you know, the sharing or, you know, something that you do? Dr. A: Okay. So, you mean, just what are the programs that I use to share that kind of thing? D: Yes ma’am. Dr. A: Um—so, again, I guess email would be the primary one or maybe Facebook—ah—posting photos or something like that on Facebook. D: Yes ma’am. Would you say like—like if you were to produce something like you produced have written paper, you know, PowerPoints or any kind of multimodal media, what sort of program would you use it for? Dr. A: What, how would I create it? Or how would I get— D: —yeah—um—so what program you use to create those? �Dr. A: Oh, I'm so Word Documents or a PowerPoint, but that's probably—that’s probably about it. I don't create a lot of stuff on my—on my laptop. D: Yes. Um, can you give me some example of the media that is especially significant to you like the usually, like do you usually watch any type of movie TV shows? Or—or it could be like, photos that you save on your laptop, or you know, music that was saved on your laptop and things like that. Dr. A: Um, I guess I don't really—ah—the only thing I really do on my laptop that way would be photos. D: Yes ma’am. So yeah, my— my parents are to like, they’re—they like taking—they start to really taking a lot of pictures now that, you know, the camera is so relevant nowadays. It is like you just pull out your phone and took pictures and so on. They're like devices, they would have loads and loads of pictures. Dr. A: Yes. Yeah. I am—I used a regular digital SLR camera, but then I always download everything to my computer. D: Yes. Um, can you give me some examples of the media you produce or altered in any ways? Dr. A: On my laptop? D: Yes, ma'am. Dr. A: Um, I guess just photo. I mean—I don't usually—I don't produce them that way, but alter maybe. I mean, occasionally I play around with them and, you know, change the colors or something like that, but not very much. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. Um, tell me about your strategy for storing your media, like, how do you manage, you know, your photos, your music, your TV shows if you have any? Dr. A: Um, so I have some external hard drives. And I just try to frequently, you know, copy stuffs over to that, but I don't do anything very sophisticated to store it or organize it. �D: Yes, ma'am. Um, can you tell me about strat—any strategies that you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? Dr. A: Um, so, I mean, we have through the Emory system, you know, logging on to email and things like that is fairly well protected, I think, but I don't really do anything specific to… D: Yes, ma'am. I think like, regular password on a computer. Dr. A: Oh, yeah. Yeah, so right. I have a password and things like that, but nothing out of the ordinary. D: Yes, ma'am. So what important media that is not reflected in the inflammation on your device? For example, you may read newspaper or magazines, listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies, or play video games, or you may be involved in creating such media. So, you know, what types of things that you do that doesn't involve your device? Dr. A: Um, let's see. So well, I just mentioned taking photos. I use a camera to do that. Um—movies and TV—I just watch TV on a on a TV (laughter). D: (laughter). Dr. A: I like to go to movies—in the movie theater. What other things do I do? I guess reading—ah—I didn't think about that earlier, but yeah, I—I do read the newspaper a lot on my laptop. And so I don't get a hard copy of the newspaper anymore. What else did you mentioned? Oh, listening to the radio. I do that a lot. When I'm driving. I listen to the news. What other things do I do?Reading? I like to read magazines, sometimes, so by actual hard copies of magazines, or journals, academic journals. Sometimes I still read the hard copies. Hmm—those are the main ones I can think of. D: Yes, ma'am. So my question is, do you usually read academic journals or finding information through your laptop? Dr. A: Yeah, I would say, usually, I used—to use my laptop to do that. I'm searching, you know, through the library or various databases, but I still get some journals, the hard copy. And so I read them, you know, that way. D: �Yes ma’am, thank you. And so this is the last part of the interview. Dr. A: Okay, great. D: And in this final section, I would like you to reflect on your history with the device and the apps that you shared with me. So it going to be focusing on how you learn to use them. Dr. A: Ah, okay. D: It's a process of how you, you know, able to use the device that you are using. So, um, how did you start using digital technology? How your relationship with it has changed over time? Dr. A: Oh, it's changed a lot over time! So I guess the first time I ever used a computer was—when I was in college. And there was a little computer lab in the library—um—so this was before the time that anybody would have had a personal computer. I went to college with a—with a typewriter. And it—it actually gets—what’s called a word processor. So it had like, it could store maybe a couple of lines of text. But we had a computer lab in the library for the whole campus. And there were maybe, I don't know, 20 computers or something like that. So that was the first time that I ever used a computer. Occasionally, I'd have to go—I took a computer science class, so we'd have to go do stuff in the computer lab, or—I’m trying to think—once I got into college a little bit further and started learning statistics and various things like that, where I need to use computer programs. I didn't have one myself, but the psychology department started getting their own computers. And so I learned through classes that I took and things like that. So instead of just kind of having it and figuring it out, usually I was directly, which I think is how a lot of people learn now. D: (laughter). Dr. A: Um—a lot of the things that I learned when I first started using computers, you know, it's directly taught by professors, you know, here's how you do this. D: Yeah. Dr. A: And then you asked kind of how it's changed over time. I mean, it went dramatically from, you know, having like 20 computers on campus for the whole entire campus to—people have—by the time I got to graduate school, that was the first time I actually owned my own computer. And �so I had it, you know, in my apartment. And so that was a big change to actually own a computer. And then I didn't get a laptop until, maybe, gosh, my last year or so of graduate school. And that was a huge—ah—that was a big step to be able to, you know, carry it with me and have a computer that was portable. And then I mean, other technology. So my phone is the other device that I use regularly now, and I didn't have a phone until I was an adult (laughter). D: (laughter). Dr. A: They didn't really exist prior to that. D: That is something I could relate to because I didn't actually have my phone until I enter high school. Dr. A: Okay. D: It's because my mom started worried that you know, in high school, you have to do a lot of extracurricular activities. Dr. A: Yeah. D: And so she was like, well, you—we need communication somehow, and so that's the first time I get my phone. But before that, I don't have a phone going through school or laptop at all. Dr. A: Yeah. D: I just get my laptop and my phone as well when I entered high school. Dr. A: Uh huh. D: Ma’am, so from, you know, from the process of you learning how to use a computer, what do you find is the most complex and difficult for you to learn? Dr. A: Um, so I—ah—I don’t really know how to solve technology problems. �[Interruption] Dr. A: Okay. Um, yeah, so if something goes wrong, I don’t—I'm not very good at fixing it. So we have a fabulous IT department at Oxford. And so if something goes wrong, I call them immediately. So I'm not great at—that’s hard for me. I don’t—I don't really understand computers very well. So if something isn't working the way that it's supposed to be working, I'm not great at being able to figure out on my own how to fix it. D: Yes, ma'am. Like programs that you particularly find—okay, can you give me like some example of the programs that you particularly find difficult to use? Dr. A: Programs? Um, well, gosh, I'm trying to think (pause). I’m try to think of a specific kind of program (pause). There's some statistics programs that—that I use that I find challenging sometimes, but just the kind of everyday programs that I use. I can't think of any that I find particularly challenging. D: Oh, it's fine. Um—do you usually, can you—well, can you tell me how, or when you learn to complete or, you know, overcome, you know, difficulties that you have with, you know, your computer—your laptop? Dr. A: um, I would say I’m getting better at and well, computers, I think are getting a lot easier to figure out, and they're more intuitive, especially Macs. I feel like our—ah—kind of intuitive, and so I'm getting better at just sort of trying things. And instead of being afraid that like, “Oh no if I do something wrong, I'm going to break it or so?” But I would say I'm not over that fear completely. D: I could understand (laughter). Dr. A: (laughter). D: When I was downloading something, I’m making sure that “Will this break this computer? Will it go so slow that I can't do anything?” Dr. A: Right. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? �Dr. A: Um, let's see, I guess I wish I were a little bit savvier at using social media. So—um—ah—and I— I don't think it would be hard to do, I just have not taken the time to do it. So I'm not on Instagram, for example, or Twitter, not that I really want to be on Twitter. But uh, yeah. So I don't know. I just don't have experience with those. So kind of learning more about other types of social media might be helpful. D: Yes, ma'am. I’m also lack of—lack of experience. Dr. A: Yeah, D: Those things to like—I don’t usually, like I mentioned before, I like talking to people face to face and actually initiating meets up and stuff like that instead of using social media. So I'm not really a savvy user either. Dr. A: Yeah (laughter). D: So I could completely understand that. Um—so do you feel like you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? Can you tell me about how you are gauging that? Dr. A: Hmm. Um, yeah. So I think for the most part, I would say yes. Again, I think we're fortunate at Oxford that we have—we have a great IT part—department. And we also have a group of people who are really focused on academic technology. So they are constantly showing us, you know, new programs and new ways of using technology in our teaching. So I rely on them a lot to help me. And occasionally, I will go to them and say, “Hey, I want to do something like this, is there a way that I can do that?” So I tend to seek out help if there are things that I need help on. So as long as I am able to do that, then I would say yes, I— I feel okay about having that the skills that I need to, you know, to, to do what I need to do at work. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, for your personal contexts? Do you feel like you also have the necessary skills? Dr. A: Um, yes, and no. Now that my children are getting older, I will sometimes hand my phone to one of them and say, “Can you fix this for me?” or “Show me how this works?” So, I mean, yeah, I think—I think I'm doing okay. But there are certainly things that I don't know and don't understand (laughter). �D: Yes ma’am. Um—how would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Dr. A: Digitally literate? Um—well, I guess I would— I guess I think about that in terms of—sort of along the lines of what you were just asking—ah—of, you know, if you have a—have a question or something you want to do that uses digital or uses technology that you either know already how to do it, or know how to get the resources that—you access the resources that you need to be able to do that. Yeah, so I guess I would think about that it's digitally literate. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, how would you—would you consider yourself digitally literate? If so, how do you learn to be digitally literate? If not, why not? Would you still like to learn in order to be digitally literate? Dr. A: So I guess I would think of that more on a continuum. Um—so in—certainly in the ways that I feel like I need for my job, or even for the most part in my personal life, I would say that I'm digitally literate. But I also know that there are many, many, many, many things that I don't know how to do. And yeah, so I guess I think about it more as a continuum than kind of an either or digitally literate or illiterate. So I fully recognize that there's a lot more than I could learn, but—um—but I guess I feel like I have what I need, now. D: Yeah. That’s is really, like, I feel the same thing. Like there's a lot of people able to use this very complex program, and I won’t—I don't know how to use them. But I still feel like I know enough in order to facilitate what I'm trying to do. And so that would be something I consider to be digitally literate as well. So—um—is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there is there something I did not ask that I should have asked? Dr. A: I don't think so. If you and as you're writing your paper, if you have other questions, and you want to come back, feel free to do that, but I don't know if anything else to tell you. D: Okay, thank you very much! Dr. A: Sure! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dr. A (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 16 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Virginia, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1970-1975 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Professor Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 24 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 22 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Laptop Computer Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. MacBook Pro Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Psychology Professor About Her Evolving Experiences with Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #10 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an oral history interview with Dr. A, a Caucasian female, currently teaching at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of Dr. A. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so Dr. A drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple MacBook Pre-1980 Birthdate professor psychologist https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/5e76e4441e75bf9806acd72ae4df62de.pdf 1ff0276b9fdde4f7b48790e025898d9b PDF Text Text An Interview with a Self-Described Digitally Literate First-Year College Student Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #3 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction: This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Marie*, a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is from Georgia. The interviewer is Ana Natalia, a fellow classmate of Marie’s that attends the same university and is from Wellesley, Massachusetts. The purpose behind her interview is to understand the patterns of digital technology usage among peers who grew up in the emerging age of digital technology. Additionally, her goal for the interview was to practice engaged interview skills. *Pseudonym Transcript: Interviewer: Hello. Interviewee: Hello! Laughter Interviewer: So… Okay. So in this interview I'm going to take you on... I'm going to ask you to take me on a guided tour, um, of whatever digital device you brought that’s particularly significant for you or maybe that you use routinely. Um, so your mobile phone, uh, desktop, computer, laptop, etc, etc. Uh if the device enables it I’d like you to review records of your activities during the past month. This can include calendar entries, text messages, phones calls, emails, websites, or social media interactions, uh and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. Um you can decide what to comment on or what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so also please don’t share information about anything illegal um or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. Please do not… Please do not mention the names of other people, um, you can just refer to them as whatever role they play in your life. So coworker, family member, um, or acquaintance. Alright. So before we begin do you have any questions? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Ok. Alright. And do you mind if I take a photo of your device? Interviewee: Not at all! Interviewer: Are you doing your phone? 1 �Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Ok. Laughter. I’m trying to get this without a shadow here. Ok. Interviewee: Beautiful. Interviewer: Uhm so... Could you tell me why you chose this device? Interviewee: So I’m on my phone a lot. I’m, like, generally what people consider to be, like, you know, millennials are obsessed with their phones, like, I hate that stereotype but also it definitely applies to me so I can’t be that mad at it. I use it, like, for work, like, I use it for any activities I’m involved in. I don’tlike anything I can do on my phone I do before anything else, so, it didn’t even really make sense to choose anything besides my phone because, like, I don't use anything else all that often. Interviewer: Alright that’s fair. Um and so if you use your phone… you say you use your phone pretty often. What apps do you usually use or is there a certain function that you use more than others? Interviewee: Um.. so this is going to get real weird. Interviewer: Laughter. Ok. Interviewee: So I have a Tumblr and it's 100% anonymous no one knows who I am but I am on that a lot. That takes up a lot of my non-school time. I also- so I play piano in my church's band I'm like the keyboardist or whatever and so um all my like planning, all the music that I do the notes that I take about the music that I'm playing are all on my phone because it's easier and I can look at it while I'm playing, um, so I do that a lot. Um texting my family is a big one and then like all of my school stuff is also on my lovely canvas app. So… I… so there's that too so basically any activity that takes up a lot of my time ends up somewhere in here. Picks up phone. Interviewer: Right. Um so as I hear, like, you kind of use these apps to maybe plan sometimes coordinate and maybe record your activities? Do you use any, um, maybe with your band, do you use any apps to record your activities? Interviewee: Not record my activities um there's a record of, like, who is playing what days or what songs we’re doing but it doesn't necessarily... It's more me getting the record rather than making one myself if that makes sense. Interviewer: Alright, yeah, absolutely. Um and so just based on what you see on your device, uh, what are your main activities? Interviewee: Um so… at least in my app suggestions it's Tumblr messages oh and I use this app called Musi for… to listen to music because I don't want to pay for Spotify so I use that a lot and then… Planning Center which is the app that has all of my music on it and stuff. 2 �Interviewer: And which of those that you just mentioned are most significant to you? Interviewee: Sighs. It kind of depends on what context. Um, if we're talking, like, in a more professional context definitely Planning Center. I would probably actually die without that app because it has all ofeverything that I need to know on it. Messages is also a big one I'm not a huge texter but, like, people will send me texts so that I know what's going on, where I need to be, if there's anything interesting going on with them so that's a big one. And then I am on Tumblr a lot just out of like when I'm just not doing anything or I need something to kill brain cells I’ll just scroll through. Interviewer: Do you use it- do you find that you use it for entertainment mostly or do you use it for selfexpression or maybe a combination of the both? Interviewee: So both mainly. I’m very big on, like, social justice, racial politics, feminism, all of that lovely millennial stuff. So my Tumblr is heavily… aggressively dedicated to that. I also have... I also have a side blog that's dedicated to, like, a particular TV show that I enjoy and it's like, you know, analyzing characters and different things like that so… yeah that's like the entertainment part but it's also kind of a job at this point because I'm one of the main mods so I'm responsible for providing contact forthis sound so weird- my followers? They don't even know who I am but it's part of my job... that I'm not getting paid for. Interviewer: That’s cool though! Do you find that... You refer to it as a job so is it something that you feel a responsibility to continue and that's why you do it or do you genuinely enjoy it and that's why you do it? Interviewee: So I do genuinely enjoy it. It's mostly like a humor blog and I use it to take a break from my main blog which is all about politics because politics are stressful. So I do enjoy doing it a lot that's why I started doing it. I do feel, like, a certain responsibility to maintain it and actually have not been real awesome with that since the school year started. But, uh, but mostly it's an entertainment thing. It's a fun thing that I and a friend of mine do and so, and so… We just- that's how- I don't know I just enjoy it. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Um so… you mentioned a little bit about some of the patterns you might do on Tumblr I'm assuming some of those patterns may include, like, updating this blog or scrolling through other blogs. But do you notice any patterns in your activities and the role your device plays in them? Interviewee: So there’s, like, a very big divide between, like, my- the life that people know about and my more private section. So like nobody in my life knows that I even have a Tumblr let alone that I run a social justice blog or a blog dedicated to this particular TV show so that's very separate from everything else. Also a lot of the browsing I do on my phone is like in incognito mode not necessarily because I need to hide it but I just am not big of leaving records of myself wherever I've been so there's that. And then on the other hand there's things like messages, and Instagram, and Planning Center even where everyone can see what I'm doing and it’s all, like, but it's nothing super personal or important or anything like that. So I guess that's a big pattern. 3 �Interviewer: Yeah! And are there any important, um, activities that are not reflected in the information on your device and if so which ones? Interviewee: Mmm... I don’t… I don’t know really. Pretty much everything that I do there’s some record of it whether it's like texting my friends and telling them I'm going to be at this place or, like, teaching in church and at least my schedule is on even if nobody knows exactly what I'm doing on there, so, there's a lot of that. I don't know if there's any- I mean I guess like a lot of my time that I'm not on my phone or working is dedicated to, like, just hanging out with my family and that's kind of like- it's not a hard-andfast rule- but it's kind of like a no phone situation. We’ll, like, watch movies or play cards or something like that so that takes up, like, a lot of my time. Actually yeah so there... every Sunday or at least before I started coming to school um my family and another family that were really close would get together and just do dinner every Sunday and we would play games and they have like, um, I used to babysit their kids. They're pretty young the oldest ones like six and the youngest one is almost one so they're really attached to myself and my brother and sister and so we would, like, hang out with them a, like, cook a lot of good food and that kind of thing so that was a big part of my life. It still is really I still go as much as I can but um there's not really any record of it I would say because like all of my friends know that every Sunday that's where I'm going to be and again it's kind of like a no phone situation so. Interviewer: Is that “no phone situation”, um, both during the Sunday dinners and also maybe when you're spending other times with your family during the week, um, did that arise out of a time when you really were attached to your phone and would be with your family and not be able to put it down or was it just something that you guys had all decided from the get-go, like, this needs to happen? Interviewee: No, it's not even something that we really ever talked about. It's just that nobody really brings their phone and so then it would be more of a... a divergence from the norm if we did it's not like anything- like we never discussed, like, you can't have your phone cause it's not a rule and we use your phone still for work or if somebody texts us or anything like that but, you know, in these times it's just expected that you, you know, participate in conversation and you play the game or whatever we're doing so that kind of thing. Interviewer: And do you think that there's something to be said about... how you interact with people with your phone versus without your phone and that's why you don't use your phone? Interviewee: I don’t know… Um... I would say there's not a huge divide between with or without. I mean, I guess the real conversation would be, like who I'm interacting with because if I’m, like, talking to my family or whatever, I guess I mean that's not necessarily true but a lot of times 50/50 when I'm talking to my family it'll be in person or even over a long phone call but not as often as we just hang out. I was homeschooled for my whole life basically. Interviewer: Oh wow! Interviewee: Oh, yeah. Surprise. Laughter So if you ever wonder why I'm so awkward... 4 �Interviewer: No! You’re not awkward at all. Laughter Interviewee: Um, but, it just meant that I spent a lot of time at home. I did like, I had friends and I did clubs like I had activities and things like that but a lot of my time was spent just at home and if I did homework I was at home or, you know, whatever. So I just grew up talking to my family face to face even when I got my phone, like, it was weird to not be speaking to them face-to-face and this other family that were close to there as close as my family so that rule kind of ended up applying to them as well. With my friends, like, we just use whatever: we talk in person, we talk on the phone, we FaceTime, we text, whatever. Um, but mostly if I'm with this select group of people it will mostly be in person or 50/50. Interviewer: That's very interesting. So you kind of did go into this but, um, the apps on your phone or programs if there are any specific ones, um, which do you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: Just regular iMessages is a big one I'm not. Sighs. I’m a horrible horrible texter at the moment I have 398 unread text messages. Interviewer: So you would Define being horrible at texting by... Interviewee: I just don't check them or respond? Interviewer: Okay... Laughter. Interviewee: I just- like unless it’s like, if it’s like a more professional thing then I’ll check those but, like, my friends and I are all in a group chat and, like, the group chat’s been going on for, like, three years, and sometimes I don’t have time to check all of the messages. And they’re all almost the same thing and so I just. 398 text messages. I’m also… I use my email a lot. Also bad at that: I have 10,927 unread emails. Interviewer: Laughter. Interviewee: Yeah. I’m just not awesome at, like, checking my notifications. I don’t even know how many unread DMs I have… I just- I don’t even remember what the question was. The short answer is that I’m horrible at responding to people. Yeah. Interviewer: Right. So do you find that… So the question was do you- what programs of apps do you use to communicate with other people. So in that case, do you consider messages communicating with other people? Interviewee: Yes, because I do when it’s, like, important. Um… communicate… yeah messages or just like my phone calls if… well really that’s just about it. I did used to use snapchat a lot, I used to use Instagram DMs a lot I don’t that much anymore but that used to be a big part in my life. Now it’s mostly just texts. I think Interviewer: Ok. Sorry I just need to… turn an alarm off. So do you notice any patterns in your communication and the role, then, that your device plays in that? 5 �Interviewee: I mean, for someone that is as attached to my phone as I am you’d think I’d be a better responder but I’m not. Interviewer: Laughter. Interviewee: So a big pattern is that I’m not real often at responding to messages. Um… I don’t know a lot of my conversations are to my family or just out of necessity. So, like, it’s either some professional context (my boss, something for church, whatever, my job), um or its my family. And then, like, a couple of select friends that I text a lot. So that’s about it. And then phone calls same deal. It’s just my family, a few people I’m really close to, or anything that's absolutely necessary. So that’s about it. Interviewer: Um and how do you decide which mode of communication you choose to use over another when talking to different people? Interviewee: I mean… So, like, I have a Snapchat. I used to be really attached to it but I kind of dropped off it but I have it because there’s one very big group chat of my friends that’s still on Snapchat. So, like, in certain respects it just depends on what mode of communication starts first. We started using Snapchat first so we just… stayed there. Um… But everywhere else is just messages, mostly. It just- no matter who I’m talking to pretty much I’ll text them or call them. Interviewer: And um… What important interactions with people are not reflected in the information on your phone? Interviewee: Yeah I- I mentioned, like, that we go to these Sunday dinners and we hang out with this family a lot. And a lot of that is… In fact a couple weeks ago- we do this every year- we go to this, like, big cabin that’s in, up in north Georgia and spend, like, three days or so and there is no service in the cabin so that makes it a “no phone situation”. Interviewer: I see. Interviewee: And that’s a more hard and fast rule cause it wouldn’t even matter if you did bring your phone, there’s just nothing to do about that. Um we also go… we have a lot of, like, weird traditions. We go apple picking every year, that happens to be in the middle of a forest, so, same deal, no service. Um, or, like, just anything like that. So, um, a lot of the interactions we have with them are, like, in person basically. Um, like, hanging out with my friends, I just- we just don’t- it’s not recorded in my phone at least. I mean, I use my phone while it’s happening but you wouldn’t be able to tell from what you were doing. Um, that kind of thing. Interviewer: Ok. Um, so, I’m going to ask you a few questions about places and how they relate with your phone. Um, so I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of places you went during the month. So, for example, maybe that will be, um, records of places in your calendar, if you have, like, a mapping application such as Google Maps or Waze, um, location services on your phone, anything like that? 6 �Interviewee: Um so I do- I use just regular apple maps if I need to get somewhere, um, you wouldn’t really be able to tell where I’ve been because it’s almost all, like, places I’ve just looked up to see, like, how far away they are and that is almost entirely food so it’s like: Panera, Taco Bell, Starbucks, pizza, etc. Um, but, I don’t really go anywhere besides home and church and school so I guess, like, you know, like, I don’t know if you know like when you turn on maps it says like “marked loca-” or like “favorite location” or somewhere and it’s like home and then it takes- it can navigate me to my church- not that I need it, I know how to get there- and then school. So that, I mean I guess that’s about it. I- I do have location services on, I don’t know how to use it which is why I never turn it off, but, like, my family are all in- we’re what’s considered “friends" on an iPhone which basically means, like, if my dad’s at work I can basically track him and find out when he’s coming home or whatever. Um and they like to know where I am just to be sure that I’m safe, so that I guess is one of the bigger things but other than that not really any… any particular locations. Interviewer: Ok. Um, so do you use any- so you said that you used the maps to, like, navigate/ discover a location for food, um, do you know if you have any apps that, like, track your movement other than… Interviewee: I mean I hope not? Laughter. I don’t think I do. I wouldn’t even know what that would be though. I don’t know. Interviewer: Alright. And, um, do you have- have you noticed any patterns in, like, places you visit or movement from place to place? Interviewee: The pattern is I don’t like the dining hall. Interviewer: Laughter. Interviewee: So I leave campus as much as possible. Um, yeah. And, like, on Sundays my friends and I will leave after church and go to lunch so, like, that's a big part of our, like, interactions and so it’s usually like one of us googling- me cause I’m the fastest- googling like where we can go to eat or wherever has the shortest wait time, that kind of thing. Um, but I think that’s about it. That I know of at least. Interviewer: Ok. What um… How did you first learn to navigate to new places? Did you learn on your phone or did you learn in some other way? Interviewee: No… Um.. I have a pretty good sense of direction already so, like, a lot of places that I would go a lot, like we had this one friend’s house that, like, we were there all the time so I learned how to get there pretty quickly. I guess just by watching- I’m not big on street names or anything like that and then, my home town is so small so all the street names have, like, the same name or close to that. So the street names wouldn’t even matter that much if I knew them. So with that said, yeah normally I learned to navigate pretty easily even before my GPS came and then, like, once I started using my GPS a lot to go to places like, if I was going to a new job, or coming here, like, I would use my goo- my um… Interviewer: Google maps? 7 �Interviewee: Yeah, apple maps um to get wherever I was going but then I picked it up pretty quickly so then I would stop using it. So… I guess just by watching. Interviewer: Ok! Yeah. Fair. Laughter. And… are there any important places or navigational practices that are not reflected in your information that’s on your phone? Interviewee: Mmm… I don’t think so. All of the places that I, like, that I go to a lot or that are pretty important to me, like, come up as, like, favorite locations in my phone so you can pretty much tell where i go a lot just by- just by looking through my favorites. Um but so I think pretty much everything is, like, marked down I guess. Interviewer: Ok. Um so I am going to move on to medias, the last section. Um so I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of medias you’ve used during the past month. And for this section I’m interested in, like, any social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, games, um, or movies that you’ve listened to or watched or played. Um or that you yourself have created or many distributed. Um so… and based on what you see on your device what apps or programs do you use most to access or produce media? Interviewee: Um we already established that I’m on Tumblr a lot. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um… another big one I guess would be Instagram. I- my Instagram is like- it's the part of social media that I’m most involved with that people know about. So um it’s just like, you know, pictures of my friends and I any time something interesting happens and I’ll post about it but not, like, not on a day to day basis or anything like that. In fact I don’t think I’ve posted since the school years started. Oh well. Um… so that’s a big one. I watch YouTube a lot, just like, as entertainment for, or when I need a mental break from whatever I’m doing. I started binging a bunch of TV shows on, like, the shadiest websites online, um, so, you know, things like that. That’s about it I think. I have, like, I have Netflix, but I don’t know how to get it on my phone or TV- I mean I guess I can figure it out, but it’s just easier to stream whatever I want so that’s mostly what I do. Interviewer: Do you feel pressure to post on your Instagram? Interviewee: Yeah, not- I mean, once in a while I think, like, oh people are going to think I dropped off the face of the planet or whatever, but, like, I mean, everyone that I’m super close with I see a lot in person so I’m not super stressed out about it. And I’m not really big on Instagram I don’t have a lot of followers. Interviewer: So you were talking about how you started using digital technologies you said had the computer when you were, um… 8 �Interviewee: Right I had the computer when I was really young and then my phone later on. Some apps and things Im still king of trying to learn how to use. I’m not super- like- I just do what I need to do on them and so if there’s like a lot of other options I’m not usually looking into them because I just don’t care that much. But, I don’t know I think that’s about it. And then some things just, like, I feel like are just common sense. Interviewer: So you established that you, um, think- you consider yourself digitally literate. Was there a moment where you were, like, alright I’m- I’m here I made it. Right? Or Was there a process of learning to be digitally literate or was it just a product of your environment growing up? What… what are you thinking? Interviewee: Um, I think it was definitely a product of the way that I grew up especially being homeschooled, like, I had to become digitally literate very early because it was a lot of my exposure to the outside world, it was a lot of my education, it was a lot of my xyz. Um, I also think that there was, I don’t know, a period when I was, like, 8-11 maybe where I realized that my parents were referring to me and my brother more, like, in terms of, like technology questions, you know, instead of me having to ask them, “How do I turn the TV on or change the channel?” it became the other way around. So, I think that was one of the bigger markers. I also, in my church, I’m referencing this a lot I’m now realizing, in my church I-uh I used to be, I still am really, I used to be… like I worked in the technological department of our children’s ministry. So I was in charge of putting up sounds, lights, that kind of thing. And, um at a young age there happened to be not enough children to do it so they ended up pulling me into that program at a very early age so that was when I was, like, ten when I should have been eleven or twelve. Um so that kind of thing I learned to do that- to use those technologies very quickly, I had to, so that I think was another period I think when I started learning more about technology and just things that it could do. Interviewer: So correct me if I’m wrong but it seems like you feel like, in our words, you had to learn certain technologies because the adults around you were kind of relying on you to have learned them? Interviewee: Yeah. Exactly. I just- I don’t know. If I reference that I knew something they would just assume that I knew something else. Again, my habit was just to look it up and I just gained more knowledge through the cycle of just asking questions and answering the question. So I- because of the necessity of people around me, the church, in my family, wherever, even my friends, I just had to become digitally literate more earlier than most people I think. Interviewer: Do you think that process of having to just look it up or naturally just kind of looking it up change the way you learn now? Interviewee: Yeah I think so. We were talking about (are we allowed to reference our class?) Interviewer: Yeah Laughter Interviewee: We were talking about a certain kind of learning- and I can’t think of the name right nowbut it’s basically where you learn something like you’re okay with just surface learning or just the core- 9 �quickest answer. And because a lot of my digital questions were like, um, we had, like a deadline (I mean I had to learn tech in church early because they needed me, I had to learn how to change the channel because my parents wanted to watch TV) that kind of thing I just learned to look for the quickest answer. And so even now in my, like, researching and things like that I don’t find myself turning to, like, scholarly articles, or like, any deeper text as I just- I do Google Scholar or that kind of thing so I do think it’s had a profound possible negative effect on my learning but I- I get it done faster so there’s that. Interviewer: Yeah well you get it done faster so that seems to be kind of a… a theme I guess. How fast you can learn things. Interviewee: Exactly. Interviewer: Um, is there anything you’d like me to know? Is there anything I didn’t ask that you think I should have? Interviewee: I don’t think so Laughter Interviewer: Alright Interviewee: Awesome Interviewer: Thank you! Interviewee: No problem! 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Ana-Natalia Epstein Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Marie (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford, GA Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Florida, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity African American Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Nanny, Library Assistant Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 7 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Self-Described Digitally-Literate First-Year College Student Description An account of the resource Interview #3 - Post-1980 Birthdate This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Marie*, a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is from Georgia. The interviewer is Ana Natalia, a fellow classmate of Marie’s that attends the same university and is from Wellesley, Massachusetts. The purpose behind her interview is to understand the patterns of digital technology usage among peers who grew up in the emerging age of digital technology. Additionally, her goal for the interview was to practice engaged interview skills. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English African-American Apple college student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/95bca64498a12d7ba16f93a0599a0762.png 52f763eb498593775af2ecd7639e2345 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/4f9ca6309df5da91a233558b5950d95d.pdf 57a01491f66f1f3e0060b3e60eec5641 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Taiwanese-American College Student About Her Use of the Apple Watch Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #11 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction: This is an oral history interview with N, a Taiwanese-American female, currently studying at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of N. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so N drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Transcript: D: Hello, my name is D, and I'm going to your interviewer. Very nice to meet you! Okay, so in this interview, I'm going to ask you to give me a tour on your digital device---on the digital device that is significant to you---that you use it regularly. And as you mentioned before, you wanted to use your Apple Watch. N: Um, yeah. D: Um—if you don't mind, can I take a picture of your device? N: (Nod and show watch) D: (Take picture) Okay, thank you. Um, so tell me a little bit about this device. Why do you choose this device, really? N: �Um—so I chose this device because it's the device that I have with me most often. Because it's a watch, I have—I just put it on my arm. I don't really think about it. And I kind of just goes through the day. And I’m—oh, sorry, before having this though, I didn't really check my phone that often because I turned off all my notifications. Because I just don’t—I feel like it kind of— it’s kind of annoying. But then I also—it prevents me from being—but from like, being connected to my friends them— because I'm not able to use social media as often. But then having this watch is really helpful. Because the notification can just pop up, and then since it's on my arm, it kind of—it prompts me to kind of just check it naturally. So it's, yeah, I can reply to my friends faster now. So yeah. D: Really cool. Okay, so, uh, you tell me before that, you know, you do more thing, like with your watch. So I'm gonna ask you like, what Apple programs really, that you use your device for? N: Hmm. Um, I usually use the—the two devices—I mean the two apps that I use the most on my Apple Watch are the phone one just because—um— because it's hands-free. So I can be multitasking like doing something while also talking to my parents or my friends or something like that. And then the second device I use the most is—it’s like activities tracker. So it tracks all my steps like a pedometer would do. It tracks—like—my heartbeat rate, and it tracks how much exercise I'm getting. So that way, I can try to live a more healthy lifestyle. D: Wow, that's really cool! Yeah, so about the two that you mentioned before, which—which of those are the most important to you? N: Um—I think the most important is probably the activity tracker. Because that's kind of how I gauge whether or not I'm living a more healthy lifestyle every day. For example, during the summer when I was working, I didn't really exercise that much, so it will kind of reminds me reminders that I have to exercise. So that would really help keep me on track to make sure that I do everything I need to to be more healthy, I guess. Yeah and then also, because it's a watch, you know, I usually just check the time. It's really convenient compared to checking the time on my phone and stuff. Yeah. D: Well, that's very intuitive. Um—what are the pattern that you notice in your activities and roles of the places that your device play? N: Yeah. I got you. Oh, well, usually when the good thing about the watch the watch is like, you know, the screen that I have. So the screen, you can actually change different into different kinds of screens. But the reason I stick with the screen the most is because it has the activity tracker and the heartbeat checker on here. And it also has the weather, which is really nice, in case I want to look at it. Um, so the pattern that I notice is that every time I check my watch for the time, I also can just conveniently check how much I—I have been active today. So I guess that's �kind of the role that my device plays in the activities that I use. Because like, if I just if I go like this, then I can just automatically see my active the activities that I'm doing. Are they kind of out by us? I guess so. Okay. Does that make sense? D: Yeah. Okay. It's very cool. So what other important activities that your default device doesn't reflect upon? N: Um, most—I guess, the most important to learn, I know that my device doesn't reflect on social media and texting. So this one, I can—I can text from it, like, I can do messenger, Facebook Messenger, and those kinds of things. But I prefer not to unless it's very urgent because it's even it doesn't have a keyboard. It's either you speak into it, or you have to write it out. So that's one of the things I don't really do on my watch, and then also another thing with social media, I can't really check social media with this because it's too small. So that's another thing that it's not reflecting on my device. Yeah. D: Oh, really? Cool. So on to the next part, I'm going to ask you—I’m going to ask you about you know, how you interact with the people. Do you have any kind of interaction activity with people recorded on your devices? Like your text messages, your email, your social media interactions, or your video calls? And if you don't mind can you show me some of them? N: (Showing watch) Yeah, so I, um the most apps I use the most well this-this is kind of like the watch is connected to my phone. So all the texts messages I have, or the recent call that how they're all on my phone. So you can see here, so usually, I just call my parents. It's really—I mean, I don't really use my phone unless it's like calling my parents and then because my friends I usually just text them. But um, yeah, so the app that I used the most to communicate with other people is probably my phone on the Apple Watch. D: Thank you. We kind of like the opposite of each other. What other important interactions with people that are not reflected and in the information on your devices? N: Hmm. Um, well, like I said, before, social media text messages, I usually check on my phone. But other than that, I personally, I prefer face to face interaction over text messages—text messaging just because I think it's easier to get tone across. It's also like, when I'm talking to people I like having conversations with them, rather than sending a text and then getting a text back. And then it's kind of feel like it's kind of more authentic when it's face to face. So usually, the most important interactions I have are actually in person and not really on any devices. D: �Good! Good! So for the next section, I'm going to ask you about the places that your devices may interact with. Do you have any kind of navigational apps or any kind of mapping or your calendar on your—on your devices that you often used? N: Right. Um, well, for location, I don't really use the mouse on this-this watch because again, the screen is kind of small. Um, but it is linked to the Find My iPhone because my parents use my iPhone to track where I am, just to make sure I'm safe. You know, so I have that on my phone. I also have my watch, on my laptop so they can know like, where—where I am. Um, and then also, my phone has a feature where you can ping your phone to find it in case you lose it. So I use this for that too, because I lose my phone very easily. That’s—that’s also why I like chose to like my watch. Because like, it's it's always on me. It's it's harder to lose, I guess, compared to my phone. But yeah, and then and then. Sorry, it was all calendar Oh, for the calendar, I usually there's events that I sometimes I've planned events on my phone. And then because the phone and the watch are connected they send automatic notifications to my watch whenever the event is getting close by. So that's how I track events on my calendar. But usually I just use a planner like a physical planner just because it's easier for me to visualize. D: That's very cool! What patterns do you notice in places you visit and your movement from place to place to place? N: I noticed that I tend to stay in one place a lot. Um, for example, like if my parents—my parents usually see that I'm at Oxford college. So weekdays I'm usually I'm just at Oxford and then only on weekends, I really go out. That’s kind of how I was at home to like thing, we didn't really go anywhere. So my location, it's just—it just stays in one place. And then on weekdays they know I go like usually like Atlanta, and then it goes back. I don't know. Is that like a pattern does not going to answer the question? D: Yeah, of course! You know, you mostly, you know, focus on your study during weekdays. N: Yeah, but like, I noticed that the place I go the most is the library. Yeah, yeah. So there's that. But yeah, I don't really record like, I'm kind of like you like, I don't really besides Find My iPhone. I don't allow any other things to track my phone. I'm only—only thing is like Google Maps. But for that one. I usually I—I put it on while using app like, track my location while using app so when I'm not using the out. I don't allow it to. Kind of like I'm paranoid of—like the people tracking stuff. Yeah, so. D: It's very normal, actually. Yeah. So how do you first learn to navigate to new locations? Do you use that device or use something else? �N: Hmm. I usually memorize landmarks, at back home. I so—I’ll just wherever my parents are driving, I kind of just look. Oh, I see. This is CVS. And then this is. So when I talk about going somewhere. I imagine what is around that place. And then from there, I kind of discern where I'm supposed to go from a certain part. But it's very bad way. Like after starting to drive, I realized it's much easier to just learn street names, because that's when— when driving, like driving is a lot different than like walking somewhere, I guess. But yeah, like, it's easier to memorize street names. So I'm learning to navigate new locations. I guess first I learned by like, seeing visualizing locations, kind of seeing—seeing visually seeing where each places in.Yeah. D: That’s very cool! You have—you have much better application of skills. N: And I still—I still need help discerning like north, east, south west, so it's really hard. D: I think that is where navigational apps came in handy. N: Yeah, definitely! D: So, um what important places or navigational practices are not reflected in information on your device? N: Um, I think like I said before, probably just how I learned to navigate—yeah. Like, also, when I go to amusement parks and stuff, the way I usually navigate is—I just look at the map, and then I look at the pictures, and then I just see which picture matches up with which are building so yeah. D: Yeah, okay. In this section, that it would be a little bit more fun, I guess. Because talking about—start to talk about social media in general. Like, what do you usually do on your devices like social media posts, texts, videos, music, maybe shows, and so on, so forth. So could you name some programs that you able to accessed using your devices? N: Um, for my Apple Watch, I usually used the music app, because I'm sometimes—I have. So I use—I use these kind of earbuds. So they're wireless. So because they're wireless, sometimes I just have my earbuds and I don't really have my phone with me because I tried to keep my phone as far away as possible when I'm doing work, just so I don't get distracted easily. So my watch is also connected to the music app. So if I do want to skip a song, or change the volume of it, I usually just use the watch to skip or that kind of thing. So that was I say, that's the most media centered app I use on my boy, I also it's also connected to text messages. So sometimes, �occasionally, if I don't have my phone with me, I'll just answer the text message really quickly on my watch, too, because it's easier that way. So yeah, those are the two that I used the most. D: I didn't know that the Apple Watch has that kind of feature as well. Yeah, really cool! So can you give me some examples of the media that you’ve produced or altered in some way? N: Um, well, on my Apple Watch, I can’t really produce or alter any media, so I guess the only thing is altering to like—if I defined skipping music as altering— I guess it could be like that. But usually I create media on my—my laptop, like I make videos and stuff, but it's mostly on my laptop. Yeah. D: That's good! What pattern do you noticed in your media used? N: Um, I noticed that I don't really use media, unless I'm aware of it. So I'm not—and I'm usually not aware of it unless there's like, a notification that pops up or something like that. Yeah. D: Yeah! Tell me about your strategy for storing your media. N: Hmm. Well, I used Spotify for music the most, so Spotify is like— it's more—it’s connected to the internet. So it's not necessarily stored on any of my devices. It's just I go to the app, and then the app has all the music on it. D: Yes. And what are some ways that you share your media with others? N: Hmm… D: Do you—were you able to share any types of things? N: Um, not really—no, I guess the only thing is really text messages, If I don't have my phone with me, um… which is kind of often, I guess. Because I have the watch, it really does everything a phone does. Sometimes I'll just show—sh—show someone a text message I have, just like on the watch was just really easily. So I guess that's how I share with others. Um…just visually, I guess. And then also in terms of social media, I use mostly just like Instagram, Snapchat, and then I don't really post, but I just—if there something that comes up occasionally. Oh, yeah— D: �But are those Instagrams— N: Oh, no, they're not on my watch. Yeah, yeah. D: But are they like—connected? Like a notification connected? N: No, I didn't connect it. Because that one is too much. The only thing that's connected is like text messages. D: Oh okay, thank you for clarifying! N: Hmm. D: What other—ah—tell me about any strategies you have—you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? N: Hmm. So for—the phone, oh, well, the watch and the phone, they both have something on a TMobile, which is my carrier. They have a thing where they try to block out messages, I mean, try to block callers that are spam call—they might think are spam callers. So that's one way I can protect my privacy with like text messages and also phone usage. And then in terms of social media, my Instagram is on private, so I don't like yeah, and then my Facebook is like, also kind of, it's like, there's like a setting where you if you're not—if you're not friends with someone, you see less things about them so that I have that too. And then also on my Snapchats—Snapchat is just—it’s a really private in general is just because you only have a username, and then you have to know that person's username in order to have their Snapchat so yeah, so it's like—I guess those are the stories. D: What important media that are not reflected in the information on your devices? For example, you may read newspapers or magazines, listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies or play video games or you may not be involved in or you may be involved in creating such media. N: Hmm. I’m—the most important media that are not reflected in my—in information on my device is I have a YouTube channel and I create videos. So that's the most important media I guess. I don't really—it’s not—It’s not like really good. It's just for fun because I'm not that great. I'm �making videos—it’s just like something I yeah, something I do for fun. It's really—it’s really— it’s like distressing, I guess. Also the video I made is like on trips that I went to in the past. So it's really nice going back to my YouTube channel and just want rewatching them for that feeling of nostalgia. And then I don’t—ah—ah—I guess—ah also. Yeah, so that would be the question media portion. And then um…some— when I go to the supermarket, (laughter) I usually get a magazine and then I read it while I'm at the supermarket. And afterwards, I returned the magazine (laughter). So that’s—so that’s—it's not really important, I guess. But it’s—it's a way for me to stay connected with the news, I guess. The latest gossip that's going around (laughter) yeah, that kind of stuff. D: Yeah, I’m completely understand that. N: Yeah. D: I found that you using YouTube to create something is really cool. And of course, you could only do it on a computer or some bigger—um—devices. N: Yeah. Yeah. D: Um, so this section is about you, and how you learn—using digital technology. And so the big question is how did you—how did you start using the digital technology? How has your relationship with it changed over time? N: Sorry. Okay. Okay. Um—so I started using digital technology when I was around five. So I that was 13 years ago. ( Checking my recording) Oh, is this it still on? D: Yeah. N: Okay, cool. Cool. Um, yeah—so that's how I really got into digital technologies before it was really just a source of entertainment. But it's really grown to become ver— like, not just entertainment—a tool I'm able to use to, firstly, mostly connect with people and do social media. And then secondly—um—kind of, it's a way to—for me to just de-stress like, by making videos or listening to music, that kind of thing. Um, so—but so, yeah, it's really grown. And I think that’s—so that's kind of how my relationship with that has changed over time. And I saw the— the way I started. Oh, yeah, so—so I had a Gameboy—a advanced Gameboy. And then, so yeah—so my first interactions with digital technology was mostly media, I mean, was mostly entertainment. Sorry. So like, learning the controls. That was really helpful, because I noticed a lot of video games I played after the Game Boy, have the same controls like, up, down—side, �left, right, and then jumping. There's always one button for jumping one button for running or attacking or something like that. And so—um—my skills for u—for playing on the game were really helped transition for like Wii or DS or that kind of thing. Um, but in terms of digital technology, such as phones, I didn't get my first phone until I was about 13, which is like, sixth grade-ish, seventh grade. Um… and so that was—that wasn't that big of a shock, actually, because I feel like as a young kid, I just played with my parents’ phone (laughter). D: Yeah (laughter). N: Through that I was really able to develop the skills for using social media is helpful and the kind of things.Yeah. D: Um—um the activities you have just described so far, which were the most complex to you—for you to learn? N: Mmm hmm…(thinking) Well, on my Apple Watch, I say the most complex to learn is texting. Because—um—even when I have my ph—even before I had my Apple watch—I—the, you know, the iPhone, it has the Siri function, but I didn't really use that just because I didn't really feel comfortable (laughter) using it. D: Yeah. N: I don't know—I—just because I know that sometimes Siri hears things wrong. So for me, like the text me—using text messages on my phone that was the most—I mean, on my watch. Sorry, that was the most complex thing to learn. And I think what made it the most complex was probably because the screen was so small. So the only options you really have are to say it, and then they'll send it to for you. And then sometimes they hear it wrong which is kind of hard, so I had to speak really clearly for that. And then also you can write it down, which is, but that's like letter by letter. So, um, what makes it so complex I guess. It's just that—it’s inconvenient to use my watch, but it's, it's kind of contradicting for me to say that it's inconvenient, but it's also convenient (laughter) because it's inconvenient—because of the way the text you have the way you have to send text messages. But it's convenient for looking at text messages. So yeah… D: Yeah. Yeah. Of course. Um—oh, what context do you used your device for: informational, personal academics or civic and public use? N: �Um, it's mostly personally use just answering text messages, whether it's for myself, friends, or from my family. Yeah. D: Um, can you tell me about when and how you learn to complete these complex activities? N: Mm hmm. Um, well, for—(coughing) for the I went—for the wa—watch—Apple Watch. I—I think I learned how to complete them in when I first got it. Because when I first got I was really excited, so I just explored all the different apps that they had, and then how I can use each app. And how I learned to complete these complex activities was my parents—they wanted me to test it out, so they just sent me a text message, and then I would have to try to send it back to them. And then I just use—um, well, yeah, so like, because I wasn't used to using Siri. At first I kind of spoke just like words, and then—but then sometimes they're wrong, so I had to redo them. And then gradually, I guess through trial and error, I would—I learned what was the best way to get—ah—to—to write—have the right words I wanted texted back to my friend. D: Yes. Yeah, of course. Um…so can you tell me about any activity you wish you knew how to complete with your devices? N: Hmm. Um, I think the one—one thing I knew—I wish I knew how to complete was the—the app it has a—it has—a—it has a… It's a (searching on Apple Watch) oh, here. It's called the workout app. D: Oh! N: So it—like—it helps you work out. So it's like a personal trainer. But like a watch personal trainer. D: Ah-hmm. N: So there's like a bunch of different things that you can do with it, and then they'll just track like, how well you do it, and then also—like—how many calories you burn and um, yeah, I wish I knew how to use it. Or I wish—I yeah. I wish I knew how to use it because I feel like it'd be very helpful for me for exercising. D: Why will you not know—do you— N: �—Oh, I just— D: —not able to use it before or it’s just…(gesturing) N: I don't know. I feel like—um—well for my workouts where usually—I just did Dragon Boat workouts because I'm in Dragon Boat. And then so I just did whatever the coach told me to do. D: Ah-huh. N: So that he was kind of like my personal trainer (laughter), I guessed. Not personal like, group trainer, I guess. But then now that season ended. I feel like I don't really know how to actively pursue (pondering)— D: —the correct type of exercise. N: Yeah, so that's why I don't really use it. But it is one of the apps that I would like to use more often because I feel like definitely help keep track of how well I'm doing with my exercises. Yeah. D: Yeah. Of course! Okay, so what what are you really missing in order to learn how to complete it—did I just asked you? N: Oh, no, no, I think no—this is a good question. Um, mostly just—just motivation—motivation to work out. Yeah (laughter). D: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? Can you tell me about how you gauging that? N: Hmm. Um…I think that I do have the digital skills to operate efficiently or effectively. Sorry, because I am—I kind of grew up with digital technologies. So I know the basic stuff that is necessary to—to—to work in a—because like to work like using Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, those kinds of things and email to reply to people. So in terms of the professional context, I think that I am competent—I hope—I hope that I am competent enough. Umm, sorry…(my phone rang) D: No, no. It’s fine. �[Interruption. A phone call] D: Sent a message to me—to her real quick. Okay, sorry, let's just go on. I'm sorry. N: No, you're good. You're good (paused for a while). D: Umm…so…(waiting) N: Oh, sorry. What are you gonna say? D: I was going to ask you like—can you continue what you're saying before— N: —oh, no, no, you're good. Um, yeah, I think I'm done. Like, yeah, I know—I—I hope—I hope so yeah, I'm hope—I hope I'm competent enough to use—I can definitely—ah—basic like in terms of what people usually need for professional workplace. I think I know, like, I just need to be taught the more specific things that the work might specialize in. D: Yeah. Yes, of course! So in your personal context, you feel like you do—you feel like you have enough knowledge about it? N: Um, yeah. I think I—I—you—I have enough skills to use the things that I need to use in my personal life. Yeah. D: How about your academic life? N: Um, I think so. Because academically, we usually only use—at least in the classes I'm in right now, we use like canvas and we use email. And that's it, for the most part. And I think that those sites are pretty straightforward. So it's been pretty easy to use so on so forth. D: So how about in a civic and or public context? N: Um, I— I'm not sure. I think I think that—because—because like the public might know, they have—they might have different kinds of expectations for what digital—what digital skills are �required, or, like, required or a necessity for people to have. I don't feel like I am that digitally skill to operate effectively in a public context. D: Yeah. It is understandable. How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? What is your criteria or that person? N: Yeah. yeah. I think for someone to be digitally literate, they just have to—um—well, when I think of the term literate, I just think of someone who knows how to read a book and being able to read a book. I feel like it's very basic. So being digitally literate, I feel like it's just knowing the basics of how to use the digital technology. Um, well, but in terms of, you know, using advanced technology, I feel like that's different. Just like, how it's different for—like—how it's different being literate compared to knowing how to read and analyze like, a very advanced book. D: Yes, of course. Um, what do you consider yourself digitally literate? If so, how did you learn to be digitally literate? N: Hmm. Yeah, I think based on like, the definition, I just gave, like, very basic digital stuff I'm able to do and I think—I think it just came with a society I grew up in—I grew up in America, so I kind of as, like a first world country, you kind of have to keep up with everything, or else you're kind of you’re—you're behind because everyone else is always, you know, buying the newest technologies, that kind of thing. And so growing up here, it's easy to get caught up in kind of, or like, learn about technology. D: Yes. Mm hmm. Any other additional information that you would like to share with me? N: Oh, no, I think that's good. Yeah. D: Thank you for your time (laughter). Yeah, definitely (handshake and laughter). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed N (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 13 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born California, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Taiwanese-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Mandarin Chinese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 13 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since birth Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Apple Watch Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple Watch Series 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Taiwanese-American College Student About Her Use of the Apple Watch Description An account of the resource Interview #11 - Post-1980 Birthdate This is an oral history interview with N, a Taiwanese-American female, currently studying at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of N. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so N drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Apple Watch college student Taiwanese-American