1 10 31 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/15a4d6ff52a4394e93d66e8b376e6a23.jpg 347a41f4809e200666649843f3f37000 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/9814bd9ca422f297132f4d94bfdfe382.jpg eb2aa79b87564a0d3f844137033e7276 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/d93dbf11738a75b05f0462791bc23cf7.pdf 2259c455add000351da94c4586a27223 PDF Text Text “Not Only Are My Devices What They Are When They Were Given to Me, But Now They’re Like What I Want Them to Be” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #13 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 24, 2018 Introduction The following pages consist of an oral history interview between the interviewer, Megan Yang (denoted MY), and her subject, Kyle Scar* (denoted KS). This interview was conducted on Monday, September 24th, 2018 around 11:30am in study room 207 of the Oxford College Library. Kyle Scar is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was originally born in Germany, but has most recently lived in Newport, Massachusetts. He first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 5, personally owned one at age 8, and is now able to code in Swift (Xcode) – a programming language. For this interview, Kyle chose to talk about the general family of Apple products (e.g. MacBook, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch). Megan Yang is also an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in the same generation as herself in order to grasp a bigger picture understanding of “digital natives” and digital literacies. _____________________________________________________________________________________ MY: Hi Kyle*, how are you doing on this fine Georgia foggy day? KS: Good. How are you? It's foggy? MY: Yeah, I thought I saw some clouds outside. KS: Oh I thought it was pretty sunny MY: In this interview I will ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use frequently, like your phone, laptop, gaming system, or other device. If the device enables it, I would like to you review a record of your activities from the past month, such as note entries, phone calls, texts, emails, websites, and social media interactions. And talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the way you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on, or you can decide when to share an example by showing me something on the device. You should only sharae an example when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share anything illegal or any information that would compromise the privacy of another �person and please don’t mention names of other people. When referring to other people, please use their role rather than actual name. For example, coworker/family member/friend. KS: So you want the tea, got it chuckle MY: Before we begin, do you have any questions? (KS: Shakes head no) Do you mind if I take a picture of your devices? (KS: No) KS: Oh, wait, was I supposed to bring all the stuff I was going to talk about? (MY: I think it's better to just focus on one, just reference the others in your responses) MY: Just use the phone (KS: Sure why not, so there’s more substance to this) I’m gonna include the Apple logo [in my picture] (KS: Oh my gosh! That's so extra) MY: Tell me about why you chose these devices. KS: It’s only because I use them currently; I used to use PC and you know like flip phones but obviously those old devices [are] not suitable for society nowadays So I switch to these guys they're more interconnected with other people MY: So why do you think the things in the past are incompatible with today’s society? KS: Through our advancements in technology we have...our methods of communication are dependent on basically a higher standard of digital technology...so like a couple years ago when I had my “flip phone” it was like you have to click, you know, whatever number this many amount of times, type in a letter and whatever, you couldn’t access the web or any of that, so now you have a smartphone that can do all of that you can text easier with a keyboard you can access Facebook email basically all that people use nowadays to communicate so like we were talking earlier about the Goldman Sachs person coming in and I had no idea because I don't check Facebook if I had my older phone it barely be a possibility, because I would need a laptop or desktop to open Facebook and check it. But now I can just do it on my phone communication devices are almost required if you hadn't told me about that, then like, I would never know MY: I relate to this talk about the flip phone cuz I had a pink Motorola and it was like “uhhhh this is so hard” KS: It cost money to text, unlimited plans were not heard of...with a laptop the only reason I use a MacBook is because the Apple company is like a freaking genius they basically pull you in and make you unable to use any other devices; with my MacBook I can sync up to my phone, Apple Watch, iPad and all your devices are connected. It's all about connecting MY: That's an interesting angle I didn't think about that before. Okay so that was the introduction, now we're going to move into the specific parts. I want you to talk to me about the activities you do on your phone. Do you have any apps or programs that you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? �KS: Yes, as of recently I use Microsoft Outlook, which is what Emory provides us. I use emails for communications, calendar for, you know, calendar chuckle and yeah that's to keep track of my stuff. I also use the text messaging app because I yell at my friends to remind me to do things and they either call or text me so I guess that's also a way of keeping track of things; or I text myself which you could not have done with a flip phone. MY: So based on what you do on your device and what you see on your apps what are your main activities and of those, which are most significant to you personally? KS: Well...um, I'm going to actually check what activities I do chuckle chuckle I don’t go on Snapchat at all, which is so weird. I think I probably use YouTube the most MY: I didn’t actually start using YouTube until quite recently. Now I just watch a bunch of videos and comment like everywhere. Before I didn't even use it at all, I felt that when I was in middle school everybody else around me was really active on listening to music, watching TV shows, and I didn’t know any of this stuff. KS: Just kidding, it's Messenger and Messages which I think will be the same on my laptop unless you count Google Chrome as an app. You text people, you do your homework with Microsoft Word or any Word Processor and so for the phone with the interconnectedness them I use it for connecting with people my social media apps are definitely on the top MY: Yeah same KS: For my laptop I would say like I would use it for mostly school and other personal endeavors *hahaha* So I basically just use Google Chrome and essentially for school stuff, it’s either to write an essay or search up pictures of cute dogs...I don't like dogs...bunnies MY: Baby animals are so cute all the time KS: Oh and Pokemon, you know how I sent those to the chat? MY: Yeah. What patterns do you notice and what you do on your devices and the role your device plays in them? KS: So [on] my phone, I actually have an app that tracks exactly what I do for exactly how much time. I spend a good portion of my time on the lock screen and home screen just staring at it, because I forgot what I needed to do. So I just kind of...that's what I do generally. I open my phone, “ooh it’s turned on”, “let me just unlock it”, but I have nothing to do and then I close it again. MY: Can I check out the app you're talking about? I feel like I should get it too. KS: I’ve been using it for awhile. �MY: Do you create your own categories or does it create categories for you? KS: It does like apps and stuff, I forgot how to do it, but basically this is over the course of August 21 (one day). So I picked up my phone 34 times, screen time is 3 hours and 32 minutes, so each time I picked up here and picked up picked up… MY: Exact times...woah technology! KS: I know right? Interconnectedness. (MY: Oh my gosh, right!) and then um I have a coach which helps you stop using your phone. Specifics somewhere, which tells you like you spent an hour on screen, two minutes in a messaging app. (MY: What’s [the app] called?) Moment. (MY: I’m gonna download that later, like for real) KS: Wait are you international? MY: Well I’m a domestic student, kind of ish. (KS: So you have an adapter) I lived in China for 12 years (KS: I didn't know that) MY: What important activities are not reflected in your digital devices? KS: I guess honestly nothing. I think if you were able to take my devices you will be able to find literally everything that I do, you know you can infer it from certain activities that you do. For example like if I text someone to meet up at Lil's then you'll know for the next 30 minutes when I’m not on my phone I'll be eating with friends. And then like... And then if there's just like a few hours at night when I'm not on my phone I'm sleeping. It's like I think that device literally if you spend enough time you can figure out exactly what I do ever since I got it. MY: It’s all about intuition (KS: But also like technology) MY: So this next section I'm going to ask you about the people you interact with through your devices. So are there any apps or programs you use to communicate people? KS: So my laptop and my phone are both synced up with my Apple Watch I have no battery, oh I love that. (MY: What a first world problem!) Do you mind if I borrow your charger? (MY: That's completely fine.) Interconnection. Exactly. We can all use each other's things because we have the same device but Apple freaking changes the USB jack every single day and they just came out with three new iPhones XS, XR, XS plus or something. KS: Like everything is interconnected in my reminders, which I’m totally putting off (MY: Yeah I have those too) It's so nice your life is basically streamlined like if I go to messages off right I'm texting someone... “I’m in an interview demonstration please ignore”. On my computer it'll show the time on my messages on my phone. And so like once I go off it disappears from my laptop. I just kind of use that app so I just kind of have to duplicate apps on both of them to sync what's going on. please Outlook messenger and whatever forms are online that I happen to be using canvas and any music apps share �playlist use Spotify I use apple music. I’m just constantly sharing data with people. Especially because in my messages app I can share my location with people (MY: GPS!) Tell me about it MY: What patterns do you notice in your communications with others using your devices? KS: One of the patterns I noticed is that I never communicate. You'll notice that you can see that I have a lot of messages. I don't read the messages...I don't bother to check messages because it doesn't go into my head. Like it's just like I don't understand the necessary need to be constantly texting. (MY: Yeah, yeah) I'm going to do it like...I will only text so that I can see the person in-person. MY: Yeah I don't want to text either I just like to read all my notifications, so you’ll see on my phone that I have no red bubbles on my apps KS: I hate the red bubble so much...it makes it feel like something's hanging over my head. I don't know what these messages are you know…(MY: They could be junk messages for all we know) or my mom is in the hospital, you never know. It kind of bothers me a lot but also… MY: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? Do you use particular modes of communication for certain situations or people? KS: I prefer to use call, only because I'm a musician I guess and I'm like I used to be into music quite a lot and I was born where there was a lot of music. I'm like halfway dependent on the same with my ears (MY: So, audio input) like my audio input like the sounds gets stuck in a chronological loop of my head. But I don’t understand really like language you know, like if you say “Hi, my name is Megan” it'll take me awhile to understand that because I don't understand words...like the words don't make sense to me but because of my musical background I'm more heavily dependent on tone, so it’s much harder for me to communicate over text. I mean text isn’t that bad because I’m reading it and not hearing it, but if someone were to give me a monotone voice, like not Siri but you know like a text-to-speech kind of thing and is kind of just like reading to me, I have so much trouble understanding those types of things. I cannot communicate with someone who speaks like that. (MY: Like reading these questions on a piece of paper....) That's why in classrooms I have so much trouble understanding when teachers read questions off of a paper, because your voice goes monotone and it's hard for me to understand. I prefer to talk over phone, but if it's a super short thing I'll text. Otherwise I'll be like stop texting me because I don't want to talk to you! MY: What important actions with people are not reflected in your device? KS: Well...sexual relations. Especially if it's like not an ongoing relationship, but stuff like a one-night stand usually happens out of the blue. Any strangers I meet, like I never get like a missed connection kind of deal. Those connections you don't follow up and I guess like...no my teachers are on my phone. (MY: I don't know, I didn't think of it that way) It’s the people that are unimportant just never make it to the phone, which I guess makes sense. MY: Now that we're done talking about people let's talk about places. So now look through your device and see what records you have of the places you have visited during the past month. You can have Google �Maps, Location Services or like Foursquare. (MY: I don't use Foursquare) I have no idea what Foursquare is. MY: So what apps or programs if any, do you have of place recording? KS: So I have messages which tells me that place is just because you know where we talk about plans (MY: Exactly) I have my Snapchat, right, which has the filter and I save it. Instagram saves my location whenever I post and I have Photos which saves your location as well. And I have I guess just whatever app is using my location services right now. MY: With these location tracking services, how did you decide which ones can use your location and which ones don’t? KS: Oh I think it's basically more of like a biased intuition...um…if in the past some unfortunate thing has happened either to me or someone I’ve heard of, um, based on one app or whatever, I probably won’t let them read my location. Generally I don't really care where people know where I am, I mean like I have nothing to hide, you know. (MY: We’re all good kids here) Like I'm not going to cheat on anyone chuckle MY: Do you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations, or check into places like maybe you're trying to find something find a restaurant nearby? KS: I just have Google Maps, Waze, my laptop, and Find My iPhone because I lose my phone all the time. That's about it, oh, Outlook can tell me where I go. My messages also help me discover new places because that’s where I plan things. Messages basically controls my entire life. MY: Sounds like that; there's like 2000 red bubbles on top. So what patterns do you notice in the places you visit? KS: They're very introverted places, I guess, because I'm an introvert. They’re usually pretty introverted, like the library, a nice restaurant, like some low-key amusement park or something where I don't have to directly deal with a lot of people. You know it's fine...I mean it's not that okay, but it's kind of fine if are people just around me and I don’t have to interact with a lot of them at once. But places like a club, that would not be somewhere that would be reflected on my phone because there’s too many people, too many noises. Concerts, clubs, you know… (MY: I go to concerts but no clubs) MY: How did you first learn to navigate locations using these apps or traditionally using a physical map or landmarks? KS: Oh, so this is interesting! I did use a physical map at one point, and I did not have Google Maps on my phone at one point. I remember the first time I got an Apple device, I could write anything with the touch screen, anything with those capabilities. Because I was so young it was so much more intuitive than I had imagined it to be. I guess not because I was young, but because I was exposed before because I was kinda late in the whole device-getting thing; everyone had iPads and when I got one I was just like I know how to use it! The first time using Maps I had no clue what the frick was going on, right? Like there is a �bubble in the middle and I was like that must be me. It reminded me of when you go to the mall and you see the ‘you are here’ sign and nobody tells you that the dot is you. It's kind of like...I'm going to assume that's me because you walk around and the blue follows. I don't know I'm just kind of like....All apps have like the same kind of layout. Menu, drop-down, search button, and all that stuff; so once I got used to one app all my apps kind of kind of came with me. Google Maps was one of the later ones, so all I had to figure out was ‘I’m that blue dot’. MY: Alright so now we’re gonna talk about media. Like that’s so important. chuckle chuckle So what records do you have of the media you used in the last month? We’re interested in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games, that you have watched, listened to, played, or that you yourself have created or distributed. These could be social media entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. You might have records, browser history, Google searches, Netflix, YouTube, social media. KS: Okay let's go to my history. MY: Okay, so based on what you see on your device, what apps or programs do you use most frequently to access or produce social media? And then what types of media do you create? KS: For the social apps, I use Messages, phone calling, FaceTime, Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, and Facebook Messenger app as well as Outlook and Canvas. Those are my most used ones. MY: Do you create media like music with GarageBand? KS: I never got to the GarageBand phase...I usually just wrote the songs on a sheet of paper, on sheet music. Yeah I guess I create media...you'll see my search history, I was looking at pictures of Pokemon like Ninetales, Deoxys, and Milotic and it was more Sarah* because I have no idea what the names of these Pokemon were. I took a picture of them with my phone on my laptop, you know. I created a little meme chuckle chuckle Yeah like I produce media all the time because everytime I type something, every time I take a picture of something, every time I meme-ify something. MY: Yeah, memes are basically the backbone of culture these days. (KS: For real though) They’re the way we transmit culture. [interviewee took a bathroom break, transcript continued...] MY: So we’re restarting the recording because Kyle* took a bathroom break. Ok, so for the media questions, I was looking through and I don't think we need to ask all of them. Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy in regards to your media usage. KS: I mean I just don't share what I don't want to share. Generally I have no privacy. MY: I think there's a future in Snapchat called ‘my eyes only’ that you know you can like set a password and put stuff there that I guess isn’t for public eyes. I forgot my password so I can't go back anymore. I'm �so sad and I remember it was my last phone password, but I don't remember my last phone password because I got a new phone. KS: There’s a similar thing where it can lock access to one of your apps. If someone goes on one of your apps in your phone and they’re trying to get into the Messages app. The settings allow you to require a password before getting in. I did that for a couple of my apps. We need a password manager thing; those things are so sketchy because once you know one password, it leads to all of your passwords, you know what I mean? (MY: Like one key) MY: What important media information are not reflected in your device? You might read newspapers, magazines, listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies, play video games. KS: I guess like going to the movies. But that's still something that I plan on my device so I guess I mean that's still doesn’t count. I don't think anything is not reflected. (MY: We're basically controlled by technology now, is that what you're saying?) chuckle chuckle MY: Of the apps and programs you told me about, are any of them especially significant for you? KS: I guess just Messages, yeah. (MY: Because you use it the most frequently, yeah) MY: Now we're going to move on to the digital literacy questions, which is basically how you know how to use technology and like how do you see yourself as proficient in doing technology-related things. How did you start using digital technology, and how has your relationship with it changed over time? KS: Okay, so I got a Mac and a phone after using PC devices and Android-based whatever (not really) just the regular flip phone stuff. It was just like multiple, like learning points. One when I first got my iPad, so I had to learn general iOS and that took a while, but then I got my iPhone right? And then because there are differences between iPads and iPhones obviously, to have so many more features on the phone. And then I also had to get used to everything since they’re all on the cloud server and then I got my Mac, Apple Watch and they all start connecting everywhere and I was like, oh my gosh, do I need all of these devices? They're busy doing the same thing and also interconnected. This past year, I learned how to code in Swift programming; so now it's like not only are my devices what they are when they were given to me, but now they’re like what I want them to be. You know if I want, I can change whatever feature I want. I can just going into the code, like, and figure out what's going on. I used my knowledge. Took a lot of time, but I figured it out (MY: Coding is scary). Now my devices are my child, I can mold [them] into whatever I want. MY: You used to consume technology, now you help create it. MY: Of the activities you’ve described so far, which is the most complicated to learn and what makes them so complex? �KS: I think programming because it’s the heart of the device. Literally, if you learn programming, that’s you learning everything there is to learn about the device. So in a way, you can’t get any harder than that. (MY: Yeah, yeah). MY: What contexts do you use coding for? KS: Giving myself things I don’t deserve (MY: Yeah, totally wouldn’t want to do that) MY: We have to write a transcript. KS: You have to type all of this up? Shizz...I should’ve made my answers shorter, I’m sorry. (MY: That’s okay, you still have a few more chances to give shorter answers) MY: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you could complete with your device, and why? KS: Like some capability my device already has, or if I could add something to my device? (MY: Like whatever you think that question means) KS: It would be great if the devices had movies in 4d, but not actual 4d because that would be insane, but like movie 4d, you know, like senses; touch, feel, smell, taste. Like if I could lick my device if someone sent me a lollipop, like that would be kinda great. (MY: Maybe in 20 years or something) but I also don’t want to smell a fart. If someone sent me a fart, I’d be like what? (MY: So that’s more like we need technology to advance even more) MY: Do you feel you have the digital skills you need to operate effectively in a professional context? KS: Oh yeah, definitely, because I worked at a, uh, startup company this past summer as a financial manager. Like I didn’t use a Mac, but I definitely used what I learned from using Apple devices and pushed it onto the other devices, yeah. (MY: Mhmm) MY: Could you tell me how you’re gauging that, measuring that, kinda like how do you know? KS: Just because I’ve done it. MY: How about in an academic context? KS: Yeah, because I’m surviving currently. (MY: We’re pulling through) MY: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? KS: Someone who can use the device to find out how to use the device, I think, is digitally literate. MY: Wow, that’s nice. I’m gonna talk about that in our class discussions because that’s super interesting. Would you consider yourself digitally literate? �KS: Oh, yeah. MY: How did you learn to be digitally literate? KS: Trial and error, and/or someone taught me. MY: Is there anything else you would like me to know? Something that I didn’t ask that I should’ve asked? (KS: I think you’re good). MY: Yay!! Thank you so much. This definitely yielded a bunch of great insights! *Disclaimer: Names changed for confidentiality reasons. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Megan Yang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Kyle Scar (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Newton, MA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Freiberg, Germany Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American, Chinese, German Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, some Chinese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 14 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 11 years Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity Swift (Xcode) Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Personal network of Apple devices Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Macbook Pro, iPhone 5s, iPhone 6s, iPad 3, Apple Watch 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Not Only Are My Devices What They Are When They Were Given to Me, But Now They’re Like What I Want Them to Be Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 23, 2018 Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #13 - Post-1980 Birthdate Kyle Scar is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was originally born in Germany, but has most recently lived in Newport, Massachusetts. He first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 5, personally owned one at age 8, and is now able to code in Swift (Xcode) – a programming language. For this interview, Kyle chose to talk about the general family of Apple products (e.g. MacBook, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch). Megan Yang is also an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in the same generation as herself in order to grasp a bigger picture understanding of “digital natives” and digital literacies. Apple Asian-American college student https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/4d314499d8371a22cea61f7bdef26cc3.jpg a6ed68affabb9ecd9c85ac69686f7e07 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/1775fe1b179c5b881913efbab8de2177.pdf 450ad8c49391ea310873a368b996f463 PDF Text Text 1 Interview with the Men’s Head Basketball Coach About His Digital Experiences Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #14 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 13, 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Steph Williams1 who is the Head Coach of the Oxford College Men’s Basketball team conducted by Osasere Collette. The coach is an African American male who is also a native to Georgia and born within the five year range of 1966-1970. Osasere Collette is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American, mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ, and born in the range of 2000-2005. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born in two different five-year ranges. Transcript OC: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely for example, your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, a co-worker or a family member. Before we begin, do you have any questions? 1 Following the protocol established with my Institutional Review Board, participant names are pseudonyms to preserve confidentiality. �2 HC: No. OC: Tell me about why you chose this device. HC: Well I use my desktop computer in my everyday work activities...um...had this computer for a long time...um... also I have two screens because of the amount of information that I am using....um… helps me to get my work done faster. OC: Oh that’s good because you have two of them. Usually I see people with a Mac, but you have a Dell and Samsung...you know different platforms. Um… To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example, like a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media, or in a journaling app. What apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? HC: Well in the Outlook system they have a calendar and on that calendar um the major different activities or events that I have… I try to put as much of that on the calendars as possible so i can organize my days, weeks and months ahead and also so I don’t miss out on certain things you can’t remember… I normally use the Outlook calendar to organize my events. OC: Okay...So like, Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? If that makes sense, since you are a head coach and director of the athletic program at Oxford College. HC: Um…meetings are the most part of what consumes most of my time...working simple issues with workers or just dealing with day to day things that they need done where we have an open door policy and some of them are not even on my calendar, but um... a lot of the day to day activities take up majority of my time. OC: Okay, and do you have any other activities not reflected in Outlook? �3 HC: Uh...yes like I stated I do try to put practices, games, meetings, and personal things on the calendar so that I won’t forget those, but umm… things do come up a lot that are not on the calendar and I have to make adjustments for every day. OC: Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or who contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social-media interactions, or your video calls such as Skype or FaceTime. There is a certain question that I have since you did pick a computer, just like what other apps and programs like Outlook, do you use to communicate with other people? HC: Um… well advantage with the computer...um...if i put things...the system synchronize..for example anything I have on my desktop, it also goes to my mobile device. So umm… for instance, just basic email...the other day I had to email a parent and I had to do that through the regular Outlook email and umm...coworkers, alumni, friends of the family, so um… email...the Outlook email is something that I can use on my phone. OC: Ok, how do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? For example, do you use particular modes of communication for particular situations or even people? HC: Well a lot of people want to use the email and text messaging, but I still prefer to talk to people over the phone so there won’t be miscommunication even better than texting and emailing. OC: Next, with the next phase of this interview, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as FourSquare, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. What apps or programs do you use any apps or programs to navigate your locations? What are they? �4 HC: I do, um...mainly the Google and um…...just the other past month we had to google certain distances for the Men’s and Women’s Soccer game and I used Google Maps for that. Also, you talked about apps and we deal heavily in FaceBook. With me overseeing part of the social media, I do use my desktop for FaceBook to get that information to the public. OC: A lot of people use FaceBook nowadays. Um...like...do you use any apps or programs to check in to places? What are they? Does that make sense? HC: (Long Pause)...And you mean on my desktop? To check in? Well… at work to get into your work system, you have to provide a username and password to get into my work system and I have to do that pretty much daily...and then some confidential things within that which is financial information and budget information you always have to sign in with different passwords and codes to get into those areas. OC: Basically, I’m going to transition into another topic of this interview. I’m just going to ask you about the media that you use. Like you did mention FaceBook earlier. An example question would be like based on what you see on your device and the certain apps that use, what do you think you access and use the most? HC: FaceBook is the platform that I use the most, we started to use Instagram to track athletic events within the athletic department, but I have very limited access and use with the FaceBook...I mean Instagram, but I mainly use FaceBook alot. Either looking at personal or doing work. OC: For the athletic page, I wanted to know the strategy for storing the media for the Oxford College community? HC: Umm...we have our Oxford College Athletic homepage mainly designed for sports information and stories to keep the general public informed of the athletes and athletic events. We use different ways...like sometimes we’ll provide the score during matches...we have a center for helpful living...Student-Athlete of the Month...we put that type of information out �5 there...the academic successes of the student-athletes on the FaceBook, but it is mainly to keep are fans and anyone else interested involved. OC: Okay...In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. With the information that you have shared with me, How did you start using digital technology, and how has you relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? HC: Well...I started using digital...digital technology when I was around 6. We were one of the first families to have like a personal computer and a gaming system. It was pretty much stick ball...stick ball tennis video game.. And we had this video gaming system...I don’t know the exact name of the system, but one of my family members was into computers, so I remember we got a Radio Shack computer when we were like 10 to be able to play games on...and then it went to Atari and Nintendo and other games. At one point, we would spend majority of our time outside playing, but as I became a teenager, we would spend a little more time playing the video and computer games and I remember telling someone that we are going to be the first generation to see a 70 year old man playing a video game with their grandkids. Umm...like you wouldn't see my parents or older relatives.. They normally did not play video games, but my generation is going to play Madden when they are older and that’s going to be different. I don't use technology as much as some people, but for instance I do use the Samsung phone and I do know the benefits of it, but for like the different social media I do not have...I don't keep up with all of the different trends that come out like SnapChat and all of that...I normally don't do that...I just stick with FaceBook…(pause)...but my family member also told me that one day everything is going to be done on one little device. To be truthful you can do everything on a simple device. You can get all of the software, all of the apps...I’m still at the point where I need something done fast, I ask my son to do it. I can do it, but he can do it a lot faster, he doesn't even have to think about it. For me , it will take me a few more minutes to get in done, but he just knows how to maneuver through the apps and whatever we’re doing. OC: I was going to say that's interesting because in my class we are told that of how the generation after 1990 was basically the only generation to overly use technology...and that's �6 interesting because you said that you were born in the 1966-1970 range and still used technology at a fairly early age due to the terminology. If you were born after the 1990 cutoff, using technology is second nature to you, while if you were born before 1990 you are a digital immigrant, but you had it since you were 6. HC: It kind of depends on the person's personality too. For example another family member...I have two… they do their living in computers dealing with software versus myself where I didn't do it as much...so sometimes it just depends on the personality. I at a very young age, computer science was a trending thing and I have some friends who are very good at it, but for me I understand its importance, but I don’t overly use it. OC: For the next question, How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Basically having the basic skills to understand how technology works? HC: Um, like we mentioned with my son, it really doesn't matter he learns quickly, but with my wife she went from an Samsung to an iPhone to a Google phone and each time it took her awhile to get adjusted, but she was able to. Someone I consider literate won't be able to understand technology automatically, but if they look at it they can figure it out and don't mind to figure out...but the ones who don't want to do it and don’t even try are the ones who are digitally illiterate. OC: Okay.. and for the last question, is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there something I did not ask that I should have asked? HC: (Long Pause)....... no...I think that’s good. OC: Well, this went well (laughing). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Osasere Collette Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed HC (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 6 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Georgia, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1966-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity African-American Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Basketball Coach Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since Childhood Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Desktop Computer Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Dell Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with the Men's Head Basketball Coach about His Digital Experiences Description An account of the resource Interview #14 - Pre-1980 This is an oral interview with Steph Williams who is the Head Coach of the Oxford College Men’s Basketball team conducted by Osasere Collette. The coach is an African American male who is also a native to Georgia and born within the five year range of 1966-1970. Osasere Collette is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American, mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ, and born in the range of 2000-2005. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born in two different five-year ranges. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English African-American Basketball Coach Dell desktop computer Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/1d6e5fa20df0df1c443e47686b580a30.jpg 81b64e9a685129963fcf38e3a29488c8 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/0feb86c0791d68c3ca13d564237529a0.pdf 750e77f3941b43e5f3231b3637f04428 PDF Text Text Interview with an International Student from India on Her Daily Usage of Her Mobile Device Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #6 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 24, 2018 I am Carolyn and I am a freshman in Oxford College of Emory University. This is an interview conducted in a residential hall on campus. A is my interviewee; she is an international student from India and she is also a college student here. According to her, she uses mobile phones frequently in her daily lives. After I informed her about the content of this interview, she chose her mobile phone as the digital device she wanted to talk about. Transcription of Interview with A Carolyn: Tell me about why you choose this device? A: Um, Okay, so I feel like I just choose my phone because I feel like I use it the most, um, and I carry it around with me, like, almost all the time and everywhere. Um, so that’s why I would describe it as the most significant. Carolyn: Cool, to start, I would like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month, and you might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example, in a to-do list, in invitation to events through social media, or in a journaling app. So, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? A: So, I would say to plan and coordinate my activities I will probably use the calendar map most. Um, mainly because, um, whether it is like someone send me an email, like Gmail or Outlook school related or not, the calendar automatically, like, adds it to its app, And I get like a notification, when that's gonna happen so I think that’s really convenient. And I just use the one on my phone because, like, I want everything to be in one place and since I carry my phone around with me everywhere it seems like the most convenient. So, I use my calendar to set time, um, where I have to do something or places that I have to go. Um, but to sort of record my activities I will probably use Snapchat or some other social media devices or like WhatsApp. Carolyn: So, based on what you see in your devices, which are the most significant to you? A: The apps? Or the activities? Carolyn: The activities doing in the apps, like those apps, which one do you use most? �A: which app do I use most? Um, so I think I would use WhatsApp the most and Outlook, my email the most. Carolyn: So, what patterns do you notice in your activities and the role your device plays in them? A: So, for my activities, umm, any patterns that I sort of think? I think it will only be in terms of whether it is something like messaging, who I want to message and that is sort of determining the app. Like if I want to message my family that I would use WhatsApp because a lot of people in India use WhatsApp, while in US it is not that common. But maybe something like um over here, I would probably use Snapchat, Instagram, and I think the same thing kind of go through like email… If it is school-related I will probably use Outlook, but if not, I usually use my Gmail account. Carolyn: So, what important activities are not reflected information on your device? A: Yeah, I don't think there are any activities that such. Carolyn: Next, I'd like to ask you to look through your device, to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month, so ummm, what do you decide with modes of communication to use over another? which mode of communication to use over another? Like, do you use particular mode of communication to particular situation or people? A: Well, like I said, I would use WhatsApp if it’s someone in India, I would use Instagram or Snapchat if it is not, I will use Gmail Netflix non-academic and for Outlook if it is academic. Carolyn: What important interactions this people are not reflected in information on your device? A: Probably just day-to-day conversations, you know, in the dining hall, or in class that is not really recorded, but those are pretty important. Carolyn: Now, I'd like to ask you to look through your device, to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. So, like what apps or programs if any have recorded the places you visited? A: I think I would be there in Google Maps. I use Google Maps sometimes to navigate from place to place. If I go to my history it says I've gone to Atlanta over the weekend. I went to the Opera House. And an Asian restaurant. So those are probably the places. Carolyn: So, do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit your location services? A: Um, no, I don’t. So, the only apps I am aware of that does that is Snapchat, and for privacy reasons, I am in ghost mode and do not allow people to see. Carolyn: Yeah, that makes sense. So how did you first learn to navigate new locations? A: Are you asking before phones came in or after? �Carolyn: After. A: Oh, after? After phones I would just use Google maps. Carolyn: In this last section I'd like to ask you to look through your device, to see what records do you have of the media you used during the past month. So, based on what you see on your device, what apps or programs do you use most to access or produced media? A: I use social media, I use Google, I use YouTube, I use quite a lot of apps to access my media. I think what would be the most significant to me is probably Google. Carolyn: Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? A: Well I don't turn on the location services for most of my apps. Because I just don't think it’s that use for me, and I think for me the cons outweighs the pros. So, that's basically it is at all I do turn on the location for my phone as a whole it's because I thought we take an Uber or something that I need my location, but if not, I avoid it as much as possible. Carolyn: And in this final section, I'd like to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared, and focusing on how you learn to use them in the way that you currently do. How did you start using digital technologies and how's your relationship changed over time? A: So, growing up I didn't really have that much access to digital technology, and something like that, and I started to get access when I was about like 10 sorry 8 years old, and before that is not really a significant part of my life, right now I know for a fact that it's changed quite a bit like I cannot cool anywhere without my phone. How do I start using it maybe because I was influenced by my sister who started using it maybe. I think she taught me how to use it to Google about it. So, that's probably how I started. Carolyn: So, what were the most complex thing for your to learn through these activities on your social media like those digital technologies? A: Wait, specifically to social media or? Carolyn: No, technology. A: Particularly difficult for me... to sort of navigate my way through to research paper to find out information find out information that is really focused on the topic that I want and important, I don't think, I find that kind of hard to do. Carolyn: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? A: Would I consider... Yeah, I do. Ummm, yeah, I do think I'm digitally literate. �Carolyn: How do you think you learnt to be digitally literate? A: How do I learn... Probably through practice, like, initially I feels like my sister who really taught me my Parents who taught me of the basics, but I think as being a curious person, you kind of just want to know more and more, like, if I'm given like a new phone or like a new device I really want to know everything about it, so I think that’s like one of the way, that when I was young I really want to learn more and deeper more, and now I feel like it's relatively easier for me to, you know, to get those digital skills and be digitally literate. Carolyn: if there anything else you would like me to know? A: No, I think that is fine. Carolyn: Good. Thank you. A: No problem. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Carolyn Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed A (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born California, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Indian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 8 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity HTML, Python Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an International Student from India on Her Daily Usage of Her Mobile Device Description An account of the resource Interview #6 - Post-1980 Interview I am Carolyn and I am a freshman in Oxford College of Emory University. This is an interview conducted in a residential hall on campus. A is my interviewee; she is an international student from India and she is also a college student here. According to her, she uses mobile phones frequently in her daily lives. After I informed her about the content of this interview, she chose her mobile phone as the digital device she wanted to talk about. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English college student HTML Indian post-1980 birthdate Python https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/4317de41ce0c7f0531e48aca0edefee4.pdf 60ceb2554b554406b420dce4c33332df PDF Text Text Interview with an Ecuadorian Entrepreneur on Her Personal and Professional Use of Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #7 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 Introduction: This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Fatima*, who is interviewed by Ana Natalia. Fatima, a Ecuadorian woman born within the age range of 1965-1970, is an entrepreneur and start-up consultant in the Boston area for companies started by women. She is also the mother of three children. Ana Natalia is a first year student at Oxford College of Emory University from Wellesley, Massachusetts. She is a neuroscience major with an interest on studying digital technology’s effect on the brain. The intent of this interview was to understand the role of technology in the life of someone who did not grow up with digital technologies such as they are now. Furthermore, Ana Natalia wanted to explore the ways in which technological literacies are learnt and/or developed over a long period of time. *Pseudonym Interviewer: In this interview I’d like to ask you to take me on a tour of a digital device particularly significant to you and that you use frequently. If the device enables it I’d like you to review records of your activities during the past month such as calendar entries, phone calls, emails, websites, and social media interactions and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the way you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also please don’t share anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person. And please don’t mention names of other people. When referring to other people please name them by their role rather than their name. For example, coworker or family member. Before we begin do you have any questions? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: Tell me why you chose this device? Interviewee: Because I use it frequently. Interviewer: To start I’d like you to look through your device and see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have recordings of activities in the 1 �calendar app, or, for example, or in a to-do list or invitations to events through social media or a journaling app. What apps or programs if any do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? Interviewee: Calendar. Interviewer: And in what capacity do you use that app? Interviewee: Every… Every week and umm… Sometimes every day. Interviewer: And what do you use it for? What information is on that app? Interviewee: It is not an app. It is part of the calendar. The calendar app. Um… The activities for my family members and work commitments are what are on here. Interviewer: So based on what you see on that calendar app what are your main activities? Interviewee: Work meetings. Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your activities and the roles your device plays in them? Interviewee: Could you please repeat? Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your activities such as your kid’s activities after school, or your work activities and what role does your device, your iPhone, play in that? Interviewee: Very important because it connects it directly and reminds me the… the email that was initially referenced from and also timed and… specific meetings like where in the city that automatically give me directions to get me to that point if I need it. Interviewer: Ok. Are there any important activities that are not reflected in information that’s on your device? So just to expand on that a little bit further- are there activities that you do during your daily life that if I were to look on your phone I could not find any trace of them? Interviewee: Passwords and registrations. Um… feels frustrating to access to too many passwords and registrations in some cases but mostly passwords. Interviewer: I’m talking about activities though. Things that you do on a day to day basis that are not on your phone. So maybe you play tennis but it's not in your calendar so it's not reflected in the information on your phone. Interviewee: Um… Interviewer: Are there any undocumented… digitally undocumented activities that you do day to day? 2 �Interviewee: Yes. Interviewer: And what are they? Interviewee: Those are mostly related to my sports and, umm health. Daily exercises I usually do and I have a schedule without the help of the calendar. Interviewer: Ok. Next I’d like you to ask… Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see any records of the people you were involved with over the past month. For example, you might have records of people you’ve contacted or who contacted you in phone records, your text messages, you email, your social media interactions or your voice calls such as Skype or Facetime. Please present roles or relationship names instead of the person’s actual name. So what apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: Whatsapp, mainly. Um… messaging and phone calls. Interviewer: And is it mostly for business or for pleasure? Interviewee: Entirely for business. And, um… It takes… Since the company I worth with is located overseas they use… the easiest way to reach or be reached is through Whatsapp because it is free, allows you to use it for longer periods of time, and allows you to send even files and pictures. Interviewer: What patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it? So do you notice any pattern in your use of, maybe Whatsapp or another app that you use to communicate with other people? Interviewee: A pattern? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Could you give me an example? Interviewer: So, perhaps maybe I notice a pattern that I communicate differently with people online than I do with people in person. Or maybe I notice that I usually call people at a certain time and text people at another time. If you notice any pattern relating to your communication with other people online. Interviewee: On my flowed of work I schedule… I have scheduled patterns of activities through, umm Whatsapp to meet. The other well-used app is called Zoom.us which allows me to share a meeting and even my computer. Interviewer: So would you say that the patterns that you’ve noticed in your communication and the… is that it tends to be more formal because of the apps or the context in which you’re using your device? Interviewee: Yes, absolutely. 3 �Interviewer: In this final section I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you’ve shared with me focusing on how you’ve learned to use them in the way that you currently do. So my first question is how did you start using digital technologies and how has your relationship with it changed over time? Interviewee: I started from the beginning with the, umm, what was called Blackberry that allowed to send emails, umm, and the… In the mid-nineties and, uh, with that I went through to… only, uhh, iPhone and Apple telephones. I never had any android or any of that kind. Um as much as I remember it used to be emails in the very beginning with the Blackberry and then the iPhone came with the possibility of email and also texting, uh, it has been advancing in the… In these ten past years have been the most advanced changes in the levels of technology. Interviewer: So of the activities that you have described so far, um, what are the most complex for you to learn? Activities on your digital device, I mean. Interviewee: The most complex? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Umm… The most complex… I think that in general everything is user friendly and that is the reason why it’s… they accomplished to have so many customers. It’s because their efficiencies. So I don’t find it difficult whatsoever I think that umm… apps are umm tend to be boring but technology-wise from the iPhone I think they are generally user friendly I don’t have any problems. Interviewer: Ok. Can you tell me about when and how you learned to complete certain activities or was it user friendly to an extent in which you didn’t feel like you had to learn any of the technologies you just automatically knew how to work it. Interviewee: Not it was not automatically but it’s a common sense. I think YouTube helps a lot if you do not understand something and, umm, and that is… and that is key because you don’t need to talk to anybody anymore. Interviewer: To learn? Interviewee: Yeah to learn. Now a days video has been the biggest component of success in technology. In many cases it has been the help of video. Interviewer: Are there any activities you wish you knew how to complete on your device that you don’t already know or do you feel like you know everything you need to know? Interviewee: Um, well, I think that for my particular needs I have everything that I need. I think, um, I… I would like to be more efficient. I believe that younger generations… I’m in my late forties so I think younger generations are faster than I in manipulating and understanding technology. But there is nothing 4 �that has been… I mean software or apps like Zoom or, um, TeamViewer take a little bit of a while to install but it’s not too difficult. Now if we’re talking about hosting websites or that level of things I would like to be faster. I think it’s faster if… but I haven’t taken any class. I would have to take a class to be more efficient with websites or understanding commercial platforms to put them to work. Um, dropship platforms that I’d like to work with and understand better. Those are my difficulties but that’s less technology it’s mostly software, um, and programming. Interviewer: Ok. So if you were to answer what you were missing in order to complete these… learning how to use programming to your advantage whether it is in business or just creating a website you think you’re missing education in terms of classes or someone teaching you how to program? Interviewee: Yes. Yes, definitely. Interviewer: Ok. Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? Interviewee: No Interviewer: How so? Interviewee: I usually need to call someone that helps me to put together first time. After first time it’s in general easier. Um but not on everything I think that, um, if you are asking about hardware, like technology related to iPhones and all of that I think installing isn’t a big deal. However in terms of software and programming it’s different as I mentioned. That’s a different world but I would like to know more about it. Interviewer: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Interviewee: Um… I cannot answer that question but I can answer saying it depends on how… how good is that person in administration and becoming a leader in that industry. That is what makes the difference professionally. There are many professionals that world for big, big companies, but um, it depends what they want. Is that what you’re asking about? Digital professionally? Interviewer: If I just said the word “digitally literate” to you what would that mean? If I were to describe someone as digitally literate? Interviewee: A programmer. Interviewer: A programmer? Interviewee: Yeah Interviewer: And would you consider yourself digitally literate? Interviewee: Absolutely not. 5 �Interviewer: Why not? Interviewee: Because it is like having a vacuum or a dishwasher in a house. You know how to operate it basically but you don’t know how to put it together or disassemble it. Interviewer: So in order to from someone to be digitally literate by this metaphor you would need to have a basic understanding of how the dishwasher works on a technical level. Interviewee: If you said a digitally literate person I’m assuming it’s someone that for sure is capable to put together programs or build programs. And it depends if one thing is hardware and another is software for sure. Interviewer: Yeah. Absolutely. So finally is there anything else you would like me to know? And is there anything I did not asked but I should’ve asked in your opinion? Interviewee: Um let me think… I don’t know how important this is but what makes me quite uncomfortable as a user is that even though it’s user friendly most of us we have to hold it in our hand or run with it… Everything is still done by hand. It’s difficult to carry so what many people do is just be handy and in that sense I don’t see the technology so involved I don’t even know how we could supply that. Probably with the watch? But it doesn’t seem like even that is taking over for the phone itself. Interviewer: So if I hear you clearly you are saying that you wish digital technologies were in a format in which you didn’t have to literally hold the phone you could just wear it or have it on your wrist? Interviewee: Exactly, exactly. I don’t think that watch… the iPhone watch or whatever it is I don’t think it’s taking over for the phone itself as of now. Interviewer: And by taking over you don’t mean… you don’t think… Interviewee: It’s not replacing the iPhone. The iWatch is not replacing the iPhone for sure. Interviewer: And you would like to see it replace the phone? Interviewee: Yeah to make it more comfortable as well. I’m worried about radiation as well. Interviewer: Ok. Interviewee: Radiation is one, holding it is another one, and uh, stress, um I can see it makes you anxious at all times to have the world in your hands. It’s tiring sometimes. Interviewer: Do you think that’s because of the actual fact that you’re holding a phone or do you think that’s because of the nature of digital technology inherently? 6 �Interviewee: I think it’s because of the nature of technology. Also because of the lack of legislation in terms of what is allowed and what’s not. So it’s not… so if there’s not legislation about the, uh, age of the people that should be having technology and if there’s not legislation to the point that there is on TV so in the end of the parent doesn’t put… doesn’t put some restrictions on what to watch for the child the government is behind while in Europe it seems to be… IN Europe and Asia they are more aware of the constant stress and, uh, that it can cause. SO they are instead taking over in their hands and manipulating the information that is distributed. Interviewer: Thank you so much! Interviewee: Thank you! 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Ana-Natalia Epstein Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Fatima (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 7 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Massachusetts, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Quito, Ecuador Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Ecuadorian Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Latina Occupation Investor, Entrepreneur Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Spanish, English Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 30 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an Ecuadorian Entrepreneur on Her Personal and Professional Use of Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #7 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This oral history interview on digital literacies and technology use is with Fatima*, who is interviewed by Ana Natalia. Fatima, a Ecuadorian woman born within the age range of 1965-1970, is an entrepreneur and start-up consultant in the Boston area for companies started by women. She is also the mother of three children. Ana Natalia is a first year student at Oxford College of Emory University from Wellesley, Massachusetts. She is a neuroscience major with an interest on studying digital technology’s effect on the brain. The intent of this interview was to understand the role of technology in the life of someone who did not grow up with digital technologies such as they are now. Furthermore, Ana Natalia wanted to explore the ways in which technological literacies are learnt and/or developed over a long period of time. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Ecuadorian entrepreneur pre-1980 birthdates https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/b1c47d0a4f57820b272fb1012b17e9a7.jpg 671b1647a94ab9057eadfb5a0f12b6de https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3ede8f0c9f0071bdca3adf9aeb2acdc9.pdf 6ace21487af012ffa5a472689efa69be PDF Text Text 1 Interview with an Asian Manager of an Insurance Company About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #3 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 8, 2018 Introduction This interview is conducted on October 8th via the Internet. The interviewee is an Asian female who works in a Chinese insurance company. She was born around 1975-1980. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies. Transcription A: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely. For example, your phone, your laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or other devices important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of the other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions? W: No. A: Do you mind showing me a picture of your device and give me permission to take a screenshot of that device? W: This is my device. A: Could you tell me why you chose this device? W: Why I chose my cell phone? Two words: too convenient. A: Having everything on your cell phone, right? W: Everyone's contact information is on the cellphone. Now the mobile phone has nearly all the function I needed, and it is very easy to carry. A: Cell phones are indeed smaller than PCs. �2 W: Indeed. A: To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example, or in a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media. And if any, what do you use to plan something, coordinate, or record your activities? W: I have an App called Wonder List. I use this App mostly for listing work tasks and deadlines. The user interface of this software is very simple, without ads, so I like to use it to record my work-related things. I can also highlight some of the most important tasks and review my past records after finishing them. A: So, you use Wonder list to record your work tasks. Do you use any other Apps or programs for your personal to-do list? For example, attending a display or hanging out with friends? W: I don’t put short-term activities on my list. My friends and I usually don’t plan to go to any activities. We just usually run into some show or display by chance. We don't do long-time planning. When we want to meet, we just gather together immediately. So, there is no need for the to-do list. However, for long-time activities like traveling with my family, I would put on my Outlook Calendar, reminding me to finish my task ahead and leave e-mail to co-workers. A: So, let’s move to another part. In this part, we are going to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. Like communications with other people through e-mail, messages, and phone calls. And please provide roles and relationship names. Okay, the first question is what Apps or programs you use to communicate with other people. W: The App I used most frequently is WeChat. A: Indeed! Chinese people like to use WeChat. W: I also used QQ and e-mail. A: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? Do you use particular modes of communication for particular people? W: I have several different e-mail accounts. I have a company e-mail to contact coworkers and deal with work tasks. To communicate with friends, I usually use QQ email. I also use 163 e-mail to sign up membership in different Apps and receive ads. A: So, is there any important interaction with people not reflected in information on your device? W: I use my cell phone for nearly all the connections. Only when I need to edit and send documents or slides to other people, I will use my PC. Although my mobile phone allows �3 me to edit all the documents and PowerPoints, I still found it more convenient to read and edit on a larger screen. A: So, now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what record you have of the places you went during the past month. And especially on your calendar or mapping application like Google Maps. So, did you use any apps or programs to navigate or discover locations for the past month? W: I used Baidu Map when searching for new places. According to records, I have been to the Northeastern part of China like Ha’erbin and the Western part of China like Xinjiang. I always mark places I went to on Baidu Map. A: So, because you travel for business meetings very often, do you allow apps to track your movement or permit “Location Services” all the time? W: I think the permission of location for apps like Baidu Map is very necessary when I search for places, and because I don’t want to waste time to give permission each time I use the app, I usually just open the Location Services all the time. I don’t think giving permission to Baidu Map will expose privacy. A: How did you first learn to navigate new locations? Did you read physical maps and memorize landmarks? W: I usually use Popular Reviews, [an App similar to Yelp], to search for restaurants and places of interests when navigating new locations. A: In the last section I would like to you ask you to Look through your device to see what record you have of the media you used during the past month. Something like social media, posts, texts, Photos music videos or anything you have read or listened to, watched or that you have created and distributed. W: I usually use VUE - movie & video editor to record and edit videos. This App allows me to shoot videos with different filters and support video stitching and editing. I used this to function to organize my video based on the timeline. A: How about your access to media? W: I use Weibo most. And I also downloaded TikTok this month because all my friends were using this App. But I found the videos very boring, so I plan to uninstall it. I saw a lot of high school students really enjoying videos on this platform. But I did not enjoy the jocks or funny moments of the younger generation. A: What are some ways for you to store your media? Did you store them in your cell phone or upload them to the Cloud. W: After selecting, I usually upload some of my pictures, emails, and videos to the Cloud. Because the memories of my cell phone are limited, I usually upload big-size files to Baidu Cloud Pan. I can easily have access to my previous files on this App. It’s also very convenient to retrieve the previous file if I lose my phone or computer. �4 A: So, tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. W: I never mark my locations in my photos that I uploaded on any social platforms. I only allow the map software to locate me, but I will not publish my location on the public platform. A: For security concerns? W: Definitely. Also, I will feel very uncomfortable that there’s a chance that everyone could know my position if I mark the place and upload it to the social platform. A: What important media are not reflected in information on your device? W: For the past month, I watched TV a lot. I enjoy watching TV series on larger screens. Oh, I also went to the cinema several times. A: So, in this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. The first question is how you started using digital technology and whether you found the relationship changed over time. W: I rely more and more on mobile phones. I can do everything in real life just by clicking some bottoms on my cell phone. When the phone was not so smart, the electronic device I used most is the computer. When smartphones have more and more functions and recreational features, all my contacts are on the phone. I found that I used Apps like WeChat all the time and I could barely live without them. A: You told me a lot about what you have achieved by using your cell phone. Among these activities you have described so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? W: Right now, I think most of them are not difficult for me to get started because most of them are designed to open to the public and to make a good experience for general people. However, when I first have iPhone 4, my first smartphone, it still took me several days to get used to the system. It was a completely different product. The phone I had before did not have such a big screen. iPhone 4’s user interface was built around the multi-touch screen, with a virtual keyboard. I had no idea how to download Apps and how to use the virtual keyboards. After I got familiar with the system and user interface, I found that I have no problem using later iPhone products like iPhone 7 or the latest iPhone X. A: Have you ever thought about why you could use the following new products without encountering any difficulties? W: It’s probably because the systems are quite similar. Although with some improvement, I still use the same way to discover their new functions. A: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? �5 W: I want to learn computer programing and be able to write code. I have always wanted to learn, but I gave up. I was considering learning it again. A: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? W: I did not experience any difficulties when using digital devices for personal life, at least right now. But for bank programs like the confidential information control program, I found it very complicated because it required me to finish many procedures for each client. A: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? W: I don’t know. I am not sure what does digital literacy mean. We don’t use this word in China. But I think the ability to analyze the information they attain form the Internet is very important for someone defined as having digital literacy. I think someone who is curious about new technologies and who is interested in and can access these products could be considered digitally literate. For example, one of my friends bought almost every new product from Apple and other brands to discover and review features and improvements in new products. I think he is digitally literate. And also, those who are digitally literate also analyze the trends of digital technologies and media. For example, they can find business values in new media platforms and digital technologies. A: Thank you for your time. Enjoy your week. W: Thank you, you too. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview A (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed W (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 5 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Sichuan, China State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Sichuan, China Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1975-1980 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Eastern Asiatic Mongolias Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Chinese Occupation Staff Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 17 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. N/A Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with an Asian Manager of an Insurance Company About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #3 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This interview is conducted on October 8th via the Internet. The interviewee is an Asian female who works in a Chinese insurance company. She was born around 1975-1980. The purpose of this interview is to document how people born in different time interval use digital technologies, and thus contribute to the Archive of Personal Digital History (APDH) documenting how different generations use digital technologies. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Cellphone Chinese https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/d4fd45b79f6f55e5ac0092423b336431.JPG e2aad49aa864b50db87fde3bd0313b31 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3e0119bdc9caee16e51ef25a7d86feaf.pdf 76dc5ea82d28008683f9ab089ee35e15 PDF Text Text Interview with a Vietnamese-American College Student About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #4 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction Interviewee: This is an oral history APDH interview that is taking place on September 23, 2018 in PP’s dorm room. PP is currently a college student attending a university in Georgia. She is going to show us how she uses her iPad Pro in her everyday life as a part of the reflection project that we will be conducting. Originally from Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam, PP moved to the United States when she was 8 and has lived here ever since. Her first exposure to digital technology was when she was 8 years old, and she has been using digital technology ever since. She was born from 1996-2000, and knows a little bit of Java Script, a coding language used in the digital technology world. Interviewer: JC is also a college student attending a university in Georgia, but is originally from Los Angeles, California. Her experiences with digital technology began when she was about 5 years old, and like PP, she has been using digital technology ever since. Prior to the point in the interview when the transcription starts, JC and PP had already gone over the informed consent form, the background intake form, and the consent to record this interview as an audio clip. JC: “Can you tell me why you decided to choose this device?” PP: “The reason why I decided to choose my iPad is because I use my iPad more often than any other device. It’s portable, and it’s also very interactive, like touch screen, I’m able to write on it, so I don't really have to bring multiple things with me when I do stuff and I also play games on my iPad, watch YouTube and draw on it and I feel like it’s very efficient in a portable way to facilitate so many activities.” JC: “To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have and see what activities you were involved in this past month. You might have records of activities like in a calendar app, or a to do list, etc. What apps or programs do you use to coordinate or record your activities?” PP: “So for my iPad, I don’t really plan anything on my iPad beside from iCloud sync, which I did not do, because I wrote stuff on my computer and most of the time when I plan thing I use my cellphone. Even though I use my iPad more often than my cell phone it’s kind of like a reminder and stuff like that so I don’t really use social media on my iPad and things like that but I occasionally go onto the internet and check them but most of the time I use social media, �2 calendar app on my phone however I have like a notebook on my iPad, like I use it to write notes on and things like that.” JC: “So based on what you see on your device, what are the main activities that you do?” PP: “The main activities I usually go to are one YouTube, two is my drawing program, and three is my safari, the internet, or playing my games.” JC: “And of these activities that you use, which one do you think is the most significant to you?” PP: “Uhhh. Out of all of these, I think the most significant for me is the internet app. It’s because I use it for various things and I have multiple incorporations into it like you could watch videos with it, you could of course Google up things that you don’t know and look up stuff that you need to look up and so I would say that I use these the most on my iPad more than others.” JC: “Oh wait sorry this isn’t on the paper, but I was just wondering if you have your laptop, I guess what makes your iPad different than your laptop, like why don’t you use your laptop. Is [the iPad] just more portable or easy to take around?” PP: “Well for me, since they are about the same size, which as you can see it makes really no difference, but for me I just like the interactive interface, like I can touch the screen, I could draw and write on the screen as opposed to this [the laptop]. I’m not a good typer, I’m a very bad typer so most of the time I’d rather do it on an interactive screen than typing things out.” JC: “Ohhh that makes sense, okay. So what patterns do you notice in your activities and the role that your device plays in them?” PP: “A lot of the times I use my iPad as my entertainment, and sometime educational study, like I could go onto the internet and search up something, but for references, I use it mainly for entertainment and stuff like that.” JC: “And what important activities are not reflected in the information on your device.” PP: “What do you mean important information?” JC: “So like… I guess out of the activities that you do use on your iPad is there anything you weren’t able to discuss before or, is there anything that is more hidden that this device doesn’t really record.” PP: “I’d say the iPad is pretty good for giving you a well-rounded activity to do and apps so at the moment, doesn’t spark anything that I think I hide from you aside from the fact that I use it a lot for entertainment and playing games, drawing and all things like that it’s a stress relieving activity.” �3 JC: “Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of the people that you were involved with in the past month, for example people you might contact in your phone number, text messages, social media, etc. and while you’re looking through them, please provide the role that these people play in your lives instead of their actual name.” PP: “Well um, I use my iPad to often check my email as well, and that’s something that I do, as well as one of the other things I do is facetiming my parents, my mom, my aunt, my uncle, from you know different countries and so from different parts and so I use that more often. For my social media, I don’t really have a social media or text messages on my iPad, that’s more of a phone thing where I could quickly do it instead of tying it on such a huge screen, so most of the time for social interactions on iPad I just use email and facetime, video call.” JC: “Cool. So, the apps and programs you usually use to communicate with other people, you said like facetime and Skype? Did you say Skype?” PP: “Uhh facetime and email.” JC: “On your iPad?” PP: “Yeah.” JC: “Okay, cool. And are there any patterns that you notice in your communications, and the role that your device plays into these patterns you might notice?” PP: “Well, for my iPad, you know, all my devices, I link to notifications which is kind of like if an app has something new on it, like it needs an update, they notify me what it is, sometimes when I play my games, I take care of like a stimulation games, and I take care of a thing or something like that, like ‘Oh, your food is done’ or ‘your dish is done’ and it’s the same for YouTube, when they have a new feed on YouTube they think I might be interested in, they’ll notify me and so is my email, when there is a new email coming up, my iPad will notify me of the new email as well.” JC: “So that kind of helps you really answer it quickly because then you know that they reply to you.” PP: “Yea yea yea, notification yea it’s also the same for my cell phone for social media.” JC: “How do you decide which mode of communication to use over the other like do you use different kinds of apps for different kinds of situations or different people.” PP: “I would say yea, but I’m not much of a poster, like you see someone who would write posts and then post it on social media and stuff, most of the time I would just go in and check it and see what people have in store, and sometimes if there is an event that is really important to me, or that I really had fun, I’ll occasionally post pictures of that event on social media, but most of �4 the time I don’t really have a dedicated social platform to use, I would say aside from facetiming my parents, I don’t really use text messages, I don’t really like to text people.” JC: “Is there a reason you use facetime over emailing or calling them?” PP: “I think it’s because when you face to face talking to people, you see clearer what the connection is. When sometimes you write something, it’s more of a process, you want to make your point clear, but if you talking then it’s more efficient and its faster and you’re able to see how responsive they are, or if they care at all, and there’s more dynamic in your conversation when you’re talking to people face to face rather than texting them, because you can’t see their reaction.” JC: “Right I definitely agree with that. And what important interactions are not recorded in the information on your device?” PP: “As I said before, like the other social media programs like Instagram and Snapchat, I have it on my phone instead of my iPad and because my phone is smaller and much more portable, I can just take it out of my pocket and search up stuff, whereas the iPad, it’s more of a hassle to take it out and so there’s social media that I have on my phone instead of my iPad.” JC: “Ok, so now I’d like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of places you went during the past month. So, for example you might have records on your calendar, or your mapping application, or in like location services, and if you’re able to find them, what apps or programs if any have records of the places you’ve visited?” PP: “Um, when I go places I don’t really take my iPad with me, like when I go and have fun with my friends, of course I’m going to leave it at home because it’s quite a huge device I mainly use my iPad when I’m at a home setting, or when I’m at a setting that is a sedentary place where I do work or homework or just try to have entertainment, so when I go places I don’t take my iPad with me, so records of where I go are not really available here. That’s a different story for my phone, because my phone automatically through GPS records my travelling.” JC: “Do you allow any apps to track your movement or permit location services on google maps or something like that?” PP: “Yea, um on my phone yes I allow it to track me but, on my iPad, I totally turned the tracking location effects off.” JC: “What do you think prompted you to make that choice?” PP: “It’s because I don’t want to have multiple devices that have my location on, because it could be very dangerous, you know people could just track “Oh, we found this” and it could very dangerous for me, so I only try to have the one device to track my location so that there will not be any dangerous situation where someone may just break in and so I only have my device �5 track on my phone because I want to use the google maps, so that’s the only thing I use it for, but otherwise I try to turn off the GPS because I don’t want people to find out where I am.” JC: “So how did you first learn to navigate new locations.” PP: “Well for me, basically there is an app that is already set up, which is google maps, and so on my phone I could just like type the address on there and it automatically leads me to where it is, so there’s not much of a process there aside from using the correct app to access location or to show you where to go.” JC: “And what important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your device?” PP: “Uhh… O like I said I don’t use iPad for navigation, and so a lot of that isn’t available on my iPad.” JC: “Ok, cool. So, for this last section, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of media you’ve used in the past month. So, for this section I’m mostly interested in social media posts, texts, photos, tv shows and games that you might be reading or listening to, watching or playing, or it may be something you yourself have created and distributed, and these could be anything that you think you use on your iPad.” PP: “Well, for my iPad, I have a lot of tabs on my chrome, on my internet app, mainly because I use it to access like websites for reading manga, and watching anime, and also like reading novels online, and so I do have a lot of tabs like that. As for watching various drama, so you can see this is all my entertainment stuff, I don’t do things that are relevant to my school work really, it’s just entertainment stuff.” JC: “Kind of like a personal TV?” PP: “Basically, like if I miss a show I can just get on my iPad really quick and you know, track them. And other media that I used that I mentioned before are I like drawing on here, and so I do also draw a lot on my iPad, I have a few arts on here which I drew using my iPad, a lot of them are older than the others, but um recently I’ve been adding more stuff on this. I also use this for drawings, and as you can see, there’s games scattered everywhere, now and then, but a lot of these games I don’t really play, I just play one or two of them, but since my iPad has storage I guess.” JC: “That’s cool. Do you use a stylus for the drawing app?” PP: “Yeah, I use a stylus for the drawing app. Yeah it’s attached to the case.” JC: “So what media do you use or create the most?” �6 PP: “I would say that the media I create the most on my iPad is my drawings. Aside from that, I don’t post on social media on here, I don’t have the app on my iPad, so most of the time I will just draw and watch TV. It’s like you said, a personal tv and a personal drawing tablet for me.” JC: “For TV do you mostly use safari, or YouTube, or Netflix?” PP: “I use a lot of safari as well as YouTube, it’s because I don’t have a Netflix, so I don’t use Netflix, but a lot of times I could just find what I want to watch on websites that support safari.” JC: “And why do you prefer one app or program over another?” PP: “It depends on my mood, and on what I want to do that day, really. Sometimes I don’t feel tired, maybe I’ll just watch something really quick and you know, go to sleep or do something else. Or maybe one day I’m like ‘ooh, I feel like I want to do this, so let me watch something on this’, you know it really depends on my mood and I can’t say that my mood is stable, from time to time, and so yea, it really depends.” JC: “So can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant for you?” PP: “Yeah, I would say that the most meaningful to me is my drawing programs, because I spend a lot of effort on every single art, so if you delete them, that’s like at least 10 hours that I spent on art drawing and so I would say that I would not want my iPad to be stolen or anything like that because all my drawings are on there and it would be detrimental for me since I cannot back it up, so it would be very sad.” JC: “Do you like drawing? Is it your hobby?” PP: “Yea, I love drawing. Drawing is like my hobby, and um actually the main reason why I got my stylus and my iPad is for drawing. Yea, it’s because I have trouble drawing using like a separate tablet and then a tablet to attach it to a desktop or computer, and so it’s because I feel like it would be nicer if you could actually do it kind of like you’re drawing on a piece of paper, and the iPad with its interactive screen allows me to do that, and so it’s similar to the traditional drawing techniques and so I prefer it and so that’s why I bought my iPad, for my love for drawing, pretty much.” JC: “Ooo I see. So what patterns do you notice in your media use?” PP: “The patterns is that I guess there’s just for entertainment only, so there doesn't’ really like anything that the main thing that I pretty much do on my iPad is just for entertainment, like watching TV, watching clips, drawing or playing games and that’s it. I don't’ really use it for any other stuff aside from entertainment.” JC: “What are some ways that you share media with others?” �7 PP: “I share it through pretty much the share button (laughs) and things you know like sometimes when I draw art, I will share it through emails, export it as a JPG or PNG, share it through email, and that’s pretty much it, I don’t really share any other things aside from that.” JC: “And can you tell me any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage?” PP: “As I told you, I turn off my location device and you know when I’m using so that my location will not be exposed and sometimes I also use VPN as well to protect my privacy and get me anonymity. As well as I use passcode lock on my iPad like fingerprint and passcode to ensure that an unidentifiable person and walks in and took my iPad won’t use my information. Plus, I don’t have any important information on my iPad so like all the accounts that I have, there’s no such things that any of the banking accounts related to me on this iPad, so I don't use it for that so most of the time it’s just for entertainment and nothing else.” JC: “Okay, and are there any other media in your life that aren’t reflected in the device?” PP: “Umm. Yea, I like to go to the movies and you know when I play video games, sometimes I don’t play it on my iPad I play it on y console like the 3DS or PS4 and so that wasn’t on my iPad and you know I love to go to the movie theater to watch the latest movies, and of course my iPad won’t have the newest thing on there, and for newspaper and magazines, that’s something I read on my phone, like I go on fox news pages and read it there, but I don’t really read it on my iPad, as I’ve been reiterating many times, I only use my iPad for entertainment.” JC: “And in this final section, I’d like you to reflect the history on your device and the apps you’ve shared with me, focusing on how you’ve learned to use your device and the apps that you use in the way that you currently do. So, one question I have to start off is how did you start using digital technologies and how do you think your relationship with it has changed over time?” PP: “Ok, so this brings back to a long time ago. I did not have access to digital devices in my childhood until the age 8, that was when I immigrated to America, and I left my country of Vietnam, which is a developing country, and so when I get over here, technology is more prominent that it is in Vietnam. And even in school system, I’d say that the first exposure that I got to digital technology was pretty much through education, and you know how teachers use computers already, and projectors, and various digital technologies to teach students, and so building off that experience, I also when I first came here, I also had a desktop at home, and so a lot of my experiences are really through that desktop, and I didn’t really start to learn how to use it until I was eight or nine or so, but most of the time I would just use it to play games, browsing, you know what kids like to do when I was young. And it's not until like in the 2010 or 2012 that I got my first iPad, which was an iPad 3, and I kept my iPad3 for a long time, about 4 or 5 years until I updated and got an iPad Pro, and so yea I got this one recently, but then my experience of using the iPad came from the iPad 3 but the interface are really similar, there’s nothing different, and I would say this for a lot of devices, I feel that all the digital technology has �8 similarities like your phone, your laptop, they all have symbols which allow you to recognize what it is, and pretty much they have text like descriptions of how to use it, like when you start an app, when you don’t know how to use it, there’s usually a tutorial teaching you how to use it. And some of it is pretty much what people call common sense, like if you grow up with it, you’re going to know how to do it without much hassle, and so even though I wasn’t exposed much to technology in Vietnam, but it’s because I came here when I was still a young child, so technology wasn’t such a wide gap for me to fill in.” JC: “And of the activities that you’ve described so far, what do you think was the most complex for you to learn?” PP: “I would say my drawing programs. That’s totally another world.” JC: “What do you think made it so complex?” PP: “I think that the complexity came from the user and not the program itself. The program is fairly simple. If you want to draw something, there are a different assortment of brushes. You may not understand the terminology, but let’s just imagine that you use pencils, brushes, watercolor brush, this kind of brush and that for traditional, so on the drawing program, it’s the same, they also have brush, but it’s kind of like an intangible aspect because you’re using your stylus for everything, and so I have to really learn how to use and how to apply the correct techniques, and I think that it’s a really complex thing, not because of the program is complex, it’s because of how to use it and how to apply it is complex.” JC: “So what kind of context do you use this activity for, is it professional or academic, etc.?” PP: “I would say like for all of them, you know, if I want to build a professional portfolio I would do it, as well using a program to build a professional art portfolio, I could just draw it because it’s a hobby of mine and it’s fun, and of course it could be academic, because you know if you take an art class and your main media is digital illustration, then yea that could be your academic piece.” JC: “So it’s kind of like you could use it for anything, really.” PP: “Yeah.” JC: “Okay, and can you tell me about when and how you learned to complete these complex activities?” PP: “This took me a year or so to learn how to actually draw digitally, I’d say if I were to transfer my skills from this device to another one, it’s umm would be somewhat of a change, but I still retain that knowledge you know, like for me how I learned this was mostly through experience, like the more you use it the more you get used to it, and the more you get used to it, the better you get every time.” �9 JC: “And do you think like transitioning from drawing on your iPad Pro to drawing on paper, is it different or is it very similar?” PP: “I feel like it is very similar, but there are resources that cannot be replaced. Like on the iPad Pro, you could easily have colors applied just at the click of your fingertip, but when you’re drawing on a piece of paper, you have to have your resources available to you, like oh, you have to buy color pencils, or you have to buy watercolor, and you have to use this brush, dip it to this color palette, you know there’s more of a process if you use it that way.” JC: “And can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device?” PP: “Hmm… Right now, I don’t really have an activity that I’m really bad at that I need to learn to do better, I’d say I’m always striving to improve myself in the digital illustration, and that’s like the main thing, but aside from that, the activities are pretty simple and it doesn't pose problems to me, I can just navigate it out.” JC: “Do you think that drawing is always going to be a personal thing like a hobby you have, or do you think that you could see yourself possibly doing art professionally in the future?” PP: “Yeah, I definitely could see myself doing art, but as a side or a minor, it’s because for me, I’m a slow artist, it takes me forever to think about an idea to come up with and actually apply it, and so for me, it’s not going to be my main profession, but it will be something that I do for a lifelong time. As a hobby, or anything that I want, of course my mind is subject to change, and so having a hobby really for now, for me, I guess it’s just a hobby.” JC: “What do you think you could improve on in art and digital design?” PP: “I think there are a variance of things. Like, since digital perspective is intangible, it’s not something you can touch really, so there is that barrier, and because of that, you need to be really good at manipulating and maneuvering your programs really. For me, I’m still pretty new at photoshop, and there's features on the photoshop program that I struggle to understand, like why is like this, why is it like that, so for me I would wish to learn more about the program itself, and how to use them because computer software and programs can be very complex and complicated, and unless you practice it or have a niche in it, then you don’t really understand the use of it.” JC: “Right. Do you think that one of the reasons is because you don’t really use photoshop, so you don’t really feel the need to learn it as much, or what do you think?” PP: “I would say it’s because I’m fairly new as a digital artist at digital design, I only have about a year of experience, and so there’s still much time for me to figure out how to use the programs. I would say that using the device itself isn’t complex, it’s the programs that really �10 pose a problem because different types of programs have different features and that’s really what makes it tiresome to learn.” JC: “And do you feel that you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context?” PP: “Yes.” JC: “How so, can you tell me about how you’re gauging that?” PP: “It’s because as a student in the contemporary world, everything is facilitated through digital technology. Like, when teachers tell you to write an essay, unless it’s an essay in class, you really going to type it on the computer and revise it from there, rather than writing it handwritten and you know when you handwrite things it could get messy, and sometimes teachers cannot read your handwriting, and there are many factors that associate with that. And so, you know in educational system nowadays, the implementation of digital technology is so prominent, that of course the student has to learn how to use it. And even so, when you go to the workforces, it’s also the same concept. People teach you how to use certain programs to complete certain tasks, and so as long as you have the basic understanding of what technology is and how to use technology, how to at least type on a computer, I think you could really thrive.” JC: “What about in your personal context?” PP: “For my own personal use, I would say yes, I do have enough knowledge about how to use this. There are times when I still need to learn a bit longer, but that’s for something new that I haven’t tried before.” JC: “What about in a civic or public context?” PP: “Um In a civic or a public context, it’s like social media, really, aside from watching the news, reading the news, listening to the radio and posting on social media, I don’t really see that I have trouble with those kinds of things because it’s very common nowadays, it’s very straightforward” JC: “And how would you describe someone who is digital literacy?” PP: “I would say someone who is digitally literate is someone who knows how to navigate through the digital technology interface.” JC: “And would you consider yourself digitally literate?” PP: “Yes I could do a lot of things and there’s different types of literacy really, but I could navigate through my own device without asking people 'Oh my gosh' help me how do you do this I can at least follow the instructions.” �11 JC: “Mhmm, and how do you think you learned to be digitally literate?” PP: “Um it’s just using it over and over again and getting the experience. At first, you’re like ‘oh my gosh, typing is so hard’, but after you type for a while, you start to pick it up, like your brain has muscle memories and is able to recognize it, and so just using it over and over again, you know, keeping on being exposed to it, you pretty much could learn it without any problems.” JC: “Is there anything else that you would like me to know, or is there anything that I did not ask and should have asked?” PP: “At this rate, I don’t think so.” JC: “Ok, cool thank you!” � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview JC (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed PP (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 11 pages Occupation College student State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, U.S.A. State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Vietnam, China, American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian, Vietnamese, Chinese Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee Vietnamese, English, Chinese (dialect) Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Age 8 Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity Some Java Script Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple iPad Pro Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Tablet computer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Vietnamese-American College Student About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 23, 2018 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1 Description An account of the resource Interview #4 - Post-1980 Birthdate This is an oral history APDH interview that is taking place on September 23, 2018 in PP’s dorm room. PP is currently a college student attending a university in Georgia. She is going to show us how she uses her iPad Pro in her everyday life as a part of the reflection project that we will be conducting. Originally from Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam, PP moved to the United States when she was 8 and has lived here ever since. Her first exposure to digital technology was when she was 8 years old, and she has been using digital technology ever since. She was born from 1996-2000, and knows a little bit of Java Script, a coding language used in the digital technology world. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University college student Vietnamese Vietnamese-American https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/acbfa79eb01163d31b30ab4569dbb471.JPG c4aec1ec7193a772ff52de84f5f4fc66 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/1efd752d0e70bef95be0378496f6521b.pdf 088949489fe6de01744c6e40c9d055c3 PDF Text Text Interview with a Transgender Student About His Digital Experiences Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #9 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 21, 2018 Introduction The following is an oral interview with Aspen Nightingale1, a Caucasian, transgender man from Louisiana. He is 18 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. The interview was conducted by a Caucasian female from Florida, also a first-year at Emory’s Oxford campus. This project is intended to be an exploration of the past and present digital experiences of a research subject, by asking them to take the interviewer on a tour of a device of their choosing. Interview 00:00 Hello, Aspen, how are you? 00:04 Good. 00:05 Excellent. So, right as I'm about to begin this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you, and something that you use routinely, like your phone, your laptop, et cetera. So, if the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month, like calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, things of that nature. And, discuss with me the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. So, before we begin, I would also like to issue a quick disclaimer that you may decide what to comment on and what to ignore, depending on what makes you comfortable, and you can decide if you want to share an example with me by showing it to me. You should only share examples of what- of things that you feel comfortable sharing. And, also please don't share information about anything illegal- if you have anything incriminating on your device, I don't need to know about it, or information that would compromise the privacy of somebody else in your life who was unable to give consent for this interview. So, it would 1 Names have been changed. �2 be much pre- more preferable if you could refer to them as a coworker or a family member if you're referring about actual people. So, before you begin, do we have any questions? 01:34 Nope, I'm good. 01:36 Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? 01:39 Yes, you can take a picture. Interviewer fumbles to take a picture. 01:49 Thank you. 01:52 To start, I'd like to ask to look through your device, or, to have you look through your device, to see what records you have of the activities you were involved with during the last month or so. Places you could look for this would perhaps be a calendar app, a to do list, invitations to events, all that sort of stuff. So, my first question to you is- what apps or programs, if any, do you plan to- do you use, to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? 02:19 Ummm, so I have02:20 Oh wait, shoot, let's go back... let's backtrack a minute, I totally missed a question here. Tell me about why you chose this device? 02:28 Ummm, I picked this- I picked my phone because I do everything on it, and before I had a laptop, because I haven't had one for that long, it basically functioned as my computer, so if you wanna know- and my- I don't do anything but schoolwork on my laptop, so it's not gonna show up anything but schoolwork, so if you wanna know how I actually use technology, it would have to be on my phone. 02:50 Great. Now, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? �3 02:57 Ummm, my main one is Google Calendar and the Apple Calendar, except I kinda use them for separate things. Google Calendar is mainly for college, um, things, so if you look at it it's gonna be just, all my classes laid out and all my teachers' work hours, all the things I have to do related to college 03:20 Mhm 03:21 But if you go to my Apple Calendar, that's more like birthdays and anniversaries, or like, things that are happening outside of like, professional stuff, so that just keeps it so I know what's happening, and what's important, and what's mandatory. Ummm, I used to have a- a little notetaker, umm thing that would let you do like bullet-point notes, but I ended up deleting it because I would make a list and I'd never look at it again so it didn't matter if I made a list because it didn't remind me anything. Now I just stick sticky notes all over my room. 03:59 Whatever works, right? So, based on what you're looking at now, can you give me a little bit of information on your main activities? What you spend your life doing. 04:12 Umm, I mean, based on my calendar, you would think the only thing I did was collegeschoolwork. I have classes Monday through Friday, and I work Monday, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, and that's all on my calendar, and that's about it, so based on this, I do nothing but work. 04:35 Interviewer chuckles. But, sort of what patterns do you notice in these activities? Obviously, you just said school and work seem to be the majority, but deviating a little from the calendars that you use to sort of organize your school life and your professional life, I would call it, what do you, what do you do for fun, and sort of how is that reflected on your phone? 05:04 Ummm, I mean, things that I do for fun wouldn't be found on my calendar, because usually after I'm out of class, and about a couple- I mean, no, not a couple hours, about around 10:00 is when I'm done doing homework, and so that time spent either with my friends or doing stuff like that, but that's never on the calendar unless I'm planning like a very specific date with my friends for like, going to Pride, or going to a movie this day, so none of that would be reflected on my calendar, but umm, just hanging out with my friends or like, this weekend I'm going to Atlanta, none of that would be on my calendar. �4 05:45 Okay. And, I believe by answering that, you sort of covered that other question of 'what important activities are not reflected in the information on your device?', your social life, from what I'm gathering. Great. 05:58 So, next I'm going to ask you to look through your device a little bit more, and see if you have any sort of trail of the people you were involved with the last month, so, records of people you contacted or who contacted you, phone records, texts, emails, social media interactions, Skype and FaceTime calls, ummm, I'm going to remind you one more time to use roles or relationship names rather than people's proper names for this step. 06:27 So, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate in these ways? 06:32 Umm, so kinda depends on who I'm talking to, but my main communication is gonna happen on Snapchat, that's where you're gonna find, well, I mean, you aren't gonna find much 'cause it deletes everything, but that's where you're gonna see most of the record of who I'm talking to. If you want an actual paper trail, it would be in my text messages, because I hardly delete them, 'cause I don't use them that much. And then, I also use Instagram a lot to keep up with group chats and friends, and so those are probably my main ones, in the past month I might've used Facebook Messenger, but just not gonna be very often, so there probably won't be much there... and then my emails, I use, ummm, daily, I check my emails daily, and I end up sending emails daily, so those are really popular for professional communications. 07:25 Cool. Ummm, so what sort of patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it? Ummm, so, for that sort of question, I'm sort of asking: do you see anything noticeable that helps you decide which modes of communication you prefer to use over another, or ummm, what really sticks out for you in terms of, ummm, sort of a trail, per se? 08:02 Ummm, I mean, if you look at it, if someone's my age, I'm not gonna have, like, text message from them, it's gonna be on Snapchat, so anyone that, so overall my age I'm gonna use Snapchat for, unless it's something like, I need an immediate response on, then you'll see, like, a text of, 'quick, like, I need your response right now', or I'll call them. But, �5 unless it's something important, most of my communication's gonna be on Snapchat, unless it's like, family, I talk to my family on text, or, like, old who's in there I'll text message or email. And then, Instagram is not mostly conversations, it's just pictures or things we've seen on Instagram, so there's not many conversations, but it's only kids, only people that are my age, so I don't really talk to adults on Instagram either. 09:01 Mhm. Ummm, and then what important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device, is there anything that we've left out? 09:11 Ummm, I mean I would say you wouldn't be able to find, like, me and my friends hanging out on it, but I mean, you wouldn't be able to find it with them on, but within 24 hours, you would be able to see it if you saw it on my Snapchat, because I put things on my story a lot, or, so most of my interactions are through my device, especially now that I'm away from home, 'cause it used to be that, like any interaction with my family wouldn't be on my phone, 'cause I don't put that on my phone, but now that I'm not with them, any interaction with them is gonna be through my calls or through my text messages. Yeah, I don't think that there's anything really about communication that's not reflected here. 09:55 Great! So, now I'm going to ask you to look through your device once again, and see what sort of records you have of the places you've been during the past month. So, records of places on your calendar, Google Maps, location services if you happen to have it enabled, and sort of things like that, ummm, so what apps or programs, if any, have these sorts of records? 10:20 Ummm, well my location services stays off, so not many do, I think the only app that has access to my location is Snapchat, and that's because to make filters work you have to, ummm, but I mean if you go to my Snapchat a lot of times there'll- my- so- you have access to Snap Maps now, where you can look at where everyone's at, mine is turned off so you won't be able to see where- where anyone decides won't be able to see, but a lot of times they'll tag the pictures you take with the thing, so if you go to my pictures you can see 'taken at Oxford, GA', 'taken in Covington, GA', 'taken in Atlanta', or like, last night there was pictures of me and my friends at Olive Garden, so that's a, ummm, that's a tag for where I'm at geologically, ummm, there's not many things that are allowed to keep track of my location, so other than Snapchat, nothing else will have records. I think sometimes photos in Apple will tag your photos where they were taken, if you click on it maybe, I don't know, sometimes they keep track of where you take it places, let's see. Umm, I have 290 photos that- alright, never mind, I have 10 photos that were taken in Disney World, 280 in Louisiana, 8 in New York, I took way more in New York, so that's not right, ummm, but you �6 can get kind of a preview of where I've been, or where I've taken pictures, and that's about it. 11:59 Cool. Ummm, let's see here, ummm, do you use any apps or programs to check into places? 12:12 Ummm, I have a Chick-Fil-A app, and I check into that when I go to Chick-Fil-A, I get, ummm, coupons, I have a MoviePass app which requires you to check in when you get there, it, ummm, says, like, 'you're here', or whatever, and you have to click it to check in and get your ticket. Uhhhh, I have a parking app that gets you parking spots in cities for pretty cheap called SpotHere, so I have to check in when I'm in that place, and that's about it. 12:45 Excellent. So, how did you first learn to navigate new locations, such as reading maps, memorizing landmarks, I know that's a bit of a break from the technology side of things, but if you could give me a quick answer on that, that would be great. 13:05 I mean, in, like, second grade, I think my school introduced how to read a map? I never used that information in my life, but they taught 'ya how to read one. But I mean, by the time I needed to navigate anywhere new, I had a cell phone that had smart capabilities so usually I would just Google a route and l would just look along briefly, just to see what I had to do beforehand, and then just follow it, til then with Siri's help. 13:33 And, is there anything that we have not discussed yet, places or navigational practices that we've not really touched on yet? 13:41 Mmmm, I don't think so. 13:44 Great. So, in this last section, I'm going to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the last month, so this is going to be a pretty big section, because it incorporates social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, games, all the entertainment that you would interact with on your phone. �7 So, based on what you see on your device, what apps or programs do you use the most to access or produce media? 14:13 Uhh, I mean, let's see, give me a second, where is the battery section, that'll tell you. Wait 'til it loads. Well, according to my battery, in the last seven days, Snapchat is used the most amount of battery, then Tumblr, then Pandora, then Instagram, then Safari, YouTube, and all these background things, like calling people or whatever. But, in the past seven days, those are the majority of my battery and that's pretty accurate to my month. 14:53 Mhm. And, why do you prefer one app or program over another? 14:59 Umm, I use Snapchat the most because that's what I use to keep in track with my partner in Louisiana, and all my friends back in Louisiana, um, so that's my connection back to my friends in Louisiana, um, I use Tumblr probably next second, just because if I'm bored, it has the most amount of data to scroll through endlessly- and it never ends. Ummm, hmmm, Instagram and Pandora, I mean, Pandora was used because I've been working this week, and so I- umm, a lot of my work in umm, my job, you do it alone, so you can play music and stuff, because it's a lot of umm, individual work. And then, Instagram's probably the next one, because after Tumblr, that's the best one to waste time on, ummm, my YouTube used to be a lot higher, if you looked at it before I came to college, it probably would've been second or first on the list, but now, if I have free time, I- I'm not gonna be able to look on YouTube because one of my friends is probably in my room, and being a bother, so I don't have time to get on YouTube anymore, or Netflix, would've been a lot higher, if you looked at it before I came to college. 16:18 Interesting. So, do you have any media that's especially significant to you, or have we already sort of touched on that with your love of Snapchat, and Tumblr, and16:29 I mean, YouTube and Tumblr were kinda the place that ummm, are kinda the biggest platforms for the queer community, so, like outside of being able to talk to people like I already knew YouTube and Tumblr were the place that gave me access to people I- I didn't know already, and that had, ummm, either related to me over like, things we could talk about, like shows we watched, you can find a lot of stuff like that on Tumblr and YouTube, �8 or they shared some of the same identities, like being queer, ummm, so those two platforms were very big in getting into the queer community for me. 17:10 That's a very special thing. Ummm, so, can you give me some examples of media that you've produced and altered in some way? Do you make any films, do you do anything like that? 17:24 Ummm, no, ummm, I'm usually not a creator, that much, I just like to use it, ummm, on Instagram you can find pictures I've drawn, but I don't draw digital- digitally yet, even though I'm thinking about getting into that, but you can find, like, drawings I've made, and posted, or, ummm, that Instagram's probably where I post the most, even though I haven't posted in awhile, so, it's the only place I'm really a creator on. 17:54 Cool. So, tell me your strategy for storing your media? How do you go about that? 18:03 Ummmm, well, every couple weeks I'll go through my photos and delete all the stuff that's not pictures of, like, me and my friends, and then, like, screenshots of books or something that I don't need anymore, so I'll clear that out like once a month, and that'll save up a lot of space, uh, I don't keep music, really, on my phone, I only have like two albums downloaded onto my phone, and I bought those awhile back, ummm, uhhh, most of my apps, I don't, like, group my apps into things, like some people, so they kinda just stay where I put them, ummmm, other than that, uh, I clear out my Safari very often, and my text messages, I'll go through and clear out like once a week, just to keep everything organized. I delete irrelevant emails immediately, and then I usually don't go back and clean out my emails, I'll save everything that I think is important. 19:03 Cool. Ummm, and how about sharing media? How do you share your media with others, if at all? 19:11 If I share media with someone it's gonna be on Instagram, usually, you can forward a post to someone else through there, ummm, sometimes you can take screenshots of posts and send them to my friends, though not very often, but every once in awhile I'll do that. That's about it. �9 19:28 And, how about protecting your privacy with media usage? Is there any specific way that you do that? 19:34 Uhh, I mean, it depends on the platform, on Snapchat I only allow people that I know to follow me, so my Snapchat is ummm, I'm not sure if it's private, but like, you can't follow me without permission, so only people I know follow my Snapchat. On Instagram, my account's private, and I let people I don't know follow it, but I also, like, I go through and make sure what they are and who they are before they follow me on my Instagram, which is private, because it has my actual name on it. Ummm, my Tumblr, I don't have any safety precautions on it, because it doesn't have my name, or any pictures, or anything personal, it's just whatever I've reblogged, I've never actually put any content on it. So, it just depends on what I'm on. YouTube, that has my name, but I don't make videos, and I'm pretty sure my account's private, so that keeps it, ummm, protected. 20:29 And, is there anything that has not been reflected thus far in this section? 20:37 Oh, I did forget, I have a, ummm, I have an app called DashLane that stores all of your passwords and stuff behind a lock, like, behind a master code, so that stores all of my passwords, and keeps them in one spot, behind a, umm, behind a lock, kind of, so that keeps them safe. 20:58 Ummm, and apparently, that 'final section' was not the final section, so we have one more to go. So, in this section, I would like you to reflect on your history with the device, and the apps that you've shared with me, focusing how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. So, I'm just going to ask this first overarching question and see if we can cut down on the amount of explaining we have to do for the rest of these, but- how did you start using digital technology, and sort of how was your relationship changed? 21:35 Ummm, I mean, I think that at like, eight or nine, my grandparents got a really old desktop, and brought it inside, erm, 'cause they have an accounting business, and so they got one of the old ones that they couldn't use it anymore, gave it to us kids, but it didn't have access to the internet or anything, it just had like two games on it, ummm, pool and solitaire, probably, I think those are the two games, so that was kinda my first time using anything that hadthat could've used internet, even though it didn't have internet....ummm, and then maybe, twelve, was when I first got my first mobile phone, that's also about the time I opened a �10 Facebook, which was like my first social media, and even though that went away pretty quickly, I only used Facebook for like a year at the most, ummm, that was kinda my first pinpoint with social media, ummm, and then I didn't really do much in between being twelve and fourteen, but, um, when I was fourteen I opened an Instagram, a Tumblr, and some other accounts, like a Netflix, a Hulu, YouTube, I opened basically all my, um, social medias around the time I was fourteen, I didn't open a Snapchat until I was, like, sixteen, or something, I didn't use that very often. And, so that was kinda where everything started, ummm, I used to use them less, because, um, when I was younger, most of my friends went to my school, and I saw them daily, so I didn't need to use my phone that often, I didn't need a social media. By the time I started high school I had some online friends, I had some friends that I saw at school, but I also started to have the freedom to go outside the school with my friends, so having a social media was the way to plan those things, or having text message was the way to plan outside events, so I've started using it more, the older I've gotten. 23:37 Interesting. So, of the activities you've described, which were the most complex for you to learn, if any at all? 23:52 I mean, none of the apps, the apps are set up to be very self-explanatory, 'cause they're meant for you to use them, they weren't made to be complicated, um, I mean I guess, getting used to using Google Calendar and some of the other organizational apps took effort, not because the actual apps are, ummm, difficult, but because I needed to get into the habit of them, but I think, I don't think any of the other ones showed any problems. 24:23 Okay. And, can you tell me about activities that you wished you knew how to complete with your device? Is there anything with your device that you don't know how to do that you wish you knew how to do? 24:41 Ummm, with the iPhones, not really, you don't really have much of a- they aren't- like Samsungs are built like mini-computers, so you can do a lot of things on them, that, like, if you know how to use it, you can like, hack- do all kinds of stuff sometimes, but Apples are meant to be very user-friendly and very simple, there's nothing on my iPhone that I need to do, or that I've ever needed to do that I can't do. 25:09 And, building on that question, do you feel you have the skills necessary digitally to operate effectively in a professional context? �11 25:19 Umm, yeah, I had to- in high school, I had to take an IBCE course, and learn how to type correctly, learn how to use, um, Excel, Microsoft, all the Microsoft programs, basically I'm certified in them, umm, I know how to manage my emails and how to basically do anything you'd need to do for a job, unless I got a job programming, but I don't know anything about programming, so I doubt that would happen. 25:55 Okay, and how would you describe somebody who is 'digitally literate'? 26:03 Umm, someone who is 'digitally literate', ummm, can both understand the apps they already use, and be able to quickly catch on to a new app, or a new system, if it's set up within a similar way. 26:21 And, would you consider yourself digitally literate, by that definition? 26:26 Yes. 26:29 And, how did you learn to be digitally literate, or ummm, yeah, please just elaborate on that a little bit more. 26:40 Umm, I mean, it was mostly just trial and error, getting your first iPhone or getting your first computer, and just going around and clicking everything, until you knew where everything was at, and then after, I mean, after you have that first phone, or first computer or laptop, most systems are set up in basically the same ways, like, every laptop is going to have a settings button, and all settings buttons are gonna include basically the same design. Just like, it may look different or be in a slightly different position, and like, the internet's always gonna be kind of in the same spot, like, everything's gonna be set up in the same way, you just have to find, like, the similarities, because most systems aren't that different. 27:22 And, is there, and finally, is there anything else that you would like me to know? 27:28 Um, no, I think we covered all the bases, basically, �12 27:33 Well, in that case, thank you very much for the informative interview, Mr. Nightingale, it was lovely to get to know you and your device. 27:41 Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Aspen Nightingale (pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 12 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Covington, LA, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male/Non-Binary Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity White Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 8 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview K (pseudonym) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Transgender Student About His Digital Experiences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 21, 2018 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Description An account of the resource Interview #9 - Post-1980 Birthdate The following is an oral interview with Aspen Nightingale1, a Caucasian, transgender man from Louisiana. He is 18 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. The interview was conducted by a Caucasian female from Florida, also a first-year at Emory’s Oxford campus. This project is intended to be an exploration of the past and present digital experiences of a research subject, by asking them to take the interviewer on a tour of a device of their choosing. Apple college student iPhone https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/29a8a183ea79891a9ca4acf57ec064e8.pdf 14732e229894df0e552c36aed45b04a7 PDF Text Text Interview with a Psychologist About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #12 – Pre-1980 Birthdate September 2018 Technology is changing rapidly and with it comes the changing of people and how they carry out their day to day activities. This oral history interview with a professor at Oxford College of Emory University conducted by Oxford College student Michele Chen, reveals one person’s relationship with technology as she learns to use it and watches those around her grow up with it. This individual would fall under what Michael Levy would describe as a digital immigrant because she was born between 1950 and 1955. MC: Tell me about why you chose your computer. POS: Because it's what I do most of my work on. MC: Okay. What apps or programs, if any do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? POS: sighs. I use the calendar, um, I certainly use YouTube a lot. I know that's not an app per se. MC: But it's a program. POS: Yeah, it's a program. YouTube. Uhm. And you're talking specifically as it relates to work? MC: Anything in general. POS: Okay, so um, Facebook ... MC: You're on Facebook? That's very modern. POS: chuckles. Well I'm not antiquated. laughs. Um, what else? And then you know for all my professional work, for writing papers, I use Dropbox, I use OneDrive, um, I certainly use iTunes, I have to almost look at my computer at home to tell you everything. MC: What are your main activities? I think you already answered this. POS: Mostly for professional reasons. Papers for professional conferences, PowerPoint, um, and certainly emails. MC: What patterns do you notice in your activities and the role your device plays in them? POS: Well, again, they support my professional life. MC: What important activities are not reflected on your device? POS: Meditation. MC: Do you use a meditation app? POS: No. Actually spending time with families and friends. Um, I typically do not get my news from a computer. I typically get it from the radio or the TV. � 2:35 MC: Next I'd like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of people you were involved with in the past month. For example, you might have records of people you have contacted or who have contacted you. please provide roles or relationship names. POS: I would say students. and of course, I use Canvas. MC: I like how your canvas messages are always so colorful. POS: Oh yeah, well I like to mix it up. MC: What patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device plays in it. POS: Well again, emails from students requesting appointments, asking questions, preparations for quizzes, questions about that. and I do a lot of work on canvas. MC: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over the other? POS: What do you mean in terms of the computer? MC: Like do you use specific ways to contact people depending on the person or situation? POS: I almost always use email. very rarely use iMessaging. I do sometimes. MC: What important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? POS: On your device? Say it again. MC: What important interactions with people are not reflected on your device? So for example, you might call your daughter a lot but that's not reflected on the computer. POS: Oh, right, right. That's why I asked. On the computer or not. If it's not on the computer than yes, phone conversations, and just eyeball to eyeball conversations. Both: chuckles. 4:36 MC: Okay now I would like to ask you about records of places you have to in the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in mapping applications such as google maps, etc. POS: I certainly use those apps. I use Waze, I use google, what was the first thing you asked about? MC: Records of places you have on your calendar? POS: And calendar, I use my calendar. �MC: What patterns do you notice about the places you visit and your movement from place to place? POS: On the computer? MC: Yeah, on the computer. POS: Okay, I would say I’m pretty solid with emails and Facebook when I’m bored. chuckles. MC: Okay, how did you first learn to navigate new locations? POS: Can you give me an example? Like if I'm trying to use the calendar? Is that what you're asking? MC: I guess if you were to travel to a different country, like you're going on vacation, how would you navigate the area? POS: So, this is not the computer then? I think you mean the navigation on the computer. MC: So, do you plan ahead like make an itinerary ahead of time on the computer? POS: This is not clear to me. MC: Okay, we can skip. POS: Okay, okay MC: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected in information on your device? POS: Alright, tell me what you mean by place. I don't know if you mean places as in apps on the computer or places in my world. MC: Places in your world. POS: Oh, then maybe you should go back to the question, the proceeding question. MC: How did you first learn to navigate new locations? POS: Oh, okay. Um, well I don't know. I mean it goes back to when I was learning how to drive, and we certainly didn't have google maps and we didn't have a computer, so I couldn't go online to get directions from the computer. Just through verbal instructions from people. MC: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your computer? So, I guess you said you use Waze and google maps to go from place to place? POS: Mhm. 7:25 MC: The last set of questions is about entertainment so like Netflix and movies. What apps or program do you use most to access or produce media? �POS: Well I use iTunes and I use, um, YouTube and then of course we have the capacity to stream videos as faculty members like today i am showing a streamed documentary to my psych of gender class so. MC: Can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant to you? POS: Well, as a teacher, I use a lot of YouTube. You see that in child development. um. and I would say streaming documentaries and videos. MC: Are we ever going to get a chance to watch the documentary on our syllabus? POS: Probably not. but I can make it available and you get it through our library. MC: What patterns do you notice in your media use? POS: Well I'm not sure again what you're asking. I use YouTube, I use iTunes, I use streaming. MC: How do you store your media? POS: For classroom purposes, I keep the link on PowerPoint basically and on my jump drive. MC: What are some ways you share media with others? so like with canvas, you share stuff with us. POS: Yeah, canvas. and of course, through my PowerPoints, I embed videos and i embed a lot as you've already seen. um, so i would say that's the main method and i would do as attachment to friends and um relatives, videos by attachments. MC: What strategies do you use to protect your privacy? POS: I just use the standard virus protection program and I have lots of passwords - lots of different passwords. MC: chuckles That's good. What important media is not reflected in your device? I think you mentioned before you listen to the radio - POS: For news, yes. MC: Are there any others? POS: I mean, I typically do read the New York Times online, but I would rather read it from a printed copy. MC: Do you have it delivered to your home? POS: On the weekends. So, over the weekend, since it's gigantic over the weekend, I do have it delivered and I really enjoy holding it but during the week, I read it online. MC: What is the big newspaper company in Georgia? POS: The Atlanta Journal Constitution. MC: The Atlanta Journal Constitution? POS: We receive that. MC: Is that kind of like the Georgia version of the New York Times? �POS: Well, yeah, it's like the Georgia version. it's not like the New York Times, but yeah, it's the major newspaper for Georgia. 11:28 MC: How did you start using digital technology? POS: When it became available. It was necessary as a teacher and as a faculty member. MC: Did you use it a lot during grad school? POS: No, because we had very limited. Yes, I did use it in graduate school. I used it to write my doctoral dissertation, but it was so different from what we have now. It's far more cumbersome. i didn't use it in college, but I did use it for graduate school. MC: So, do you think technology has helped? POS: Oh yes, yes. that's why when you said you're not a fan of iPhones ... I am a fan of iPhones. I keep mine out all the time. I'm not a fan of students using them in the classroom. because I find it rude and they're distractors and they don't lead to deep learning at all and that's what I’m not a fan of - I'm not a fan of disrespectful use of them. MC: Oh, okay. Thank you for clarifying. POS: Yeah. MC: How has your relationship with computers changed over time? POS: Well, I'm more skilled so i can use it with a little less anxiety and it's just part of life now and it certainly - you know I'm presenting a paper in Norway next week, that's why you have the week off basically. MC: Norway? POS: Read your syllabus. anyhow you know, I've finished writing my paper for that that I'm presenting and you know, it used to be when I was a first or second year as an undergraduate, I was using a typewriter where you had to use white out so you can imagine the amount of time that took so I can't fathom not having a computer these days so I'm a big fan. they make my life easier. MC: This is unrelated but how do you do it? How do you balance everything? Writing papers and teaching? POS: Well you have to be very disciplined and kind of have your life in order. I think having a baby many many years ago teaches you that if you're going to work outside the home and raise children at the same time and be married or be in a partnership, you have to find a way to get all that in and then when you do that it's just discipline you know? Carving out periods of time where you know, from 5 to 8, that's family time. If you notice, and I said this in class, I don't do emails - work emails on the weekend or after about 6-7 at night because I feel like that's my family time and it's my time maybe to do things for myself like read a novel so I think you have to carve out time. �MC: And on top of all of that you're still writing papers. I don't know how you do it. POS: chuckles. Well, I've had a lot of experience. MC: Of the activities you have described so far, which has been the most complex for you to learn? POS: I think Canvas. Prior to Canvas, we had Blackboard. I don't think Canvas is particularly user friendly. MC: You like Blackboard more? POS: I like blackboard more. It's been such a slow process in terms of technology. It's been hard. I think each major milestone is hard for me. But now, you know I've been so accustomed, so Canvas has been the newest. As you see from class, I don't a lot of tech. It's mostly PowerPoint embedded videos and that type of thing. I'm not on the edge of doing a lot of technologically sexy stuff in the classroom so you know, I do what I feel like I need to do. So, I would say going back to your question, Canvas has been my latest struggle. MC: What do you think makes Canvas so difficult to use compared to Blackboard. POS: To me, it's not as intuitive to use as Blackboard is. MC: Okay POS: And I even see our IT experts struggling with it. MC: Why did we make the change? POS: I think it was a university decision and I don't know about that. I’m just a teacher. laughs. MC: Can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? POS: No, and it's probably due to the fact that I don't know what's out there and I'm not particularly interested. MC: You have what you need. POS: I have what I need, yes. MC: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? POS: I mean for me, it would someone who could simply use a computer well and have a tool bag of some kind to draw from when something goes wrong. I can use technology fairly well as long as everything is working perfectly but when something goes wrong - like for example, in your class, assigning weights to each of your assignments like you know the quizzes and the midterm coming up and all the stuff. That's not as intuitive on Canvas. I didn't do it correctly and when that happened, I was *wailing noises* and so I had to call some IT people and they were having some difficulty too. So, I think having some tools to draw from when something goes wrong and I don't think I have that many. MC: Is there something I did not ask that i should have asked? POS: Hm. I can't think of anything. Many of these are interesting questions, it forces me to look back at my relationship with technology. I will just say this, it's been very anxiety producing to me. I �think, you know, I look at my daughter's journey and I look at my journey, and of course my daughter is much older than you are, but she was using technology since she was a baby. I didn't start using it until I was in my 30's when I was in graduate school and so it's been a very anxiety producing kind of thing for me and I have tried to work on to overcome that. and that's something your generation probably doesn't have a clue about because you were born with it and you've used it constantly, so I think those of us who are older, I mean I can't think of one person in my cohort or age group that doesn't have anxiety around technology to some extent. MC: Are there psychologists who are studying how technology affects children? POS: Oh, oh my gosh, yes. And the picture's not pretty. Oh, there's a lot on that and there's a lot on iPhones and all types of digital vehicles and it's not the technology that's bad, it's the overuse of it and using it - we've talked a bit about this in class - it's using it uh, rather than talking to individuals, it's an obsession with it. I mean I look at all of you folks going around the campus and it's always like this *looks down at hands and begin to pretend texting* and no one looks at you eyeball to eyeball and says, 'how's your day?' I don't know if it was your class I was saying this to, but the faculty have noticed for the first time is on the quad, on beautiful days especially in the spring when the weather begins to get a little warm and now when the temp starts dropping a little bit and it's just nice outside - we used to see students out on the quad either taking naps or talking with one another or having soda or coke with one another. We very rarely see that anymore. Everyone is on their iPhones and everyone is sitting inside with their PCs and laptops and to me it's a huge loss for your generation. It's a huge loss. In terms of children, we know technology rewires the brain in ways that are negative. So, I don't think it's by chance that ADHD is on the rise because everyone wants an answer now. No one has any patience. If Google can't produce it, something's wrong, and the individual goes crazy. Technology to me is very dangerous. It can be very good for children if used appropriately, but it's not being used appropriately. MC: Has your grandson started using technology yet? POS: Well, he's only 8 months, but I was with him last night and he has all these toys that light up and play music and my daughter was saying she read an article saying that all these slick toys that you're seeing for your children overstimulate babies. MC: Oh, I didn't know overstimulation was a thing. POS: Oh yeah, well you know yourself. If you're wired up over something - it doesn't have to be technology - it may be a phone call from a family member and things are crazy at home and it's right before you go to sleep, you're wired and it's hard for you to fall asleep. Technology does that too. Facebook - you see that everyone else is going to Paris for spring break and you're not, and you're thinking, why is my life so dull? it overstimulates in many many ways towards depression, towards anxiety. This is what psychologists and psychiatrists are concerned about and we as a faculty are concerned about. Students want answers now, they're very impatient, I don't think that's unrelated to growing up with technology. MC: I think that's all I have. Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Michele Chen Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed POS (Pseudonym) Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Interview Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 7 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Tennessee, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1950-1955 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Professor of Psychology Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 20+ years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Not Provided Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Computer (PC) Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Dell Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Psychologist About Her Experience with Digital Technologies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Interview #12 - Pre-1980 Birthdate Technology is changing rapidly and with it comes the changing of people and how they carry out their day to day activities. This oral history interview with a professor at Oxford College of Emory University conducted by Oxford College student Michele Chen, reveals one person’s relationship with technology as she learns to use it and watches those around her grow up with it. This individual would fall under what Michael Levy would describe as a digital immigrant because she was born between 1950 and 1955. desktop computer professor psychologist Windows https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/797ccc17d5de4f83508da15f2801a7f3.jpeg ba56c6f373a00061f22080039f9c8d41 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/b1e5c1d473cbcddcae061303728f8b2a.pdf 8198c9b11332123e04b27c7a68063314 PDF Text Text Interview with a New Yorker About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #15 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is originally from New York, NY and born between 1996 and 2000. She is a Chinese American citizen who speaks both English and Cantonese. The interview included questions about her experiences and development of skills using digital technologies. As a bilingual student, she is often found Snapchatting her friends or using WeChat to communicate with her Cantonese speaking relatives. She elected to use her iPhone 8 for the interview. For confidentiality purposes, the interviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters MC. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Transcript TE: So, I've already taken a picture of your device, but is there anything that you'd like to tell me about why you chose this device? MC: It’s the device that I'm most on like almost all the time. It's the device that I feel like I get to use it the most to its fullest potential, whereas compared to my laptop I'm not using it in a way to its fullest extent. TE: That's cool! I can totally relate. So, can you look at records of activities that you were involved in this past month? These might be records of activities such as a calendar app, to-do list, or invitations to events on social media. What apps or programs do you use to record these activities? MC: I use the Apple calendar because it syncs up with my laptop. During course selection, I used numbers to ensure that my classes didn't interfere with each other and it also created an outline of my schedule. It was very helpful for formatting. �TE: Yeah. I should have done that. I scheduled one class where there's 5 minutes in between the next class. MC: Really? How do you manage? TE: It’s the course Learning to Lead, but luckily the person who teaches it is in my class before so he moved the class back 5 minutes. But back to you, based on what you see on your device, what were your main activities during this past month? MC: I've been watching a lot of Netflix, using Snapchat, and checking my emails a lot. TE: Sorry I think you're misunderstanding the question. The question means: what kind of activities like physical activities you are involved in? MC: Oh okay! School. School…mostly school. Chuckles TE: Laughs as well. Is there a class that is most significant to you based on your calendar? MC: Not really. I mean the app helps me keep on track of Ox Studies because it helps me know what, where and when I should go to certain events. It allows me to schedule for the next days and week. It also allows me to keep on track of interviews because it is club interview season. TE: So, what patterns do you notice in these activities? MC: I don't really do anything on the weekdays. Chuckles I mean I don't really have a consistent schedule. I haven't had a consistent weekend where I’ve done something one weekend and then repeated it the next. Everything has been different. Like it seems like you do laundry on the weekends. I do laundry whenever. So, I need to figure out a routine. TE: Are there any activities that are not reflected in your calendar? MC: No not really. If anyone were to spy on me and had access to my calendar, they would be easily able to find me and know what I'm doing. Besides that, I really like the Calendar app because it helps me remember what I have to do on Saturdays and throughout the weekend. TE: Interesting. So now we are going to move on the category of people. Can you look through your device and see what records you have on what people and relationships you have been in- �volved with? For example you may see records of people who have contacted you or you contacted them. This may be phone calls, text messages, emails, FaceTime calls, or social media interaction. Use roles or relationship names rather than their proper names. MC: For Facetime, I called a friend back at home a couple of times. For text messages, I have contacted a couple of friends here. But I still feel like I am in the point where I am still exchanging phone numbers and am at the point of “Hey this is MC!” or “Oh great this is blah blah” so I have been sending those type of messages. I am on snapchat a lot to keep up to date with friends at home. And Streaks (Both chuckle). On Instagram, it’s so nice to finally get to see the people I have been following for a while in person. TE: Yeah! I agree. MC: For calls, I call my grandma every Saturday. That’s about it. I should be on WeChat more because my parents send me voice audios. But I don’t really like Wechat. So, when I get voice audios I will typically call my dad back. TE: WeChat. Laughs MC: Do you have a WeChat? TE: Nope. Someone asked me yesterday and I was like “Nope, I’m not cool enough.” (Both laugh). So, moving on, how do you decide what form of communication to use? MC: If it’s an emergency I will text. It just depends on...mmm let me think. TE: So, for like a basic question of “How was your day?” what would you do? MC: Oh! For things like that, I will just text. So, I guess for an emergency, I will call. Then if it’s just for something like “Oh this just happened to me!” then I would take a snap, like a streaks snap. TE: What patterns do you notice in your interpersonal communication on your device? MC: Patterns? Oh, when I wake up, I check Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Email, like while eating breakfast. Then throughout the day, I will do the same thing during lunch. I also will check my email occasionally throughout the day. Then posting wise, I don’t really post that much. �TE: Same. MC: I don’t like to post. TE: Am I following you on Instagram? Pretty sure. It’s (MC’s Instagram handle), right? MC: Yeah. Laughs TE: So, what important interactions with people are not reflected on your device? MC: Study sessions. Umm… TE: What exactly do you mean? MC: It’s hard to study for math over text or like...so I like meeting up with people to discuss things face to face. I don’t record or take pictures when I am hanging out with people. I just like hanging out. TE: See my friends and I snapchat each other from across the room. So, it’s good. Chuckles MC: Good documentation. Laughs TE: Yeah, it’s definitely time well spent. Laughing. So now we are going to move into the category of place. Can you look through your device to see what records of places you went during this past month? You can use places on your calendar, navigation services such as Google maps, location services such as on your phone, location based social media or self-check apps such as used in fitness apps. So, what apps do you use? MC: Yesterday, I searched Murdy Hall because I was going to order food with a friend. But those plans didn’t fully go through. I really wanted pizza but I know it’s going to be a letdown because I am from New York. TE: Same. I have been also really wanting pizza. Chuckles MC: I also searched Sweet Hut because it’s been a while since I had Asian food. TE: Same. I went to Duluth yesterday for that reason. �MC: I was also really bored and decided to look at what there is to do around here. I also used Lyft because I don’t know how to drive. So usually I take the shuttle to main campus but Lyft to like Sweet Hut. TE: Well, if you ever want to get Asian food, let me know. MC: Do you ever miss Asian food? TE: Yes, that’s why I really wanted to go to Duluth yesterday. MC: I’ve been missing noodles, like I really want something soupy such as ramen or pho. TE: Moving on because we are really off topic. Both laugh Do you use any apps or services to navigate to locations? MC: Yes, usually Google Maps. TE: Did you put Murdy Hall into Google Maps? MC: Yes. Laughs. But not because I didn’t know how to walk there, but because I wanted to see the number of the address. TE: Ok. Chuckling. Do you use any apps to track your movement? MC: Uh not really. I mean I use SnapMap but for only one person. Like my friend got annoyed that I wasn’t on it. TE: You can do that? MC: Yeah you just select only these friends. So, I only have one person. I don’t really want the whole world knowing where I am. Oh, and Apple Maps I don’t really use that often. TE: Do you use these apps to check into places? MC: No. I mean I know people who check into Yelp to get higher Yelp scores. I also know that some places will give you a free drink if you check into a place. TE: I don’t know I think it’s creepy. �MC: Yeah. I completely agree. That’s why I don’t really use it. It’s also annoying. TE: Do you have location services turned on in your phone or Google Maps? MC: It’s on in Google Maps all of the time. But if I need to send a friend my location through a text, I will turn the location settings for my phone, but otherwise I will have it off. TE: So, what patterns do you notice in the places you visited or moved from place to place? MC: I don’t think there is really much pattern. I mean I’m still discovering and exploring places around Oxford. TE: How did you first learn how to navigate to new places? MC: When I was younger my grandpa always brought me places. Before we went anywhere we would look at the MTA map. We would draw out an idea of what circles we would have to get to and from. So, we would always use paper maps. But when I got older, my grandpa drew out a little map to show me what trains to take and what stops to get on and off. When I was growing up, I never really used Google Maps, it was mainly paper because that’s what my Grandpa knew how to use. TE: That’s interesting. My grandpa would kind of do the same thing, where he would navigate something on MapQuest online but then print it out. I always thought it was weird. MC: My grandpa had a paper map of all the streets in Manhattan. I tried to teach him how to use Google Maps, but he claimed he liked his map better even though I had taught him how to use the technology. I mean it was a big piece of paper. I don’t understand. Laughs. TE: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your device? I assume that it’s probably you and your grandpa’s use of paper maps. MC: Yeah definitely, paper maps are not on my device. But since we are now in a new place, I wouldn’t even try using a paper map here at Oxford. TE: Same. I’m not even sure where you would find one. Both laugh TE: Are there any apps that you use to discover new places? �MC: I sometimes use Eventbrite or when Facebook tells you what is going on around you, I will use that. TE: So, moving on to Media. MC: Oh, I use Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. I mean I also use WeChat and I post things on there but I only use it so that my grandparents are up-to-date on what's going on with me but it's never stuff that I would post on Facebook or Instagram. I don't know if it would be good enough to post on Instagram or Facebook. TE: Yeah same. I don't really like posting either. Do you prefer any of these apps over the other? MC: I usually prefer Facebook over all of them. Because, as I said before, they have events. It's like combining everything into one app. But lately I have been liking Instagram more. Maybe it has to do with the visuals. TE: Yeah! I agree. Also, because of the Instagram stories, like Snapchat, you can see what other people are doing in that instant. Based on what you see on your device, is there any social media that you create the most? MC: I don't really create things. I mean I wish I could edit videos. It's definitely something I would like to learn how to do. TE: Are there any examples of social media that are most significant to you? MC: I guess I really like Snapchat because I like contacting people that I haven't seen in a month. With streaks, I don't miss people as much because for the past month or so we've been sending each other one liners. We know that we still exist. It’s just the easiest and fastest form of communication. Chuckles TE: So, moving from that, do you produce or alter any form of social media? MC: Not really. I mean even with photos, I don’t know how to edit them. I really wish I could edit photos. TE: Same I don't post enough to know or learn how to do it. Are there any patterns in your social media use? �MC: I guess it's the whole breakfast and lunch pattern where I check my social media. TE: Do you check it during dinner? MC: Yeah. I guess it's the whole three meal thing, but overall I just check it whenever I am bored. TE: Interesting. I would say the same for myself. Is there any way that you store media in particular? MC: I only really store photos, but when it gets to too much, I will transfer it to a USB, but I don't really do this too often. TE: Do you share this media with others in specific ways? MC: Not really. Aside from occasionally posting, I am not that active on social media. TE: Can you tell me about any strategies that you use to ensure your privacy on social media? MC: For Facebook Messenger, I keep locations off because I do not want it sent or I don't want people to know where I'm texting from. For Snapchat, I don't like using the filters because I don't like people knowing my location unless it's really cool. TE: Is there any form media that is not reflected in the information on your device? This would include reading physical newspapers, listening to the radio, watching television, playing videos games or any other examples. MC: Even with reading newspapers, I will read it on my phone. So no, not really. TE: How did you start using digital technology? How has your relationship grown throughout your lifetime? MC: I watched a lot of television as a kid but I never started using the computer until elementary school and it wasn’t until after I took a couple of computer classes that were a part of my school day. Since then I've been continually using it. TE: Of the activities that you've described so far, what form of digital technology was the most complex for you to learn? �MC: Microsoft Excel, I feel that it is very confusing. But now that I'm more familiar with it, I feel that it is pretty easy to use. I still wish I could learn how to budget my money using Microsoft Excel. TE: Same I would like to learn how to balance my finances using Excel. Where did you learn how to use these complex digital technologies? MC: It was always in a school setting, like for Microsoft PowerPoint, we would learn how to use it to record voices, but through the computer games we played in school, so I never felt like I have learned anything. TE: Can you tell me about any activities that you wish you knew how to do? MC: I would have to say coding and how to use Excel in a more complex away. I would also like to learn how to edit videos. TE: Why do you wish you knew how to complete these tasks? MC: I feel that it would save me a lot of time in future activities and it's very applicable in many settings. TE: Do you feel that you need these skills to work effectively in today's society? MC: I feel that to function in today's society you definitely have to know how to use Microsoft Word and PowerPoint and also how to write professional emails. TE: Laughs. I think they should have a course that teaches these things. Going from that, what skills should a digitally literate person be defined as having? MC: I think it is someone who has the ability to see something wrong with digital technology and be able to fix it without asking for help. I think that is what it means to be digitally literate. TE: Do you think that you are digitally literate? MC: No. I often forget how to do basic things on the computer. For example, I keep forgetting how to take a basic screenshot of my computer screen and I keep having to look it up. TE: Because you don’t consider yourself digitally literate, what else would you like to learn? �MC: I would like to become more comfortable with the shortcuts on my keyboard. I also want to learn various terms used. For instance, when buying a laptop, someone who is digitally literate would know exactly what they want and how to buy a particular system. If I were to buy a new laptop, I would not exactly know what to do. TE: Is there anything else you would like me to know? MC: No. I think the questions were pretty thorough. But I think people who build their own computers are pretty insane too. TE: That’s very true. MC: It’s like being literate with digital technologies on a whole different level. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Tracy Eng Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed MC (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides New York, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born New York, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Cantonese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since 5th grade Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 4th grade Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a New Yorker About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #15 - Post-1980 Interview This is an oral interview with a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is originally from New York, NY and born between 1996 and 2000. She is a Chinese American citizen who speaks both English and Cantonese. The interview included questions about her experi- ences and development of skills using digital technologies. As a bilingual student, she is often found Snapchatting her friends or using WeChat to communicate with her Cantonese speaking relatives. She elected to use her iPhone 8 for the interview. For confidentiality purposes, the in- terviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters MC. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese-American college student iPhone post-1980 birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/47e77c0b8b628b21027859191c553be9.pdf 465740c54d2a6c839bcd314c7dc4e576 PDF Text Text Interview with a Mathematics Professor About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #13 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Dr. Heunggi Park, an Asian male of 53 years old. The interview included questions about his past experiences with digital technology and how these technologies have affected his daily life events. Dr. Park is a visiting assistant professor at Oxford College of Emory University in the mathematics department. He is originally from South Korea but moved to study and work at the University of Georgia prior to teaching at Oxford. He uses technology quite frequently to create math tests using Latex and Mat lab. Initially, Dr. Park chose to use his Microsoft Surface Pro tablet for the interview, but decided to switch to use his iPhone 7 in the beginning of the interview. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Transcript TE: Can you tell me why you chose to use this device? HP: So…I’m still using this device, but I use the iPad Pro more and I think that the one thing is the portability of the iPad is good, but sometimes I couldn’t ehh do some computation like running Latex, which is mostly I do to make some mathematical document. And there is some problem in the iPad which is not really sufficient, so I was looking for something portable at the same time that I could use Latex ehhh…to compile. I guess sometimes…so it looks like Surface Pro at the time is good and I got a good deal for the device, so I decided to buy it. But the problem is that I haven’t used this device for a while and I picked up this one last yesterday because I forgot to bring my MacBook (chuckles) so I need a temporary device to use yesterday, today and tomorrow, but I use this one sometimes yeah. TE: How many devices do you have in total? �HP: Total? So, Surface Pro, MacBook and…Samsung S2 Galaxy Tablet and I have iPad Mini and…iPhone (pulls out of pocket) and this iBook…so six (both laugh). So right now, there are six, but I do have one more that I share with my son…it’s a Chromebook. So, six or seven. TE: (Laughing) I have like three and people are like that is a lot. HP: Yeah, yeah. (Laughing) Right, some use some more than others. I use more in general. So, the most I use is my MacBook and the iPad Mini and my favorite is probably the iPad Mini still. I tried using Samsung and Microsoft, but I like iPad Mini more. So, the most I use is MacBook and iPad. TE: Do you prefer Apple software over Microsoft? HP: I’m more used to it. I have been using it for…I don’t know…I started using Mac since I think 1991 or 2 something like that. So, I am used to it and so I used Microsoft for a while, but I am still used to Apple. So, I mainly use my MacBook, iPhone and iPad. Most of my programs and systems that I use are difficult to change to Microsoft. TE: So, to start, can you look at your activities on your device? Can you look at what records you have of activities you were involved in the past month? This might include your calendar app, or a to do list, or an invitation to events of social media or a journaling app. What apps or programs do you use to plan, coordinate or record your activities? HP: Yeah…it’s not good. So, I usually use MacBook to tell me when things are. Most of my activity is through that MacBook. So most activity on the MacBook is… (pulls out iPhone) TE: Do you sync everything up on your calendar app? HP: Not everything but…can I change the device to my iPhone, so my answers make more sense using this one. So, let’s change this. Yeah, so iPhone because iPhone and MacBook are kind of in the same…yeah, yeah. It’s an iPhone 7. So, this phone, I got last September so I have had it for one year. I’m using Calendar, which I sync with the MacBook and iPad. I use usually three apps together. So, one is Calendar, Reminders and Notes. So, if I write…I don’t put all of my activities in my Calendar, only important activities. Reminders is for reminders of things I need to do that require more reminding than just the Calendar app. And sometimes I need to take some information or notes, I will record it in the Notes app. So, these three apps I use in all three of my devices, so I can open it on any MacBook, iPad or iPhone, so I can write those things down. So, the mostly used apps is the Notes because I write down a lot of notes. So yeah. TE: So, based on that, what are your main activities based on what you use for Notes? �HP: So its uhhh… (Pulls out Notes App and provides visual explanation) So as you see…so these are my recent activities. I have many different ones. I use my notes to take information and prepare. These are usually for activities at my church. I was meeting a small group, a study group at the church, so I collected all the information about that, such as bible study. Then I connected it on the app and I guess most of the things are Korean obviously, like this and that. But this one is English. So, I collect all of these things in the Notes app and then I use them. Most of it is for Bible Study. But during the week, for my school work, I don’t really use my phone. I mainly use the program called Latex, so it can generate every mathematical document. It’s a little bit of coding, not a lot, just simple coding on Latex to get some mathematical document. But that is the most active program I use. TE: So, is that how you design quizzes and papers? HP: Yes, exactly. TE: Oh, ok cool! I’ve always wondered how you type in logs and how you write them out on a computer. HP: That is one thing why I always thought having an iPad was good. So sometimes the support over is not nice. Actually, the apps that generate the…the mathematical document such as Latex are not good enough. They are sometimes very difficult to use. That is why I bought my Microsoft Surface Pro to replace my iPad, but still for the main computations I use the MacBook Pro. TE: What patterns do you notice in these activities? HP: That’s…a good question. Do you mean in my life? TE: Yeah. HP: Let me check something like screen time. TE: You mean FaceTime? HP: No screen time. TE: Oh, I don’t know what you are talking about. �HP: So, if you go here… (pulls out phone and demonstrates screen time display from settings). TE: Oh ok! I don’t have that on my phone. HP: It’s like you use the iPhone and it tells you how you use it, obviously right? So… TE: Mhmm I see. HP: So, let’s see what I did… (looks at screen timing). So… TE: So, you can limit the time on a specific app? That’s so cool. HP: Yeah exactly. TE: I didn’t know you could do that. HP: It’s a new one. It’s an update on the IOS. It’s not that old. It wasn’t there. It came out a couple of months ago. So, if you look here…I don’t know what they call but they break it into categories for productivity, health and fitness and something like that. Yeah, I didn’t really use the health and fitness today. So, the most activity is kind of you know like quite…not any more scheduled, but you know I want to get fit, so I always check my activity. I don’t play, but I used to play tennis, but I don’t play anymore. So, you know I usually just walk, and some of the activities are a little more… obviously I’m teaching so teaching related activities, like checking Canvas and the email are mainly prevalent on my screen time. And of course, I read the newspaper because I need to stay connected at home. But over time I have realized that I don’t want to follow too much of the sports teams…I would just read the news over time. So, kind of that side…after you finish the productivity activity, such as preparing your class or checking the important emails and those things, after that, well sometimes I realize I spend some time reading those newspaper articles and following some Korean news. After that I follow the sports teams I would. TE: Do you have any favorite sports teams? HP: Yeah. Yeah. The Georgia teams…Bulldogs because I studied there and then I’ve been supporting them for 10 years. So, Bulldogs are my favorites. But sometimes I turn on the Braves baseball games since I was in…when I was in Korean, I would watch the Braves games before I came here. So, I followed them prior to moving here. TE: How did you follow the Braves from Korea? Did you use news apps? �HP: No. No, it was on TV. There’s a Korean, AFKM, something like that…America…AFKM…umm Armed Forces Korean Network. TE: Oh ok. HP: So, it kind of you know… TE: So, it just streams whatever games you want? HP: Yeah right. Right. So, you…it’s not public so if your close to some military base, then you can watch them because they broadcast them inside the American base. Not far away from it, I lived close, so you know we could watch probably kind of illegally. (Both chuckles) You weren’t supposed to watch but you can watch the American TV. I watched some baseball and football games from Korea. So of course, I wasn’t living in Georgia yet. (both laughing). TE: So, what important activities are not reflected in this information? HP: I think I’ve told everything, right? In here the activities are checking mail and messages mostly and then writing notes using notes to write some and create some notes for remarks for my bible study. That’s what I mainly do in here. But some other activities not recorded precisely in here, but in my MacBook Pro are to create some mathematical documents and to…read some newspapers because the phone is kind of small. Also, sometimes I watch and stream some videos through YouTube or YouTube TV, all on the MacBook Pro. TE: So now on to People. Can you look through your device to look at people you’ve been involved with in the past month? These can be people who you’ve contacted or contacted you. These can be phone records, text messages, emails, social media interactions, or video calls. HP: So yeah. Of course, obviously my favorite person to contact is my wife, if you look at my messages it's to mostly my wife and my friend and my son and daughter. I mean these days, not many people use messages anymore. Do you use this thing? (pointing to a specific app) TE: No. No, I’ve never heard of that. HP: It’s a Korean company, so a lot of Korean people have it. So KaKao Talk, it’s like a message app… TE: Oh ok. �HP: If you have a Korean friend, they might have it. TE: Oh, I’ll ask my friend. HP: Yeah right. So, like as you see, most of contacts are my friend that I am staying with during the weekdays. His house, which is empty during the weekday, they only use it over the weekend, I stay there on the weekdays. So, you can see here that that’s his house and I am also staying in the church choir. So, they send me all kinds of information. Here’s how we sang last weekend. And then…a good thing is you can talk in Korean, so our family…this is my wife’s family. They have a group chatting room. They call it Chatting Room. And then we get all of those information from them. Sometimes too much (both laugh). So that is that. And then…other ones are mostly me coordinating activities at the church, in this phone number. So that is going to be it. And then on the Notes…wait can you repeat the question again? TE: What kinds of apps do you use to communicate with people the most? HP: So, I think KaKao Talk is the most. Then obviously the email app. Then the phone and the messengers are the next one. But through KaKao Talk I can talk with friends and family members in Korean and some friends in the church and other places and then of course email is used mainly for school to communicate…. with the people I work with and students and some of that information I use. TE: How do you decide what mode of communication to use over the other? Do you use a specific form of communication for a particular situation? HP: I guess I don’t have any preference…I think I prefer to talk through the phone instead of the messages if possible. But sometimes people want to use messages over a phone conversation, but I guess that’s their opinion. I guess for the school activity I prefer email for obvious reasons, I think. I think that…and also…I respond to communication by whatever works with the other person. TE: What patterns do you notice in your interpersonal communication? HP: Communication? The patterns…that’s a good question…it's an important word used in math (both laugh) I don’t know if I see any patterns, its more random. TE: So, it’s whenever needed? �HP: Yeah! Right, right…whenever needed I do that…and I don’t…in fact I have reputation that I don’t respond. I don’t get a lot of phone calls a lot these days because I don’t respond to phone calls. (both laugh) TE: That’s okay neither do I. (both laugh) HP: So, if they have an important call, they will call my wife instead of me. (both chuckle) My wife, they give her messages, and then she will call me. So, then I will respond. So, it’s more random. I try to not get too involved with social networking because…uhhh…I try to…you know…not be disconnected…I don’t want to be disconnected but at the same time I don’t want to be involved in those and for obvious reasons. So, it’s more responsive if there is ever a need I will respond to whatever social network or whatever the things are, for more like…if there were a pattern that is my pattern. TE: That is probably the same for me. I don’t really…if you called, I probably wouldn’t answer. So, what important interactions are not reflected on your device? HP: Uhhh…well obviously the postings of meetings, right? They…I guess not…these days this (pointing to the phone) is everything. We don’t have any more landlines at home. So, there is no phone at home. So, the cellphone is the only device…mmhmm. TE: Even with meetings you reschedule with your phone. HP: Yeah right. Right. TE: So, looking at places. Can you look through your device to see what records you have of places you went during this past month? You can use records on your calendar, a mapping app such as Google Maps, location services data on your phone, or in location based social media apps such as Four Square or self-checking apps? HP: So, I am looking at Google Maps. I don’t know… (scrolling through Google Maps and trying to find latest locations) I mean I know in my head where I have been last, but I couldn’t find…but I think everything should be in the Google Maps because I always take find my phone with me…but I don’t know how to find it. Do you know how to use it? TE: Ummm…usually when you look at places. HP: No those are places. �TE: No, you can look at places like home and stuff. HP: So obviously places like my home, the place I stay, and then…if I… TE: You can look at activity saved. HP: Yeah there are many saved. Right there I have 56 places. Oh, wait here are favorites (pointing to screen). Oh, right there. That’s the place my wife goes. We have been a couple of times and then…I have no idea what this is…oh okay that is my son’s dentist…what is this? Oh yeah, I went to Starbucks obviously. So, if I can find that place, such as home, which is northwest Georgia, this place, Oxford College, and then the place I stay which is called **** it’s near Athens, GA. It’s about ten miles from Athens. TE: Oh, near University of Georgia! HP: Yeah. Yeah. That’s where I stay during the weekdays. TE: So, you drive there and back from… HP: Yeah. Yeah. It’s better than… TE: Oh, the two hours to Northwest Georgia. HP: I’ve driven home three times already. TE: Do you go home every weekend? HP: Yeah, I go home two or three times a week. I stay there the weekend. So that and then…on the way there are main places that I usually go. One of them is a Korean grocery store in Duluth. So, I go there and if traffic is busy, I will stay at a Starbuck near there. That’s why Starbucks is great. So, I usually stay there a little bit to wait a little for the traffic to get better. Yeah. Yeah. I like Starbucks. TE: Do you feel that Google Maps helps you on the traffic? HP: Yeah Google Maps really helps. So, I drive early in the morning but sometimes there is a lot of…construction now going on the highway. So sometimes you have no idea if you have to wait an hour. Last Monday, the Google Maps said you have to wait 45 min and then it suggested a �roundabout route. So, I usually turn on the Google Maps and then turn it off because it uses battery. So, if something happens, I will turn on the Google Maps and then I realize I can turn around or wait there for 45 min. Something like that. So, I usually turn on the Google Maps even when I don’t need it. But if anything happens, I can change my plans. So, I usually use Google Maps a lot and I think it's very helpful. TE: Do any of these apps specifically track your movement? I’m assuming yes. HP: Yeah. I’m not sure…I think it tracks my movement as long as I use Google Maps. It definitely tracks whether I want it or not. Definitely more than I think. TE: Do you use any apps to check into places? Like you can use Yelp to check into a place. HP: No. No. Google Maps is the only one I use. TE: Do you have location services turned on in your phone or Google Maps? HP: I think so. TE: What patterns do you notice in your movement from place to place? HP: I don’t really see any patterns. I just…just as I described before. I really only go to those three places mainly and then in between I stop by some Korean grocery or someplace I can stay a little bit like a Starbucks or Panera. Those are mainly the places I go. So, there is not much…I guess that is mainly the pattern. It’s not a very complex pattern. TE: How did you first learn to navigate to new locations? HP: I mean in the past you used the maps. You had to study it a lot and write down on the physical maps when traveling and then you have to write down every stop you want and the important…streets and numbers. So, you write down with your hand on the map. And then of course I have a lot…many interesting memories about the maps. I mean even if you write it, you’ve never been there and it’s not going to be the same as the map says. So, when you get there, you will see something different and you have to, you know, improvise yourself to find the places you need to go. (both laughing) You know I’ve had many hot discussions with my wife about going this way but no this way. But now all of this is gone. (both laugh) TE: Yeah now you know definitively that it is that way or the other way. �HP: Yeah right. Right. (Laughs) Now it says everything. You don’t need a map anymore. It’s good. (Laughs) TE: What important places or navigational practices are reflected in your device? HP: Still. Still, I have maps so I kind of, you know, on the phone it is very small. But if I wanted to look at a big picture, kind of, to make a big travel plan, I still use the big map. So, I can kind of see the general, kind of, direction, even though I use the Google Maps or navigation systems. They are not perfect. They can give you some wrong information sometimes. Like two years ago, we were traveling Canada and were stopping by a place to visit my friends. So that was uhh…we were driving late evening, it was close to midnight. We were following the navigation and then…I realized what the navigation said was different from what I was driving. It said I was going this way, but I wasn’t. I wasn’t driving on the main highway but the road beside the highway. TE: So, a road parallel? HP: Right. Right, parallel. So...so, but what the navigation wanted me to do was to drive that highway, obviously not the road I was on. But it still said I was on the right road. So, I kind of kept checking until we realized the navigation was directing us into the dead end. (Both chuckling) TE: So, you had to turn all the way around? HP: Yeah right, we had to go back, back down that road, or something like that. So, you have to have a bigger plan when you go to some unknown place. I guess that happens, I realize that happens. When that happens in a rural area, it is difficult to update. But sometimes the app updates even before that happens. But the worst is when they plan a new road and they incorrectly input the new road, which is not there yet, into the navigation system, especially those in rural areas. But when you travel more in one area, sometimes you may come to such problems. So, you have to have a big picture of where you go. So, when I make a travel plans, I still use it. Of course, now with a computer, I use a bigger Google Maps. I just look at the maps to look at the big picture. So, when that happens, you can go back and then do whatever you need. TE: So now on to media, which you try to avoid. But can you look through your device to see what records you have of media you used in the past month? This could be social media posts, �texts, photos, music videos, TV shows, movies and games you might have used to or listened to. Or these are things you could have created or distributed. HP: I’ve never created social media things. I check Facebook, especially my family members’ postings from Korea. Typically, my brothers, brother in law, sister….it keeps us connected. So, I make sure I check because they are from Korea. So, I get to see what they are doing. But I only check…I am mainly active on Facebook for that. I follow some of the other people. But I mainly only check for those three. But KaKao Talk is the main one. It’s kind of like social media because you can post. Not only message but you can post pictures and also you can, well actually, you can make a phone call or video chat there. So, you can actually call someone in Korea without any charge because it is through KaKao Talk. Obviously, I check it daily. I also check the email system often, quite often as I can. I guess the only thing I generate of content would be writing an email, such as writing to my students, and posting the notes to Canvas. That’s the only media I generate. I also watch YouTube quite a lot, especially Korean news. It’s not the actual time, but they post those news about a half day difference. So, I can watch Korean news maybe…10 or 12 hours after it is broadcasted because of time difference. They will post it on YouTube. But based on the time I watch…I guess it is 24 hours difference, I will watch the important Korean news. But now especially, there is a lot of Korean news coming up. And as I just told you, I watch YouTube TV, especially Braves games to check if the Braves are doing well, so Braves Games, and the Georgia Bulldogs games, the football games. Those are things I do on the media. Did I miss anything? TE: No, I think you are good. HP: Oh wait. What activities I usually use these days, what I forgot to tell you, but not only do I use Google Maps, but because I am using those busy roads, so I use the toll roads, so I watch those toll roads. But I use Google Maps to determine if I will use the toll roads. They are very convenient for the morning or late afternoon. TE: So, is there any media that you use the most out of all the types of media that you use? HP: I guess email is the one I use the most. Probably the next one is YouTube because of the time. I watch Korean news shows, which is 15 min to one hour. So, if I have a lot of time, I will watch the full hour. So, email is the most out of the media I use. But I don’t know if you consider that media, I don’t know. It is media, I guess, right? TE: Mmhhmm. HP: Yeah. Yeah right. YouTube is next…yeah...yeah. YouTube TV is what I use to watch these �games. It’s what I use a couple times a week. I guess I will watch something tonight, maybe the Bulldogs first game. (laughs) TE: Do you have any strategies for storing your media? HP: Strategies? I’m not sure about that question. (both laugh) TE: How do you organize your media? HP: Obviously, I mean, I know what I want to do, but sometimes when I watch Korean news, it is a time consuming. I mean of course I get good information and a good thing about watching through YouTube is that you can skim though the what news content you want and then you can skip what you aren’t interested in. So obviously I want to save my time, but I want to get some information through those medias, but there is a lot of unwanted information, so I try to avoid that. So instead of watching the news in real time, I like watching on YouTube. It is nice because you can skip some of the content. Unless YouTube…you don’t get to watch on the actual time. Sometimes watching on the actual time is nicer, especially sports games, it is much different watching it later at a recorded time. But I will watch the recorded games, or specific clips that I want. So, I guess my strategy is to try to spend minimal time on these medias, but try to get as much information as I wanted. If that is a strategy, that is it. TE: Do you have any strategies to protect your privacy on media? HP: That’s a good question. I keep thinking about it…so…yeah, I do…I try to put minimal information on media. I used to…one of my students who studied with me…a few years ago, when my Facebook was hacked, all these weird emails were sent to the people I was connected with. He contacted me and told me that my Facebook was hacked, and I should do such and such things. It was nice. So yeah…but after that I don’t post that much information. But also, once…some place my credit card information was stolen by someone. So, I had a couple of those security issues encountered in the past. I try to minimize…I try to give my information as minimally as I can. But sometimes you have to give some information to get some service convenience, but you try to possess as much security as you can. Like on Google, I mean sometimes on Google, it’s a little annoying, when I make a Google accounts, I put 2 or 3 other ones to log into one device with my password. So, when I log into other devices, such as my phone and computer, I make sure that I log in again. I make sure it asks for an authentication every time. So, I try to do that with all of my accounts. I want to make sure its secure, even if it's annoying to have log in multiple times. I mean passwords are an annoying thing. You change a password now, but you will forget all the passwords combinations and then you are out of all �possible combinations you can memorize. But you should try to keep updating those passwords as much as I can regularly. TE: Yeah, I mean I use like one password. (both laugh) HP: But if you have such experience sometime later, it might happen. So…its mathematics but the storage coding is not…it takes time but you…it can be broken. Someone will break it eventually. If you have enough time…it will happen. So, you should not use the same password because the security system…overtime…as clever as the hacker can be, your password can be easily hacked. It takes time, but every sys tem can be hacked. So, you need to make sure. I mean you cannot control everything, but you can make the situation the best you can. I know it is annoying, but you should find some way to make a different password that is easily memorizable but also not easily hackable. TE: So, onto the last section. How did you start using digital technologies? How has your relationship grown with it throughout your lifetime? HP: So of course, I started using it…the computer to…produce and write a document, I mean especially the school requires Latex to create mathematical documents. That is how I started studying math. Then I started using those more portable device, kind of reading device, so I had three Kindles. Three different generations of Kindles. But then I changed to iPad. So, the main activities I forgot to mention was reading. Recently I don’t…the reason I have this one is for reading (points to large screen eBook). It’s really nice and uhhh…especially if you read a lot. So, kind of the next activity was reading. I needed a portable device, which is really nice. You don’t have to carry as many devices. You can carry the one device, which can carry hundreds of books. So that’s kind of how I learned. So, one way is trying to create mathematical documents using the device I needed and the next one is to read some books and things without carrying too many books with that device. TE: Out of the activities you described, what was the most complex to learn? So out of the different languages or activities, such as Google Maps. What was the most difficult to learn? HP: I don’t know. I mean…most of the…I mean I’ve been using these for a long time and I have become very comfortable with them and I never found that much difficulty. I mean sometimes Google Maps is not very intuitive, so that…some things like that…I just look at what is difficult. I mean if it's difficult it is difficult, but I never found it to be difficult. But sometimes with using different devices, kind of, it’s difficult to coordinate all of those…if generate hundreds and hundreds of documentss, it's not difficult, but challenging to organize all of it. I mean you can say that is pretty difficult. �TE: What digital skills do you think you need to operate in the professional world? Like what skills do you need to be a professional? HP: I guess it…depends…I think…as a math professor, I guess obviously, every math or physicist…Latex is an essential skill to create a mathematical document. I think that it is… TE: Do you think that coding is an intricate part in being a professional today? HP: I don’t think so. It’s important but not… TE: You mean that you don’t need it? HP: It could be important but depending on…I mean some…yes…I know some mathematics professors use coding to solve some certain problems, but usually not. TE: So, the last question. Would you describe yourself as digitally literate? HP: Yes. Yes. I try to, as you see, use all different kinds of devices, but I know how to use them, even… Not really the first year, but the second year, I got the original iPad and started using it. I tried to use different aspects as I could. I think…it’s sometimes too much to use too many devices for all different things, but it is kind of fun and also, it's nice to use different devices. TE: So, part of our Discovery Seminar is trying to define the meaning of being digitally literate. How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? HP: It’s not about coding, but it is about, depending on their need, so…they…I would describe someone digitally literate that whenever they need the information, they need these days, they have plenty of places, digitally, where they can find the information that they need, which if it is digitally literate. TE: So basically, if you have problem, you can use technology to find the answer. HP: So yeah. Not everything but as they needed. They can do what they need digitally. I think that should be…if you know everything…that’s not possible to know everything, but they can do what they want digitally. I think that is what it means to be digitally literate. TE: So, are there any other questions? �HP: No. (both laugh) TE: Thank you for letting me interview you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Tracy Eng Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dr. Heunggi Park Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 15 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born South Korea Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Korean-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Korean Occupation Professor Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 1 year Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since 1996 Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity HTML, C, Latex, PHP Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Mathematics Professor About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #13 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an oral interview with Dr. Heunggi Park, an Asian male of 53 years old. The interview included questions about his past experiences with digital technology and how these technologies have affected his daily life events. Dr. Park is a visiting assistant professor at Oxford College of Emory University in the mathematics department. He is originally from South Korea but moved to study and work at the University of Georgia prior to teaching at Oxford. He uses technology quite frequently to create math tests using Latex and Mat lab. Initially, Dr. Park chose to use his Microsoft Surface Pro tablet for the interview, but decided to switch to use his iPhone 7 in the beginning of the interview. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English C HTML Korean-American Latex PHP professor