1 10 31 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/3871c7855790088f2d69ffdee2f38d9b.pdf 22a7af1ebc094efcff3a63dafeb8e8ca PDF Text Text 1 Interview with a Basketball Coach About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #15 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Bill conducted by JJ Halaby, whose goal is to obtain insights into the way Bill uses digital technologies. He is a man in his late 60s from Kentucky and now resides in Oxford, GA. He coaches basketball at Oxford College of Emory University. JJ Halaby is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was born outside of Baltimore, Maryland. His major is Business Administration/Management and he aspires to be either a sports agent or a general manager. His goal in this interview is to document generational uses of and relationships with digital technologies at a moment in history when we still have access to those considered “digital natives.” He also seeks to complicate the public’s understanding of the digital natives/immigrant metaphor through a public oral history archive. Transcript JJ Halaby: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely—e.g., your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month (such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions) and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions?” Bill: Not really, I think I’m good. JH: To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a �2 calendar app, for example, or in a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media, or in a journaling app. Ok I’m doing that JH: Ok, so um, first question, what apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? B: Normally, I use…well certainly I use my Samsung S9. That’s the main device that I use. My back-up is my personal computer, which I think is a Toshiba. So yeah, I use the calendar, the Samsung calendar, and I sync everything into that on my phone. JH: Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? And then of those, which are most significant? B: Yea main activities, um, well certainly as a men’s basketball coach here at the school: Practices, meetings, for instance this one-on-one interview. Those things are important. Also family get-togethers. I have three children, six grand-children. We stay pretty busy with that. Uh…worship. I am a member of a local church body here so I’ve got lots of things going on through the church. So yeah, my faith, my family, and here at school are probably the main things I run my activities through. JH: And then are there any important activities not reflected in information on your device? B: That’s a great question. Uh, normally I either plan by putting it in there or I remain flexible and I something comes up, I do go back and put it in either there or in my notes. Which again is the Samsung notes, just to let me know what dates and what took place. For instance, a couple of days ago I had activities with our men’s basketball team and I put in there things I need to know about the van and I took who was in my van, how long the activities lasted… things of that nature. JH: Next section is about people. So, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or who contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social media interactions, or your video calls (such as Skype or FaceTime). Please provide roles or relationship names (such as mother, father, boss, co-worker) rather than people’s proper names. What apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with other people? �3 B: And your right on it, I’ve got a parent that lives near where I was born, she’s elderly, so I get back in touch with her and her family. And of course I communicate with my ball players; usually that’s via text message. That’s what they prefer through my phone. Emails are a big part of professionalism through my job. So communicating with coworkers and colleagues is usually via email. And believe it or not, I do talk on the phone. I receive and/or make phone calls. I like that verbal contact. I do recruiting for this school, so I try to contact the recruits on the phone. I will submit, though, that 8/10 times they will not answer the phone, so I end up having to text so we communicate that way. I did have a thing called messenger, through Facebook. Normally on Facebook I don’t use that to communicate much other then I like something. I try not to be, I’m not very social on there. But I got rid of the messenger because I can do everything I really feel like I need to do though the phone, and through messages, and through email. JH: So basically, you don’t have any apps that you use to communicate with other people other than the stuff that’s already on the phone? B: That’s right. I know about twitter. I know about one of the new stuff, but I don’t really utilize it. But I’m older so… JH: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? Do you use particular modes of communication for particular situations? B: I do, I do. I think email, business to business, professional to professional. I think they prefer that. Plus I’ve got a record, it forces me to express myself, and to write things that are punctually correct. Text I sometimes use shortcuts, and that more of a personal nature, maybe between family or friends. So yes I do. JH: And then what important interactions with people are not reflected in the information on your device? B: Well, the conversations that I have. Although, if it is an important conversation, I will make a note of it on my phone. But nine times out of ten if it’s an important conversation, and it’s not of a private nature, I like to have a third person with me to confirm every word. So yeah, that form of communication. JH: Part four is places. So, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as FourSquare, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. �4 B: I use Google maps, pretty much primarily. And I am big on, whenever I go somewhere, for instance, me and my wife went to a resort in Florida recently. Uh, we went to two restaurants in two or three days, and I am big on doing the reviews, the do them through Google. I am a top producer for reviews. So I do have Google maps that will let me know a footprint of everywhere I’ve been, and what we’ve done, publicly. JH: Do you use any apps or programs to discover new locations? For example, say you are in Florida, are they any apps you use to find a new food place? B: Well usually I would speak into my Google, and ask them “what are the top 5 restaurants within 20 min?” They’ll usually let me know. So that’s kinda what I use, mostly Google. JH: Do you have apps that track your movement, or use location services for them? B: What now? JH: Do you have any apps that track your movement, besides Google maps? B: Yeah I’m sure some of the apps have cookies, where they’ll find out where I’m at and what my location is. And I don’t mind, I do allow that. And I don’t have a lot of apps on my phone, I don’t utilize the play store much. I don’t play games, on my phone. JH: How did you first learn to navigate these different maps? B: When I first bought my new phone, the lady at the Verizon store went over it. She probably took 45 minutes with me, to go over things with me on my phone. It really helped me. And then my head coach here, where I work, has always had a Samsung as well. So he and his son have always been very helpful. JH: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your phone? B: Uh… could you give me an example? I think it pretty much tells mileage, exact location, times. JH: Yeah so basically if you have the Google maps on at all times, you wouldn’t have any. B: I wouldn’t have any problem. I think it tells everything on here. JH: Part 5: media. I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the past month. For this section, I am interested in social media �5 posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played . . . or that you yourself have created and distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. You might have records of your media use in your browser history, your Google Search history, your Netflix history, your YouTube history, and in your social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or Snapchat). B: I use Facebook daily, and so does my wife. We have a joint account. News media, I stay away from the tv news. I use One America News online. Its unbiased, very objective. I like it like that so I can make up my own mind. JH: Yeah. B: Um…I’m trying to think of what else you kinda asked. JH: What about entertainment media like Netflix or things like that B: Oh actually I am looking into this thing called Roku. It comes with my cable, saves me a little bit of money and gives me some access to free movies and family entertainment. I do that. I use YouTube online. And I use Spotify to make playlists. JH: Do you have any examples of media that you produce or alter in any sort of way? B: Well, yea I guess me and my wife do because sometimes we use our cameras and we’ll do maybe a 2 minute with our grandchildren. So yeah we’ve got some thinks that we keep that we will produce and store on our phones. JH: What patterns do you notice in your media use? B: Well, I look at One America News pretty much a number of times during the day. JH: So you don’t look at any other forms of news? B: Uh, I’ve got people that I follow. Like one man I know is an economist, probably in his 70s. I love him, I love what he writes. I don’t think that today’s people like him much, but I do. I think he’s really sharp and he’s got a good handle on things. I mean I could name a number of different people. But yea, I’ve got certain people that I follow. Being a biblical Christian, I like somebody who has more of a legal stance, they pattern themselves. They’re writers and authors. And it’s a diverse group. I’ve got a guy that from India. He’s brilliant. I’ve got a handful of black �6 men, but I don’t think they’re well received by their communities. But they’re really sharp, good guys that really have a handle on life. And I like to watch their videos on YouTube. JH: Tell me about your strategies for storing media. B: Eh… I don’t really store that stuff. I don’t really save it or try to save it. I am, though, really big on saving pictures, so we’ve got a cloud that we store things on. JH: Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage. B: Well I think that we’ve got an agreement with that cloud through, I wanna say that’s Google. It’s supposed to be protected, I hope it is. JH: And then, in this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. How did you start using digital technologies? How has your relationship with it changed over time? B: Yeah, I was kinda, being an older fella, forced to do it because that was the way of the world and that was the way it was heading. My big thing was a day-timer, have you ever heard of that? JH: Nah what’s that? B: A day-timer was actually a black ink on white paper calendar that you kept. It was a book that you kept with you to put your appointments in there, phone numbers. You logged everything alphabetically and by date. But it just got so cumbersome. And when they came out with the cellphone and cellular technology, the industry I was previously in, which was contraction, I had my own business, was the best way to communicate with vendors as well as customers. So that kinda drove me that way. I’m really not proficient. There apps on this phone and things I’m sure that would help me and make things easier or better but I’m a dinosaur. I get used to certain things and if it functions and it works then I am not big on changing. Unless someone comes in my life saying “you can do this,” and they show me and help me. It takes me a while to get used to it, that’s about the only way that I can grow. As a matter of fact, I got something today that said “Coach, you’ve got this tweet handle, why don’t you use it?” All I know is what you put out there, they call it the world wide web for a reason and I want to be careful that what comes out of my mouth from my head, I can feel good about it. I’m not the smartest guy, so I usually refrain from doing so. JH: Of the activities you have described so far, which were the most complex for you to learn? �7 B: I don't know if there’s anything complex. Like I said I don’t really do anything that real complex. I actually went to a class today about video conferencing. This is where you actually use your phone and can have a video conference with people on different devices, where everyone can communicate and still see each other. I got the gist of it, but I’ll have to go back another time to figure out how to do it. But I don’t utilize it much s I don’t think there is anything too difficult. JH: Do you feel that you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional environment? B: I do. I think I do. I think I could get better at it, but my job doesn’t require a lot so I’m able to deal with it. JH: And same thing for personal context? B: I think that my best gift. I think communicating and listening and getting a feel for people, discerning, and I enjoy verbal one-on-one, I do like that. I think I am proficient enough to know when to text or email. JH: How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? B: Illiterate or literate? JH: Literate. B: I admire them, but I would caution them. Be careful because…I’ll give you an example. When we went to Florida, we went to a restaurant and saw, I think it was two families sit at a table maybe nine feet from us. And they had probably been seated and maybe a minute had gone by, but everyone was sitting there looking at their phones. And the kids ranged from 4 or 5 to 16 maybe with grown-ups as well. Me and my wife said “You know what, they’re away and they’ve got a family outing and still they’re talking to people who aren’t there meanwhile they’re loved ones are right next to them. So you’ve got to be careful about that. Sometimes I think it will weaken our verbal skills, our interpersonal reactions, make us, you know. And you need to use those. Hearing the inflection of your voice lets me know the emotion that behind what you’re saying and a text can’t do that. JH: Yeah in our class we’ve talked about how this generation now is not as good at verbal communication because of the use of technology. �8 B: And yet on the other side, they’re very efficient on a lot of different technology, and that’s good. JH: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? B: Yes, I’d say I’m literate. I use that in the context of if someone were to ask me if I had a literate command of the English language. Can I get by? Can I communicate? Can I buy and sell? And I can, so I think that I’m ok. Yes. JH: Is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there anything that I should’ve asked that I didn’t? B: No I think you were very thorough. It sounds like a good class and I think you did a good job. JH: Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview JJ Halaby Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bill Location The location of the interview Oxford College of Emory University Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 8 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Kentucky Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1956-1960 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity White Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Basketball coach Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 24 years Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity None Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. smartphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Samsung S9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Basketball Coach About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource This is an oral interview with Bill conducted by JJ Halaby, whose goal is to obtain insights into the way Bill uses digital technologies. He is a man in his late 60s from Kentucky and now resides in Oxford, GA. He coaches basketball at Oxford College of Emory University. JJ Halaby is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He was born outside of Baltimore, Maryland. His major is Business Administration/Management and he aspires to be either a sports agent or a general manager. His goal in this interview is to document generational uses of and relationships with digital technologies at a moment in history when we still have access to those considered “digital natives.” He also seeks to complicate the public’s understanding of the digital natives/immigrant metaphor through a public oral history archive. https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/797ccc17d5de4f83508da15f2801a7f3.jpeg ba56c6f373a00061f22080039f9c8d41 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/b1e5c1d473cbcddcae061303728f8b2a.pdf 8198c9b11332123e04b27c7a68063314 PDF Text Text Interview with a New Yorker About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #15 – Post-1980 Birthdate September 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is originally from New York, NY and born between 1996 and 2000. She is a Chinese American citizen who speaks both English and Cantonese. The interview included questions about her experiences and development of skills using digital technologies. As a bilingual student, she is often found Snapchatting her friends or using WeChat to communicate with her Cantonese speaking relatives. She elected to use her iPhone 8 for the interview. For confidentiality purposes, the interviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters MC. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Transcript TE: So, I've already taken a picture of your device, but is there anything that you'd like to tell me about why you chose this device? MC: It’s the device that I'm most on like almost all the time. It's the device that I feel like I get to use it the most to its fullest potential, whereas compared to my laptop I'm not using it in a way to its fullest extent. TE: That's cool! I can totally relate. So, can you look at records of activities that you were involved in this past month? These might be records of activities such as a calendar app, to-do list, or invitations to events on social media. What apps or programs do you use to record these activities? MC: I use the Apple calendar because it syncs up with my laptop. During course selection, I used numbers to ensure that my classes didn't interfere with each other and it also created an outline of my schedule. It was very helpful for formatting. �TE: Yeah. I should have done that. I scheduled one class where there's 5 minutes in between the next class. MC: Really? How do you manage? TE: It’s the course Learning to Lead, but luckily the person who teaches it is in my class before so he moved the class back 5 minutes. But back to you, based on what you see on your device, what were your main activities during this past month? MC: I've been watching a lot of Netflix, using Snapchat, and checking my emails a lot. TE: Sorry I think you're misunderstanding the question. The question means: what kind of activities like physical activities you are involved in? MC: Oh okay! School. School…mostly school. Chuckles TE: Laughs as well. Is there a class that is most significant to you based on your calendar? MC: Not really. I mean the app helps me keep on track of Ox Studies because it helps me know what, where and when I should go to certain events. It allows me to schedule for the next days and week. It also allows me to keep on track of interviews because it is club interview season. TE: So, what patterns do you notice in these activities? MC: I don't really do anything on the weekdays. Chuckles I mean I don't really have a consistent schedule. I haven't had a consistent weekend where I’ve done something one weekend and then repeated it the next. Everything has been different. Like it seems like you do laundry on the weekends. I do laundry whenever. So, I need to figure out a routine. TE: Are there any activities that are not reflected in your calendar? MC: No not really. If anyone were to spy on me and had access to my calendar, they would be easily able to find me and know what I'm doing. Besides that, I really like the Calendar app because it helps me remember what I have to do on Saturdays and throughout the weekend. TE: Interesting. So now we are going to move on the category of people. Can you look through your device and see what records you have on what people and relationships you have been in- �volved with? For example you may see records of people who have contacted you or you contacted them. This may be phone calls, text messages, emails, FaceTime calls, or social media interaction. Use roles or relationship names rather than their proper names. MC: For Facetime, I called a friend back at home a couple of times. For text messages, I have contacted a couple of friends here. But I still feel like I am in the point where I am still exchanging phone numbers and am at the point of “Hey this is MC!” or “Oh great this is blah blah” so I have been sending those type of messages. I am on snapchat a lot to keep up to date with friends at home. And Streaks (Both chuckle). On Instagram, it’s so nice to finally get to see the people I have been following for a while in person. TE: Yeah! I agree. MC: For calls, I call my grandma every Saturday. That’s about it. I should be on WeChat more because my parents send me voice audios. But I don’t really like Wechat. So, when I get voice audios I will typically call my dad back. TE: WeChat. Laughs MC: Do you have a WeChat? TE: Nope. Someone asked me yesterday and I was like “Nope, I’m not cool enough.” (Both laugh). So, moving on, how do you decide what form of communication to use? MC: If it’s an emergency I will text. It just depends on...mmm let me think. TE: So, for like a basic question of “How was your day?” what would you do? MC: Oh! For things like that, I will just text. So, I guess for an emergency, I will call. Then if it’s just for something like “Oh this just happened to me!” then I would take a snap, like a streaks snap. TE: What patterns do you notice in your interpersonal communication on your device? MC: Patterns? Oh, when I wake up, I check Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Email, like while eating breakfast. Then throughout the day, I will do the same thing during lunch. I also will check my email occasionally throughout the day. Then posting wise, I don’t really post that much. �TE: Same. MC: I don’t like to post. TE: Am I following you on Instagram? Pretty sure. It’s (MC’s Instagram handle), right? MC: Yeah. Laughs TE: So, what important interactions with people are not reflected on your device? MC: Study sessions. Umm… TE: What exactly do you mean? MC: It’s hard to study for math over text or like...so I like meeting up with people to discuss things face to face. I don’t record or take pictures when I am hanging out with people. I just like hanging out. TE: See my friends and I snapchat each other from across the room. So, it’s good. Chuckles MC: Good documentation. Laughs TE: Yeah, it’s definitely time well spent. Laughing. So now we are going to move into the category of place. Can you look through your device to see what records of places you went during this past month? You can use places on your calendar, navigation services such as Google maps, location services such as on your phone, location based social media or self-check apps such as used in fitness apps. So, what apps do you use? MC: Yesterday, I searched Murdy Hall because I was going to order food with a friend. But those plans didn’t fully go through. I really wanted pizza but I know it’s going to be a letdown because I am from New York. TE: Same. I have been also really wanting pizza. Chuckles MC: I also searched Sweet Hut because it’s been a while since I had Asian food. TE: Same. I went to Duluth yesterday for that reason. �MC: I was also really bored and decided to look at what there is to do around here. I also used Lyft because I don’t know how to drive. So usually I take the shuttle to main campus but Lyft to like Sweet Hut. TE: Well, if you ever want to get Asian food, let me know. MC: Do you ever miss Asian food? TE: Yes, that’s why I really wanted to go to Duluth yesterday. MC: I’ve been missing noodles, like I really want something soupy such as ramen or pho. TE: Moving on because we are really off topic. Both laugh Do you use any apps or services to navigate to locations? MC: Yes, usually Google Maps. TE: Did you put Murdy Hall into Google Maps? MC: Yes. Laughs. But not because I didn’t know how to walk there, but because I wanted to see the number of the address. TE: Ok. Chuckling. Do you use any apps to track your movement? MC: Uh not really. I mean I use SnapMap but for only one person. Like my friend got annoyed that I wasn’t on it. TE: You can do that? MC: Yeah you just select only these friends. So, I only have one person. I don’t really want the whole world knowing where I am. Oh, and Apple Maps I don’t really use that often. TE: Do you use these apps to check into places? MC: No. I mean I know people who check into Yelp to get higher Yelp scores. I also know that some places will give you a free drink if you check into a place. TE: I don’t know I think it’s creepy. �MC: Yeah. I completely agree. That’s why I don’t really use it. It’s also annoying. TE: Do you have location services turned on in your phone or Google Maps? MC: It’s on in Google Maps all of the time. But if I need to send a friend my location through a text, I will turn the location settings for my phone, but otherwise I will have it off. TE: So, what patterns do you notice in the places you visited or moved from place to place? MC: I don’t think there is really much pattern. I mean I’m still discovering and exploring places around Oxford. TE: How did you first learn how to navigate to new places? MC: When I was younger my grandpa always brought me places. Before we went anywhere we would look at the MTA map. We would draw out an idea of what circles we would have to get to and from. So, we would always use paper maps. But when I got older, my grandpa drew out a little map to show me what trains to take and what stops to get on and off. When I was growing up, I never really used Google Maps, it was mainly paper because that’s what my Grandpa knew how to use. TE: That’s interesting. My grandpa would kind of do the same thing, where he would navigate something on MapQuest online but then print it out. I always thought it was weird. MC: My grandpa had a paper map of all the streets in Manhattan. I tried to teach him how to use Google Maps, but he claimed he liked his map better even though I had taught him how to use the technology. I mean it was a big piece of paper. I don’t understand. Laughs. TE: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected on your device? I assume that it’s probably you and your grandpa’s use of paper maps. MC: Yeah definitely, paper maps are not on my device. But since we are now in a new place, I wouldn’t even try using a paper map here at Oxford. TE: Same. I’m not even sure where you would find one. Both laugh TE: Are there any apps that you use to discover new places? �MC: I sometimes use Eventbrite or when Facebook tells you what is going on around you, I will use that. TE: So, moving on to Media. MC: Oh, I use Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. I mean I also use WeChat and I post things on there but I only use it so that my grandparents are up-to-date on what's going on with me but it's never stuff that I would post on Facebook or Instagram. I don't know if it would be good enough to post on Instagram or Facebook. TE: Yeah same. I don't really like posting either. Do you prefer any of these apps over the other? MC: I usually prefer Facebook over all of them. Because, as I said before, they have events. It's like combining everything into one app. But lately I have been liking Instagram more. Maybe it has to do with the visuals. TE: Yeah! I agree. Also, because of the Instagram stories, like Snapchat, you can see what other people are doing in that instant. Based on what you see on your device, is there any social media that you create the most? MC: I don't really create things. I mean I wish I could edit videos. It's definitely something I would like to learn how to do. TE: Are there any examples of social media that are most significant to you? MC: I guess I really like Snapchat because I like contacting people that I haven't seen in a month. With streaks, I don't miss people as much because for the past month or so we've been sending each other one liners. We know that we still exist. It’s just the easiest and fastest form of communication. Chuckles TE: So, moving from that, do you produce or alter any form of social media? MC: Not really. I mean even with photos, I don’t know how to edit them. I really wish I could edit photos. TE: Same I don't post enough to know or learn how to do it. Are there any patterns in your social media use? �MC: I guess it's the whole breakfast and lunch pattern where I check my social media. TE: Do you check it during dinner? MC: Yeah. I guess it's the whole three meal thing, but overall I just check it whenever I am bored. TE: Interesting. I would say the same for myself. Is there any way that you store media in particular? MC: I only really store photos, but when it gets to too much, I will transfer it to a USB, but I don't really do this too often. TE: Do you share this media with others in specific ways? MC: Not really. Aside from occasionally posting, I am not that active on social media. TE: Can you tell me about any strategies that you use to ensure your privacy on social media? MC: For Facebook Messenger, I keep locations off because I do not want it sent or I don't want people to know where I'm texting from. For Snapchat, I don't like using the filters because I don't like people knowing my location unless it's really cool. TE: Is there any form media that is not reflected in the information on your device? This would include reading physical newspapers, listening to the radio, watching television, playing videos games or any other examples. MC: Even with reading newspapers, I will read it on my phone. So no, not really. TE: How did you start using digital technology? How has your relationship grown throughout your lifetime? MC: I watched a lot of television as a kid but I never started using the computer until elementary school and it wasn’t until after I took a couple of computer classes that were a part of my school day. Since then I've been continually using it. TE: Of the activities that you've described so far, what form of digital technology was the most complex for you to learn? �MC: Microsoft Excel, I feel that it is very confusing. But now that I'm more familiar with it, I feel that it is pretty easy to use. I still wish I could learn how to budget my money using Microsoft Excel. TE: Same I would like to learn how to balance my finances using Excel. Where did you learn how to use these complex digital technologies? MC: It was always in a school setting, like for Microsoft PowerPoint, we would learn how to use it to record voices, but through the computer games we played in school, so I never felt like I have learned anything. TE: Can you tell me about any activities that you wish you knew how to do? MC: I would have to say coding and how to use Excel in a more complex away. I would also like to learn how to edit videos. TE: Why do you wish you knew how to complete these tasks? MC: I feel that it would save me a lot of time in future activities and it's very applicable in many settings. TE: Do you feel that you need these skills to work effectively in today's society? MC: I feel that to function in today's society you definitely have to know how to use Microsoft Word and PowerPoint and also how to write professional emails. TE: Laughs. I think they should have a course that teaches these things. Going from that, what skills should a digitally literate person be defined as having? MC: I think it is someone who has the ability to see something wrong with digital technology and be able to fix it without asking for help. I think that is what it means to be digitally literate. TE: Do you think that you are digitally literate? MC: No. I often forget how to do basic things on the computer. For example, I keep forgetting how to take a basic screenshot of my computer screen and I keep having to look it up. TE: Because you don’t consider yourself digitally literate, what else would you like to learn? �MC: I would like to become more comfortable with the shortcuts on my keyboard. I also want to learn various terms used. For instance, when buying a laptop, someone who is digitally literate would know exactly what they want and how to buy a particular system. If I were to buy a new laptop, I would not exactly know what to do. TE: Is there anything else you would like me to know? MC: No. I think the questions were pretty thorough. But I think people who build their own computers are pretty insane too. TE: That’s very true. MC: It’s like being literate with digital technologies on a whole different level. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Tracy Eng Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed MC (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides New York, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born New York, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Chinese Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Working Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Cantonese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since 5th grade Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 4th grade Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a New Yorker About Her Experiences with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #15 - Post-1980 Interview This is an oral interview with a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is originally from New York, NY and born between 1996 and 2000. She is a Chinese American citizen who speaks both English and Cantonese. The interview included questions about her experi- ences and development of skills using digital technologies. As a bilingual student, she is often found Snapchatting her friends or using WeChat to communicate with her Cantonese speaking relatives. She elected to use her iPhone 8 for the interview. For confidentiality purposes, the in- terviewee’s name has been replaced with the letters MC. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Chinese-American college student iPhone post-1980 birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/47e77c0b8b628b21027859191c553be9.pdf 465740c54d2a6c839bcd314c7dc4e576 PDF Text Text Interview with a Mathematics Professor About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #13 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Dr. Heunggi Park, an Asian male of 53 years old. The interview included questions about his past experiences with digital technology and how these technologies have affected his daily life events. Dr. Park is a visiting assistant professor at Oxford College of Emory University in the mathematics department. He is originally from South Korea but moved to study and work at the University of Georgia prior to teaching at Oxford. He uses technology quite frequently to create math tests using Latex and Mat lab. Initially, Dr. Park chose to use his Microsoft Surface Pro tablet for the interview, but decided to switch to use his iPhone 7 in the beginning of the interview. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Transcript TE: Can you tell me why you chose to use this device? HP: So…I’m still using this device, but I use the iPad Pro more and I think that the one thing is the portability of the iPad is good, but sometimes I couldn’t ehh do some computation like running Latex, which is mostly I do to make some mathematical document. And there is some problem in the iPad which is not really sufficient, so I was looking for something portable at the same time that I could use Latex ehhh…to compile. I guess sometimes…so it looks like Surface Pro at the time is good and I got a good deal for the device, so I decided to buy it. But the problem is that I haven’t used this device for a while and I picked up this one last yesterday because I forgot to bring my MacBook (chuckles) so I need a temporary device to use yesterday, today and tomorrow, but I use this one sometimes yeah. TE: How many devices do you have in total? �HP: Total? So, Surface Pro, MacBook and…Samsung S2 Galaxy Tablet and I have iPad Mini and…iPhone (pulls out of pocket) and this iBook…so six (both laugh). So right now, there are six, but I do have one more that I share with my son…it’s a Chromebook. So, six or seven. TE: (Laughing) I have like three and people are like that is a lot. HP: Yeah, yeah. (Laughing) Right, some use some more than others. I use more in general. So, the most I use is my MacBook and the iPad Mini and my favorite is probably the iPad Mini still. I tried using Samsung and Microsoft, but I like iPad Mini more. So, the most I use is MacBook and iPad. TE: Do you prefer Apple software over Microsoft? HP: I’m more used to it. I have been using it for…I don’t know…I started using Mac since I think 1991 or 2 something like that. So, I am used to it and so I used Microsoft for a while, but I am still used to Apple. So, I mainly use my MacBook, iPhone and iPad. Most of my programs and systems that I use are difficult to change to Microsoft. TE: So, to start, can you look at your activities on your device? Can you look at what records you have of activities you were involved in the past month? This might include your calendar app, or a to do list, or an invitation to events of social media or a journaling app. What apps or programs do you use to plan, coordinate or record your activities? HP: Yeah…it’s not good. So, I usually use MacBook to tell me when things are. Most of my activity is through that MacBook. So most activity on the MacBook is… (pulls out iPhone) TE: Do you sync everything up on your calendar app? HP: Not everything but…can I change the device to my iPhone, so my answers make more sense using this one. So, let’s change this. Yeah, so iPhone because iPhone and MacBook are kind of in the same…yeah, yeah. It’s an iPhone 7. So, this phone, I got last September so I have had it for one year. I’m using Calendar, which I sync with the MacBook and iPad. I use usually three apps together. So, one is Calendar, Reminders and Notes. So, if I write…I don’t put all of my activities in my Calendar, only important activities. Reminders is for reminders of things I need to do that require more reminding than just the Calendar app. And sometimes I need to take some information or notes, I will record it in the Notes app. So, these three apps I use in all three of my devices, so I can open it on any MacBook, iPad or iPhone, so I can write those things down. So, the mostly used apps is the Notes because I write down a lot of notes. So yeah. TE: So, based on that, what are your main activities based on what you use for Notes? �HP: So its uhhh… (Pulls out Notes App and provides visual explanation) So as you see…so these are my recent activities. I have many different ones. I use my notes to take information and prepare. These are usually for activities at my church. I was meeting a small group, a study group at the church, so I collected all the information about that, such as bible study. Then I connected it on the app and I guess most of the things are Korean obviously, like this and that. But this one is English. So, I collect all of these things in the Notes app and then I use them. Most of it is for Bible Study. But during the week, for my school work, I don’t really use my phone. I mainly use the program called Latex, so it can generate every mathematical document. It’s a little bit of coding, not a lot, just simple coding on Latex to get some mathematical document. But that is the most active program I use. TE: So, is that how you design quizzes and papers? HP: Yes, exactly. TE: Oh, ok cool! I’ve always wondered how you type in logs and how you write them out on a computer. HP: That is one thing why I always thought having an iPad was good. So sometimes the support over is not nice. Actually, the apps that generate the…the mathematical document such as Latex are not good enough. They are sometimes very difficult to use. That is why I bought my Microsoft Surface Pro to replace my iPad, but still for the main computations I use the MacBook Pro. TE: What patterns do you notice in these activities? HP: That’s…a good question. Do you mean in my life? TE: Yeah. HP: Let me check something like screen time. TE: You mean FaceTime? HP: No screen time. TE: Oh, I don’t know what you are talking about. �HP: So, if you go here… (pulls out phone and demonstrates screen time display from settings). TE: Oh ok! I don’t have that on my phone. HP: It’s like you use the iPhone and it tells you how you use it, obviously right? So… TE: Mhmm I see. HP: So, let’s see what I did… (looks at screen timing). So… TE: So, you can limit the time on a specific app? That’s so cool. HP: Yeah exactly. TE: I didn’t know you could do that. HP: It’s a new one. It’s an update on the IOS. It’s not that old. It wasn’t there. It came out a couple of months ago. So, if you look here…I don’t know what they call but they break it into categories for productivity, health and fitness and something like that. Yeah, I didn’t really use the health and fitness today. So, the most activity is kind of you know like quite…not any more scheduled, but you know I want to get fit, so I always check my activity. I don’t play, but I used to play tennis, but I don’t play anymore. So, you know I usually just walk, and some of the activities are a little more… obviously I’m teaching so teaching related activities, like checking Canvas and the email are mainly prevalent on my screen time. And of course, I read the newspaper because I need to stay connected at home. But over time I have realized that I don’t want to follow too much of the sports teams…I would just read the news over time. So, kind of that side…after you finish the productivity activity, such as preparing your class or checking the important emails and those things, after that, well sometimes I realize I spend some time reading those newspaper articles and following some Korean news. After that I follow the sports teams I would. TE: Do you have any favorite sports teams? HP: Yeah. Yeah. The Georgia teams…Bulldogs because I studied there and then I’ve been supporting them for 10 years. So, Bulldogs are my favorites. But sometimes I turn on the Braves baseball games since I was in…when I was in Korean, I would watch the Braves games before I came here. So, I followed them prior to moving here. TE: How did you follow the Braves from Korea? Did you use news apps? �HP: No. No, it was on TV. There’s a Korean, AFKM, something like that…America…AFKM…umm Armed Forces Korean Network. TE: Oh ok. HP: So, it kind of you know… TE: So, it just streams whatever games you want? HP: Yeah right. Right. So, you…it’s not public so if your close to some military base, then you can watch them because they broadcast them inside the American base. Not far away from it, I lived close, so you know we could watch probably kind of illegally. (Both chuckles) You weren’t supposed to watch but you can watch the American TV. I watched some baseball and football games from Korea. So of course, I wasn’t living in Georgia yet. (both laughing). TE: So, what important activities are not reflected in this information? HP: I think I’ve told everything, right? In here the activities are checking mail and messages mostly and then writing notes using notes to write some and create some notes for remarks for my bible study. That’s what I mainly do in here. But some other activities not recorded precisely in here, but in my MacBook Pro are to create some mathematical documents and to…read some newspapers because the phone is kind of small. Also, sometimes I watch and stream some videos through YouTube or YouTube TV, all on the MacBook Pro. TE: So now on to People. Can you look through your device to look at people you’ve been involved with in the past month? These can be people who you’ve contacted or contacted you. These can be phone records, text messages, emails, social media interactions, or video calls. HP: So yeah. Of course, obviously my favorite person to contact is my wife, if you look at my messages it's to mostly my wife and my friend and my son and daughter. I mean these days, not many people use messages anymore. Do you use this thing? (pointing to a specific app) TE: No. No, I’ve never heard of that. HP: It’s a Korean company, so a lot of Korean people have it. So KaKao Talk, it’s like a message app… TE: Oh ok. �HP: If you have a Korean friend, they might have it. TE: Oh, I’ll ask my friend. HP: Yeah right. So, like as you see, most of contacts are my friend that I am staying with during the weekdays. His house, which is empty during the weekday, they only use it over the weekend, I stay there on the weekdays. So, you can see here that that’s his house and I am also staying in the church choir. So, they send me all kinds of information. Here’s how we sang last weekend. And then…a good thing is you can talk in Korean, so our family…this is my wife’s family. They have a group chatting room. They call it Chatting Room. And then we get all of those information from them. Sometimes too much (both laugh). So that is that. And then…other ones are mostly me coordinating activities at the church, in this phone number. So that is going to be it. And then on the Notes…wait can you repeat the question again? TE: What kinds of apps do you use to communicate with people the most? HP: So, I think KaKao Talk is the most. Then obviously the email app. Then the phone and the messengers are the next one. But through KaKao Talk I can talk with friends and family members in Korean and some friends in the church and other places and then of course email is used mainly for school to communicate…. with the people I work with and students and some of that information I use. TE: How do you decide what mode of communication to use over the other? Do you use a specific form of communication for a particular situation? HP: I guess I don’t have any preference…I think I prefer to talk through the phone instead of the messages if possible. But sometimes people want to use messages over a phone conversation, but I guess that’s their opinion. I guess for the school activity I prefer email for obvious reasons, I think. I think that…and also…I respond to communication by whatever works with the other person. TE: What patterns do you notice in your interpersonal communication? HP: Communication? The patterns…that’s a good question…it's an important word used in math (both laugh) I don’t know if I see any patterns, its more random. TE: So, it’s whenever needed? �HP: Yeah! Right, right…whenever needed I do that…and I don’t…in fact I have reputation that I don’t respond. I don’t get a lot of phone calls a lot these days because I don’t respond to phone calls. (both laugh) TE: That’s okay neither do I. (both laugh) HP: So, if they have an important call, they will call my wife instead of me. (both chuckle) My wife, they give her messages, and then she will call me. So, then I will respond. So, it’s more random. I try to not get too involved with social networking because…uhhh…I try to…you know…not be disconnected…I don’t want to be disconnected but at the same time I don’t want to be involved in those and for obvious reasons. So, it’s more responsive if there is ever a need I will respond to whatever social network or whatever the things are, for more like…if there were a pattern that is my pattern. TE: That is probably the same for me. I don’t really…if you called, I probably wouldn’t answer. So, what important interactions are not reflected on your device? HP: Uhhh…well obviously the postings of meetings, right? They…I guess not…these days this (pointing to the phone) is everything. We don’t have any more landlines at home. So, there is no phone at home. So, the cellphone is the only device…mmhmm. TE: Even with meetings you reschedule with your phone. HP: Yeah right. Right. TE: So, looking at places. Can you look through your device to see what records you have of places you went during this past month? You can use records on your calendar, a mapping app such as Google Maps, location services data on your phone, or in location based social media apps such as Four Square or self-checking apps? HP: So, I am looking at Google Maps. I don’t know… (scrolling through Google Maps and trying to find latest locations) I mean I know in my head where I have been last, but I couldn’t find…but I think everything should be in the Google Maps because I always take find my phone with me…but I don’t know how to find it. Do you know how to use it? TE: Ummm…usually when you look at places. HP: No those are places. �TE: No, you can look at places like home and stuff. HP: So obviously places like my home, the place I stay, and then…if I… TE: You can look at activity saved. HP: Yeah there are many saved. Right there I have 56 places. Oh, wait here are favorites (pointing to screen). Oh, right there. That’s the place my wife goes. We have been a couple of times and then…I have no idea what this is…oh okay that is my son’s dentist…what is this? Oh yeah, I went to Starbucks obviously. So, if I can find that place, such as home, which is northwest Georgia, this place, Oxford College, and then the place I stay which is called **** it’s near Athens, GA. It’s about ten miles from Athens. TE: Oh, near University of Georgia! HP: Yeah. Yeah. That’s where I stay during the weekdays. TE: So, you drive there and back from… HP: Yeah. Yeah. It’s better than… TE: Oh, the two hours to Northwest Georgia. HP: I’ve driven home three times already. TE: Do you go home every weekend? HP: Yeah, I go home two or three times a week. I stay there the weekend. So that and then…on the way there are main places that I usually go. One of them is a Korean grocery store in Duluth. So, I go there and if traffic is busy, I will stay at a Starbuck near there. That’s why Starbucks is great. So, I usually stay there a little bit to wait a little for the traffic to get better. Yeah. Yeah. I like Starbucks. TE: Do you feel that Google Maps helps you on the traffic? HP: Yeah Google Maps really helps. So, I drive early in the morning but sometimes there is a lot of…construction now going on the highway. So sometimes you have no idea if you have to wait an hour. Last Monday, the Google Maps said you have to wait 45 min and then it suggested a �roundabout route. So, I usually turn on the Google Maps and then turn it off because it uses battery. So, if something happens, I will turn on the Google Maps and then I realize I can turn around or wait there for 45 min. Something like that. So, I usually turn on the Google Maps even when I don’t need it. But if anything happens, I can change my plans. So, I usually use Google Maps a lot and I think it's very helpful. TE: Do any of these apps specifically track your movement? I’m assuming yes. HP: Yeah. I’m not sure…I think it tracks my movement as long as I use Google Maps. It definitely tracks whether I want it or not. Definitely more than I think. TE: Do you use any apps to check into places? Like you can use Yelp to check into a place. HP: No. No. Google Maps is the only one I use. TE: Do you have location services turned on in your phone or Google Maps? HP: I think so. TE: What patterns do you notice in your movement from place to place? HP: I don’t really see any patterns. I just…just as I described before. I really only go to those three places mainly and then in between I stop by some Korean grocery or someplace I can stay a little bit like a Starbucks or Panera. Those are mainly the places I go. So, there is not much…I guess that is mainly the pattern. It’s not a very complex pattern. TE: How did you first learn to navigate to new locations? HP: I mean in the past you used the maps. You had to study it a lot and write down on the physical maps when traveling and then you have to write down every stop you want and the important…streets and numbers. So, you write down with your hand on the map. And then of course I have a lot…many interesting memories about the maps. I mean even if you write it, you’ve never been there and it’s not going to be the same as the map says. So, when you get there, you will see something different and you have to, you know, improvise yourself to find the places you need to go. (both laughing) You know I’ve had many hot discussions with my wife about going this way but no this way. But now all of this is gone. (both laugh) TE: Yeah now you know definitively that it is that way or the other way. �HP: Yeah right. Right. (Laughs) Now it says everything. You don’t need a map anymore. It’s good. (Laughs) TE: What important places or navigational practices are reflected in your device? HP: Still. Still, I have maps so I kind of, you know, on the phone it is very small. But if I wanted to look at a big picture, kind of, to make a big travel plan, I still use the big map. So, I can kind of see the general, kind of, direction, even though I use the Google Maps or navigation systems. They are not perfect. They can give you some wrong information sometimes. Like two years ago, we were traveling Canada and were stopping by a place to visit my friends. So that was uhh…we were driving late evening, it was close to midnight. We were following the navigation and then…I realized what the navigation said was different from what I was driving. It said I was going this way, but I wasn’t. I wasn’t driving on the main highway but the road beside the highway. TE: So, a road parallel? HP: Right. Right, parallel. So...so, but what the navigation wanted me to do was to drive that highway, obviously not the road I was on. But it still said I was on the right road. So, I kind of kept checking until we realized the navigation was directing us into the dead end. (Both chuckling) TE: So, you had to turn all the way around? HP: Yeah right, we had to go back, back down that road, or something like that. So, you have to have a bigger plan when you go to some unknown place. I guess that happens, I realize that happens. When that happens in a rural area, it is difficult to update. But sometimes the app updates even before that happens. But the worst is when they plan a new road and they incorrectly input the new road, which is not there yet, into the navigation system, especially those in rural areas. But when you travel more in one area, sometimes you may come to such problems. So, you have to have a big picture of where you go. So, when I make a travel plans, I still use it. Of course, now with a computer, I use a bigger Google Maps. I just look at the maps to look at the big picture. So, when that happens, you can go back and then do whatever you need. TE: So now on to media, which you try to avoid. But can you look through your device to see what records you have of media you used in the past month? This could be social media posts, �texts, photos, music videos, TV shows, movies and games you might have used to or listened to. Or these are things you could have created or distributed. HP: I’ve never created social media things. I check Facebook, especially my family members’ postings from Korea. Typically, my brothers, brother in law, sister….it keeps us connected. So, I make sure I check because they are from Korea. So, I get to see what they are doing. But I only check…I am mainly active on Facebook for that. I follow some of the other people. But I mainly only check for those three. But KaKao Talk is the main one. It’s kind of like social media because you can post. Not only message but you can post pictures and also you can, well actually, you can make a phone call or video chat there. So, you can actually call someone in Korea without any charge because it is through KaKao Talk. Obviously, I check it daily. I also check the email system often, quite often as I can. I guess the only thing I generate of content would be writing an email, such as writing to my students, and posting the notes to Canvas. That’s the only media I generate. I also watch YouTube quite a lot, especially Korean news. It’s not the actual time, but they post those news about a half day difference. So, I can watch Korean news maybe…10 or 12 hours after it is broadcasted because of time difference. They will post it on YouTube. But based on the time I watch…I guess it is 24 hours difference, I will watch the important Korean news. But now especially, there is a lot of Korean news coming up. And as I just told you, I watch YouTube TV, especially Braves games to check if the Braves are doing well, so Braves Games, and the Georgia Bulldogs games, the football games. Those are things I do on the media. Did I miss anything? TE: No, I think you are good. HP: Oh wait. What activities I usually use these days, what I forgot to tell you, but not only do I use Google Maps, but because I am using those busy roads, so I use the toll roads, so I watch those toll roads. But I use Google Maps to determine if I will use the toll roads. They are very convenient for the morning or late afternoon. TE: So, is there any media that you use the most out of all the types of media that you use? HP: I guess email is the one I use the most. Probably the next one is YouTube because of the time. I watch Korean news shows, which is 15 min to one hour. So, if I have a lot of time, I will watch the full hour. So, email is the most out of the media I use. But I don’t know if you consider that media, I don’t know. It is media, I guess, right? TE: Mmhhmm. HP: Yeah. Yeah right. YouTube is next…yeah...yeah. YouTube TV is what I use to watch these �games. It’s what I use a couple times a week. I guess I will watch something tonight, maybe the Bulldogs first game. (laughs) TE: Do you have any strategies for storing your media? HP: Strategies? I’m not sure about that question. (both laugh) TE: How do you organize your media? HP: Obviously, I mean, I know what I want to do, but sometimes when I watch Korean news, it is a time consuming. I mean of course I get good information and a good thing about watching through YouTube is that you can skim though the what news content you want and then you can skip what you aren’t interested in. So obviously I want to save my time, but I want to get some information through those medias, but there is a lot of unwanted information, so I try to avoid that. So instead of watching the news in real time, I like watching on YouTube. It is nice because you can skip some of the content. Unless YouTube…you don’t get to watch on the actual time. Sometimes watching on the actual time is nicer, especially sports games, it is much different watching it later at a recorded time. But I will watch the recorded games, or specific clips that I want. So, I guess my strategy is to try to spend minimal time on these medias, but try to get as much information as I wanted. If that is a strategy, that is it. TE: Do you have any strategies to protect your privacy on media? HP: That’s a good question. I keep thinking about it…so…yeah, I do…I try to put minimal information on media. I used to…one of my students who studied with me…a few years ago, when my Facebook was hacked, all these weird emails were sent to the people I was connected with. He contacted me and told me that my Facebook was hacked, and I should do such and such things. It was nice. So yeah…but after that I don’t post that much information. But also, once…some place my credit card information was stolen by someone. So, I had a couple of those security issues encountered in the past. I try to minimize…I try to give my information as minimally as I can. But sometimes you have to give some information to get some service convenience, but you try to possess as much security as you can. Like on Google, I mean sometimes on Google, it’s a little annoying, when I make a Google accounts, I put 2 or 3 other ones to log into one device with my password. So, when I log into other devices, such as my phone and computer, I make sure that I log in again. I make sure it asks for an authentication every time. So, I try to do that with all of my accounts. I want to make sure its secure, even if it's annoying to have log in multiple times. I mean passwords are an annoying thing. You change a password now, but you will forget all the passwords combinations and then you are out of all �possible combinations you can memorize. But you should try to keep updating those passwords as much as I can regularly. TE: Yeah, I mean I use like one password. (both laugh) HP: But if you have such experience sometime later, it might happen. So…its mathematics but the storage coding is not…it takes time but you…it can be broken. Someone will break it eventually. If you have enough time…it will happen. So, you should not use the same password because the security system…overtime…as clever as the hacker can be, your password can be easily hacked. It takes time, but every sys tem can be hacked. So, you need to make sure. I mean you cannot control everything, but you can make the situation the best you can. I know it is annoying, but you should find some way to make a different password that is easily memorizable but also not easily hackable. TE: So, onto the last section. How did you start using digital technologies? How has your relationship grown with it throughout your lifetime? HP: So of course, I started using it…the computer to…produce and write a document, I mean especially the school requires Latex to create mathematical documents. That is how I started studying math. Then I started using those more portable device, kind of reading device, so I had three Kindles. Three different generations of Kindles. But then I changed to iPad. So, the main activities I forgot to mention was reading. Recently I don’t…the reason I have this one is for reading (points to large screen eBook). It’s really nice and uhhh…especially if you read a lot. So, kind of the next activity was reading. I needed a portable device, which is really nice. You don’t have to carry as many devices. You can carry the one device, which can carry hundreds of books. So that’s kind of how I learned. So, one way is trying to create mathematical documents using the device I needed and the next one is to read some books and things without carrying too many books with that device. TE: Out of the activities you described, what was the most complex to learn? So out of the different languages or activities, such as Google Maps. What was the most difficult to learn? HP: I don’t know. I mean…most of the…I mean I’ve been using these for a long time and I have become very comfortable with them and I never found that much difficulty. I mean sometimes Google Maps is not very intuitive, so that…some things like that…I just look at what is difficult. I mean if it's difficult it is difficult, but I never found it to be difficult. But sometimes with using different devices, kind of, it’s difficult to coordinate all of those…if generate hundreds and hundreds of documentss, it's not difficult, but challenging to organize all of it. I mean you can say that is pretty difficult. �TE: What digital skills do you think you need to operate in the professional world? Like what skills do you need to be a professional? HP: I guess it…depends…I think…as a math professor, I guess obviously, every math or physicist…Latex is an essential skill to create a mathematical document. I think that it is… TE: Do you think that coding is an intricate part in being a professional today? HP: I don’t think so. It’s important but not… TE: You mean that you don’t need it? HP: It could be important but depending on…I mean some…yes…I know some mathematics professors use coding to solve some certain problems, but usually not. TE: So, the last question. Would you describe yourself as digitally literate? HP: Yes. Yes. I try to, as you see, use all different kinds of devices, but I know how to use them, even… Not really the first year, but the second year, I got the original iPad and started using it. I tried to use different aspects as I could. I think…it’s sometimes too much to use too many devices for all different things, but it is kind of fun and also, it's nice to use different devices. TE: So, part of our Discovery Seminar is trying to define the meaning of being digitally literate. How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? HP: It’s not about coding, but it is about, depending on their need, so…they…I would describe someone digitally literate that whenever they need the information, they need these days, they have plenty of places, digitally, where they can find the information that they need, which if it is digitally literate. TE: So basically, if you have problem, you can use technology to find the answer. HP: So yeah. Not everything but as they needed. They can do what they need digitally. I think that should be…if you know everything…that’s not possible to know everything, but they can do what they want digitally. I think that is what it means to be digitally literate. TE: So, are there any other questions? �HP: No. (both laugh) TE: Thank you for letting me interview you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Tracy Eng Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dr. Heunggi Park Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 15 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born South Korea Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Korean-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Korean Occupation Professor Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 1 year Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since 1996 Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity HTML, C, Latex, PHP Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a Mathematics Professor About His Experiences with Digital Technologies Description An account of the resource Interview #13 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an oral interview with Dr. Heunggi Park, an Asian male of 53 years old. The interview included questions about his past experiences with digital technology and how these technologies have affected his daily life events. Dr. Park is a visiting assistant professor at Oxford College of Emory University in the mathematics department. He is originally from South Korea but moved to study and work at the University of Georgia prior to teaching at Oxford. He uses technology quite frequently to create math tests using Latex and Mat lab. Initially, Dr. Park chose to use his Microsoft Surface Pro tablet for the interview, but decided to switch to use his iPhone 7 in the beginning of the interview. The interview was conducted by Tracy Eng, an Asian female of 19 years old. She is a current first year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She is a member of the Digital Natives Discovery Seminar and is interested in understanding digital technologies and how they affect society as a whole. She is a resident of New Jersey and is interested in studying chemistry. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English C HTML Korean-American Latex PHP professor https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/43436f3880cfd82cbd45ca202ea567b6.jpg 9df9784d99f94a54d09ea56f4f9e5218 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/7358aa3480078a3d4cbdaa63eda809d2.pdf 82433b1050c4f689652bb15e414e3d4e PDF Text Text 1 Interview with a First-Year Oxford College Student About His Digital Experiences Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #12 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 26, 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Sean Davidson1 conducted by Osasere Collette. Davidson is an African American male who is from Baltimore, Maryland and is 17 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. Osasere Collette is also a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American and was mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born within 2000-2005. Transcript OC: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely such as your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month (such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions) and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member.” Before we begin, do you have any questions? SD: No. 1 Following the protocol established with my Institutional Review Board, participant names are pseudonyms to preserve confidentiality. �2 OC: Do you mind if I take a picture of your device? SD: No. OC: Okay then...Tell me about why you chose this device? SD: My Phone? OC: Yes. SD: I chose it because it’s the uh… device that I use the most, I use it every day and uh I got most of my memories on it. OC: Mhm...Okay...Okay...What apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? SD: Um… to plan my activities I use the calendar app, sometimes the reminders...umm...record...I guess sometimes snapchat, but that’s it. OC: Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities though? SD: Um..I got a lot of pictures and videos of me playing basketball, so basketball will be a main activity. OC: Oooohhh...You’re a basketball player. SD: Yeah I play basketball. OC: That’s the I guess, that’s the most umm...I guess significant to you would you say? �3 SD: Correct. OC: What patterns do you notice in the activities you are involved in? SD: Ummm...what do you mean by patterns? (laughing) OC: When I say patterns I just basically mean like things that you’re like heavily influenced in in basically your everyday life. SD: I already said basketball (laughing). OC: Okay then, What important activities are not reflected in the information on your device? SD: Mhmmm (laughing)...that’s a tough one (long pause)...I would say my schoolwork and like homework activities because I don’t really have... I put most of my academic stuff on my computer. OC: oh okay, so, Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in...with during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or even contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social-media interactions, or your video calls such as FaceTime maybe since you have an Apple device. What apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with other people? SD: I use snapchat every day, Instagram, um.. Sometimes I would use facetime, messages, um...I use twitter, and also just calling people on the phone. OC: So like, how do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? I.e., Do you use particular modes of communication for particular situations? People? Please enlighten me. �4 SD: Um… it depends on the person, so if I'm trying to talk to my parents or something I would either facetime or text, but if I’m trying to talk to one of my friends I would probably just snapchat them, unless I need an immediate answer, I would call or text them. OC: Are there any interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? SD: Ummm...I don’t think so. OC: Now, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as FourSpace...FourSquare sorry, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. What apps or programs, if any, have records of the places you visited? SD: Umm… Snapchat has a location, umm...like services type app on it...I mean accessibility on it, also the Map and Ways app I use when I’m like driving. OC: Which app or program do you think that you use the most to navigate you in your everyday life. SD: Ummm...probably maps. OC: Maps. SD: Mmhmm. OC: Okay...Ummm...how did you first learn to navigate new locations? Like reading maps? Memorizing landmarks? SD: Ummm...I would just open the app(laughing). �5 OC: That’s interesting so you never really like I guess...I guess you never really memorized like certain places that you have gone to before because your does it for you huh? SD: Correct, I never really had to. OC: Furthermore, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the media you used during the past month. For this section, I am interested in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played . . . or that you yourself have created and distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. You might have records of your media use in your browser history, your Google Search history, your Netflix history, your YouTube history. So please, what apps or programs do you use the most to access or even produce media in your everyday life? SD: I use Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and YouTube the most. OC: Why? SD: Ummm...Instagram to catch up with people’s everyday lives to see what they’re posting, Snapchat to talk to people...umm...and just sending pictures of your face to several different people, Twitter you can really catch up on the news...umm...just get random thoughts from people’s heads and then YouTube people post videos about what they’re doing throughout the week and you just watch them. OC: Can you also tell me about your strategy to like store your media? SD: To store my media I usually save it on my phone. I have 32 gigs so that’s a good amount (laughing). OC: Mhm...Can you give me some examples of media that are especially significant for you? �6 SD: Ummm...for me I would say Apple music because when I'm going from class to class or place to place, I like to listen to music put my headphones in and just vibe. OC: That’s interesting...Just Vibe he said. SD: (laughter) OC: Lastly, what important media are not reflected in information on your device? SD: Ummm...I like to play videogames on my Xbox and then some people have PS4’s so I play uhh...2K, Call of Duty, FIFA, and stuff like that. OC: How long have you had, I guess, a video game system. SD: I bought myself a Xbox in fifth grade and then...so ever since fifth grade. OC: Hmmm...Alright lastly, hold on there I know it’s kind of draining. In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. First I would like to ask like, how did you start using digital technology, and how has you relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? SD: Ummm...I definitely believe that my relationship with technology has gotten better and like deeper because um...as a kid I didn’t really use it as much as I do now, cause now I’m on my phone everyday...um...like most of the day on different apps and stuff like that. OC: Of the activities you have described so far which, I guess, were the most complex for you to learn and maybe master? SD: Ummmmmmm….I really don’t know how to answer that. �7 OC: Oh okay then, so can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to do with your device? SD: I kind of wish I knew how to code because that seems like a nice skill to have. It seems helpful and like college situations and job opportunities. OC: What are you missing in order to learn how to complete that? SD: Ummm...just the education and I’m kind of lazy so I really do feel like coding. OC: Oh, so you mentioned education, do you feel like you have the digital skills to operate...effectively...um in a professional context? Like how could you measure this ability? SD: Ummm… I think my ability would be pretty good for a professional setting but..umm...measuring it I’m not really sure how I could go about doing that. OC: Well when I say measure in academic context like how do you feel like right now academically you are to I guess accomplish that? SD: Academically I think I can accomplish all of my goals in school using digital technology...um I’m well versed in that aspect of life in academics. OC: Oh...okay, how would you describe someone who is digitally literate then? SD: Uh… digitally literate...Someone who is digitally literate I would say is just someone who is able to use the digital networks and like digital aspects of life to...um...just accomplish what they need to accomplish. It doesn’t really matter, like I don’t think it’s one set opinion it’s just everybody and their own...um...aspects of life that they need to accomplish digitally. OC: Would you then consider yourself digitally literate? �8 SD: I would say so because I can accomplish my goals on the internet and such things of that nature. OC: How did you learn to become digitally literate then? SD: Mmmmm...I think just growing up around computers and stuff like that because like just the age we live in… it just happened that way. OC: Lastly, for the final question of the interview, is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there something I did not ask that I should have asked? SD: No. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Osasere Collette Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Sean Davidson (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 8 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Baltimore, MD State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Baltimore, MD Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 2001-2005 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity African-American Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since Middle School Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a First-Year Oxford Student About His Digital Experiences Description An account of the resource Interview #12 - Post-1980 Interview This is an oral interview with Sean Davidson1 conducted by Osasere Collette. Davidson is an African American male who is from Baltimore, Maryland and is 17 years old, and currently a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. Osasere Collette is also a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American and was mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born within 2000-2005. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English African-American Apple college student iPhone post-1980 birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/4d314499d8371a22cea61f7bdef26cc3.jpg a6ed68affabb9ecd9c85ac69686f7e07 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/1775fe1b179c5b881913efbab8de2177.pdf 450ad8c49391ea310873a368b996f463 PDF Text Text 1 Interview with the Men’s Head Basketball Coach About His Digital Experiences Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #14 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 13, 2018 Introduction This is an oral interview with Steph Williams1 who is the Head Coach of the Oxford College Men’s Basketball team conducted by Osasere Collette. The coach is an African American male who is also a native to Georgia and born within the five year range of 1966-1970. Osasere Collette is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American, mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ, and born in the range of 2000-2005. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born in two different five-year ranges. Transcript OC: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely for example, your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on and what to ignore, and you can decide when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please don’t share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, a co-worker or a family member. Before we begin, do you have any questions? 1 Following the protocol established with my Institutional Review Board, participant names are pseudonyms to preserve confidentiality. �2 HC: No. OC: Tell me about why you chose this device. HC: Well I use my desktop computer in my everyday work activities...um...had this computer for a long time...um... also I have two screens because of the amount of information that I am using....um… helps me to get my work done faster. OC: Oh that’s good because you have two of them. Usually I see people with a Mac, but you have a Dell and Samsung...you know different platforms. Um… To start, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the activities you were involved in during the past month. You might have records of activities in a calendar app, for example, like a to-do list, in invitations to events through social media, or in a journaling app. What apps or programs, if any, do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? HC: Well in the Outlook system they have a calendar and on that calendar um the major different activities or events that I have… I try to put as much of that on the calendars as possible so i can organize my days, weeks and months ahead and also so I don’t miss out on certain things you can’t remember… I normally use the Outlook calendar to organize my events. OC: Okay...So like, Based on what you see on your device, what are your main activities? If that makes sense, since you are a head coach and director of the athletic program at Oxford College. HC: Um…meetings are the most part of what consumes most of my time...working simple issues with workers or just dealing with day to day things that they need done where we have an open door policy and some of them are not even on my calendar, but um... a lot of the day to day activities take up majority of my time. OC: Okay, and do you have any other activities not reflected in Outlook? �3 HC: Uh...yes like I stated I do try to put practices, games, meetings, and personal things on the calendar so that I won’t forget those, but umm… things do come up a lot that are not on the calendar and I have to make adjustments for every day. OC: Next I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the people you were involved in during the past month. For example, you might have records of people you contacted, or who contacted you, in your phone records, your text messages, your emails, your social-media interactions, or your video calls such as Skype or FaceTime. There is a certain question that I have since you did pick a computer, just like what other apps and programs like Outlook, do you use to communicate with other people? HC: Um… well advantage with the computer...um...if i put things...the system synchronize..for example anything I have on my desktop, it also goes to my mobile device. So umm… for instance, just basic email...the other day I had to email a parent and I had to do that through the regular Outlook email and umm...coworkers, alumni, friends of the family, so um… email...the Outlook email is something that I can use on my phone. OC: Ok, how do you decide which mode of communication to use over another? For example, do you use particular modes of communication for particular situations or even people? HC: Well a lot of people want to use the email and text messaging, but I still prefer to talk to people over the phone so there won’t be miscommunication even better than texting and emailing. OC: Next, with the next phase of this interview, I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of the places you went during the past month. For example, you might have records of places on your calendar, in a mapping application such as Google Maps, in the Location Services data of your phone, in location-based social media such as FourSquare, or in self-tracking apps such as the ones used for fitness. What apps or programs do you use any apps or programs to navigate your locations? What are they? �4 HC: I do, um...mainly the Google and um…...just the other past month we had to google certain distances for the Men’s and Women’s Soccer game and I used Google Maps for that. Also, you talked about apps and we deal heavily in FaceBook. With me overseeing part of the social media, I do use my desktop for FaceBook to get that information to the public. OC: A lot of people use FaceBook nowadays. Um...like...do you use any apps or programs to check in to places? What are they? Does that make sense? HC: (Long Pause)...And you mean on my desktop? To check in? Well… at work to get into your work system, you have to provide a username and password to get into my work system and I have to do that pretty much daily...and then some confidential things within that which is financial information and budget information you always have to sign in with different passwords and codes to get into those areas. OC: Basically, I’m going to transition into another topic of this interview. I’m just going to ask you about the media that you use. Like you did mention FaceBook earlier. An example question would be like based on what you see on your device and the certain apps that use, what do you think you access and use the most? HC: FaceBook is the platform that I use the most, we started to use Instagram to track athletic events within the athletic department, but I have very limited access and use with the FaceBook...I mean Instagram, but I mainly use FaceBook alot. Either looking at personal or doing work. OC: For the athletic page, I wanted to know the strategy for storing the media for the Oxford College community? HC: Umm...we have our Oxford College Athletic homepage mainly designed for sports information and stories to keep the general public informed of the athletes and athletic events. We use different ways...like sometimes we’ll provide the score during matches...we have a center for helpful living...Student-Athlete of the Month...we put that type of information out �5 there...the academic successes of the student-athletes on the FaceBook, but it is mainly to keep are fans and anyone else interested involved. OC: Okay...In this final section, I’d like you to reflect on your history with the device and apps you have shared with me, focusing on how you learned to use them in the way that you currently do. With the information that you have shared with me, How did you start using digital technology, and how has you relationship with it grown throughout your lifetime? HC: Well...I started using digital...digital technology when I was around 6. We were one of the first families to have like a personal computer and a gaming system. It was pretty much stick ball...stick ball tennis video game.. And we had this video gaming system...I don’t know the exact name of the system, but one of my family members was into computers, so I remember we got a Radio Shack computer when we were like 10 to be able to play games on...and then it went to Atari and Nintendo and other games. At one point, we would spend majority of our time outside playing, but as I became a teenager, we would spend a little more time playing the video and computer games and I remember telling someone that we are going to be the first generation to see a 70 year old man playing a video game with their grandkids. Umm...like you wouldn't see my parents or older relatives.. They normally did not play video games, but my generation is going to play Madden when they are older and that’s going to be different. I don't use technology as much as some people, but for instance I do use the Samsung phone and I do know the benefits of it, but for like the different social media I do not have...I don't keep up with all of the different trends that come out like SnapChat and all of that...I normally don't do that...I just stick with FaceBook…(pause)...but my family member also told me that one day everything is going to be done on one little device. To be truthful you can do everything on a simple device. You can get all of the software, all of the apps...I’m still at the point where I need something done fast, I ask my son to do it. I can do it, but he can do it a lot faster, he doesn't even have to think about it. For me , it will take me a few more minutes to get in done, but he just knows how to maneuver through the apps and whatever we’re doing. OC: I was going to say that's interesting because in my class we are told that of how the generation after 1990 was basically the only generation to overly use technology...and that's �6 interesting because you said that you were born in the 1966-1970 range and still used technology at a fairly early age due to the terminology. If you were born after the 1990 cutoff, using technology is second nature to you, while if you were born before 1990 you are a digital immigrant, but you had it since you were 6. HC: It kind of depends on the person's personality too. For example another family member...I have two… they do their living in computers dealing with software versus myself where I didn't do it as much...so sometimes it just depends on the personality. I at a very young age, computer science was a trending thing and I have some friends who are very good at it, but for me I understand its importance, but I don’t overly use it. OC: For the next question, How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Basically having the basic skills to understand how technology works? HC: Um, like we mentioned with my son, it really doesn't matter he learns quickly, but with my wife she went from an Samsung to an iPhone to a Google phone and each time it took her awhile to get adjusted, but she was able to. Someone I consider literate won't be able to understand technology automatically, but if they look at it they can figure it out and don't mind to figure out...but the ones who don't want to do it and don’t even try are the ones who are digitally illiterate. OC: Okay.. and for the last question, is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there something I did not ask that I should have asked? HC: (Long Pause)....... no...I think that’s good. OC: Well, this went well (laughing). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Osasere Collette Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed HC (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 6 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Georgia, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1966-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Male Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity African-American Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Basketball Coach Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since Childhood Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 10 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Desktop Computer Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Dell Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with the Men's Head Basketball Coach about His Digital Experiences Description An account of the resource Interview #14 - Pre-1980 This is an oral interview with Steph Williams who is the Head Coach of the Oxford College Men’s Basketball team conducted by Osasere Collette. The coach is an African American male who is also a native to Georgia and born within the five year range of 1966-1970. Osasere Collette is a first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. He is Nigerian-American, mainly raised in Hackensack, NJ, and born in the range of 2000-2005. His intentions for this interview were to provide insight on a person’s experience with digital media and also see how they might contradict the ideology of a digital native, being that they both were born in two different five-year ranges. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English African-American Basketball Coach Dell desktop computer Pre-1980 Birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/9da420f4899e2469722e7f329e406ad6.jpg 6a32c44bb162fbd04d48dd89fe9ded9e https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/bf06756cbfe3a0e5edbeda5c1e235040.jpg d68b4dabb847e130157311fcd1598d1b https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/6e2a44ff094da5e9e04ef785ebe9efa3.pdf d4ed059c36cdc7e979696f6686acfd3c PDF Text Text 1 “But You're Right, It Sped Up My Life for Sure” Archive of Personal Digital History Interview Set #11 – Pre-1980 Birthdate October 12th, 2018 Introduction The following pages consist of an oral history interview between the interviewer, Megan Yang (denoted MY), and her subject, Carmen Gutierrez* (denoted CG). This interview was conducted on Friday, October 12th, 2018 around 10am in Office 237 at Pierce Hall. It lasted around 23 minutes. Carmen Gutierrez is a White European professor at Oxford College of Emory University. She was originally born in the Canary Islands of Spain, but has most recently lived in Atlanta, Georgia. She first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 24 (in year 1998) and has personally owned one for 23 years. For this interview, Carmen chose to discuss her iPhone. Megan Yang is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in an older generation relative to her own in order to explore whether digital habits or literacies differ between generations. Bolded statements are deemed significant to reflection on this topic. _____________________________________________________________________________________ From now on, ‘MY’ will denote the interviewer (myself), and ‘CG’ will denote the interviewee (Carmen Gutierrez*). MY: In this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a “guided tour” of a digital device that is particularly significant for you and that you use routinely—for example your mobile phone, laptop, desktop computer, gaming system, or some other device important to you. If the device enables it, I would like you to review records of your activities during the past month (such as calendar entries, text messages, phone calls, emails, websites, and social-media interactions) and talk to me about the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technologies. You can decide what to comment on or what to ignore, and when to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so. Also, please do not share information about anything illegal or information that would compromise the privacy of another person, and please don’t mention the names of other people. When referring to other people, please name them by their role rather than their name: for example, “a co-worker” or “a family member” or “friend”. MY: Before we begin, do you have any questions? �2 CG: Ehh...no. MY: First question is a general question. Tell me about why you chose this device? CG: Because it's the one that I use the most. MY: And so the second part is about activities. I'd like to ask you to look through your device and see what records you have of the types of activities you do. So you might have a to-do list, shopping list or just invitations to events through social media, you know. MY: What apps or programs do you use to plan, coordinate, or record your activities? CG: I just use the calendar app, that's where I put all of my...all of the things that I need to do. (MY: I also use that, I find the [program] very convenient and it puts everything together so it feels like your life is very streamlined) CG: I can't go anywhere without looking at the calendar [on my phone]. MY: Okay, so based on what you see on your calendar app, what are your main activities, and of those which are the most significant? CG: Other than work & meetings, my children's activities (sports), and sometimes lunches with friends and, yeah on the weekends more sports for the children and some events for the adults (MY: I guess that's what comes with being a parent...to make sure they're getting everywhere they need to go) MY: So what role does your device play in the activities you do? CG: It just reminds me where I need to be at what time, pretty much. MY: Are there any important activities that are not recorded through information on your device? CG: No, no. If my phone broke down I would have a heart attack because I wouldn't know what to do because everything is there. It's the only way I can keep track of what I need to do; (MY: Yeah...everything is connected to our phones, computers, and our phones are synced with our computers, iPads, Apple Watches, etc. CG: I even use [my phone] as my alarm clock in the morning. I depend on my phone for everything. MY: So the next part is about the people you contact with your devices. So just, like, think about that. Here’s your second question. So what apps or programs, if any, do you use to communicate with people? CG: WhatsApp with my family in Spain and just text messaging and email to contact friends and family and peers. (MY: Do you use the phone call function and/or call people?) �3 CG: I do FaceTime with my family in Spain and I do make a couple of phone calls in terms of work but I do text messaging mostly. (MY: I feel like I use text messaging more as well...I'm uncomfortable calling people...I don't know why) CG: I just don't like talking on the phone. I enjoy talking to people live (MY: Basically face-to-face) MY: Do you think it's because, like, you're older than us and you didn't really grow up with technology, so you're more accustomed to meeting people in person? CG: You know, I don't think so. I think certain people just don't like talking to people on the phone, like my mother-in-law is much older than me and she loves talking on the phone. All my friends like to talk on the phone. I just don't...I just don't personally like talking on the phone. It doesn't have to do with my generation. (MY: So I guess it's just a matter of personal preference) MY: Okay...what patterns do you notice in your communication with others and the role your device plays in them? (CG: What do you mean?) I guess you can think about it as a frequency thing or has it taken over your life and your communication with others? CG: Well you know I do [know] nowadays that, you know, I use my phone a lot because I don’t only use it to talk to my family and friends, but also for work. So I’m working from it as my children are in a sports activity. So I use it constantly; the usage has increased [because devices are made] better and faster, so I don’t need to bring my computer with me anymore. I just work from my phone. (MY: Yeah, yeah) MY: How do you decide which mode of communication to use over another, for example do you use particular modes of communication for different situations or people? CG: Mostly text messaging for friends, and email for work. (MY: Email is definitely more formal, so that makes sense) MY: What important interactions with people are not reflected in information on your device? CG: When I'm with my friends, lunch or dinner events, and simply if I'm meeting co-workers for lunch. That would be like the only time I wasn't communicating through my phone. (MY: Yeah I did another interview before this one and my friend said that if you notice a time where you're not active [on the phone] it means you're like doing something else or you're busy) MY: Now part 4 is about places, so the places you access through your phone and stuff. What apps or programs, if any, do you have records of the places you visited? CG: So in general I would say only from the calendar and email and text messaging and WhatsApp. I would say Facebook, preferably Facebook, Instagram, and you know, RE/MAX**. I like looking at the houses and hoping one day I'll buy one. (MY: Dreams and goals…) Goals and good friends... �4 MY: Do you know what Foursquare is? CG: No... MY: That's really weird...I feel like every time people talk about location services and checking into places and places you visit they always talk about Foursquare but nobody uses [that] these days. CG: FourSquare? Never heard of it in my life. MY: It's basically a program where you can go to places and check into the places, you can see other people who have checked in. It's almost like a social network. CG: To me it feels very stalker-like...feels like we're being stalked. Why do people need to know where I'm at at all times? It's kind of scary…(MY: It's so weird since we keep hearing about [FourSquare] but nobody knows it at all.) I know my son uses a different one but with the same concept and you check where everyone is on the map. Scary… MY: You know Snapchat has the Snap Map function where you can zoom in and see where everyone is, but you do have an option to turn off or turn on showing your location. So you can choose your own preferences. CG: That's scary to me. The only thing I would want is to check on my children just to make sure they're okay, but gosh! I would never want to let people know where I'm at. Even when I’m posting pictures of events it’ll normally be after the event. MY: We have Find My iPhone for finding your kids or something... MY: Do you use any apps to discover new locations? CG: I just use Google Maps and Waze. MY: I’ve actually never heard of Waze… CG: It's pretty similar to Google Maps. It's supposed to display the traffic and redirect if there's an accident or tell you if there's a police car or if there's a car who had an accident on the road. (MY: That's really helpful) MY: Do you use any apps to track your movement or permit location services for them? CG: Oh yeah, Google Maps. Especially when I'm trying to find like whether there's a movie theater or store so [the app] would tell me where the store, the closest one, is. MY: How would you decide which apps to use location services or not? �5 CG: Depending on if I need them, if I need to find the closest place. MY: Okay. Do you mind if I see where you've been or would that be a breach of privacy? CG: No no no it's okay, absolutely! MY: You don't have to show me, you can just tell me. CG: No, no I can show you, no problem whatsoever. So here I have Ponce City Market (MY: I haven't been there yet I really want to go) [It’s a really cute really cute place], like where I went for Fall Break Rosemary Beach, the Decatur Tennis Center. You can take a picture if you want. (MY: Sure! This is not that private) No mystery! *chuckle chuckle* MY: Cool, so are there any patterns you notice in these places? CG: Well I always vacation in the same place, I play tennis in the same place, my kids play soccer and tennis in the same locations. So everything is pretty much sports-based and vacation based. MY: Okay, how did you first learn to navigate new locations? CG: Google Maps. I can't go anywhere without using Google Maps or Waze. MY: You can also also include reading maps or recognizing landmarks. CG: No, no, just Google Maps. I'm really bad directions so yeah...I always use it unless it's to go around the corner. But I always use Google Maps or Waze. MY: What important places or navigational practices are not reflected in your device? CG: You know coming to work, because I already know how to get here and also my kids doctor’s appointments, I know where that is. Honestly anywhere else I have to use Google Maps. (MY: So things that are like habitual [you don't use your device]). MY: We have two more sections and this section is about media and social media. So we’re interested in social media posts, texts, photos, music, videos, TV shows, movies, and games that you have read, listened to, watched, or played . . . or that you yourself have created or distributed. These could be social media, entertainment media, news media, or any other kind of media or information. So You might have records your Google Searches, your Netflix, YouTube, or Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or Snapchat… MY: Based on what you know about your device, what apps or programs do you use the most to access or produce media? CG: Facebook. �6 MY: What media do you use or create the most? So like photos, posts, texts, videos... CG: Pretty much photos in Facebook. MY: Why do you prefer one platform over another, for example Facebook over Twitter or Instagram or SnapChat? CG: I don't know, I guess I just started using Facebook and I'm more familiar with it. That's the reason. (MY: So kind of experience and exposure to a certain type of technology) MY: Can you give me some examples of some media that are especially significant for you? CG: What do you mean examples? MY: Maybe like you're really interested in photography and you love your pictures… CG: I just pretty much post for my friends and family, because I have friends in different states and different countries so it's easy for me to post pictures for everyone to see versus sending a million messages. MY: So it's a question of convenience. (CG: Yes, convenience, efficiency) MY: Can you give me some examples of media you produce or alter in some way? CG: Maybe a photo, you know, use some filters to make it look better. MY: My friend in his interview, said that he makes like memes so yeah that's kind of how he alters media. What patterns do you notice in your media usage? CG: Yeah I just use Facebook and every now and then if I have free time I just check to see what my friends are up to. The pattern is probably more like in the evening when the kids are in bed and I'm done with work, just to wind down after a rough day. (MY: yeah yeah) MY: Tell me about your strategy for storing your media, hard drive, the cloud, USB… CG: I have no strategy. It's in my Facebook or Camera Roll. I don't have a strategy. I don’t store anywhere. My husband will kill me...he has everything in the cloud. MY: I feel like the cloud is kind of confusing for me...I never really actually got into it feel like there's like a photo stream on your phone and it's synced with your computer, I don't know, like, Apple has everything together. CG: I Just don't have time to think about it you know. Work documents I tend to remember to back them up, but pictures I'm a little bad. �7 MY: Tell me about any strategies you may have for protecting your privacy. CG: Just allow only my friends to see my pictures and posts and make it a private account, yeah. MY: Is there any important media that's not reflected on your device? So like if you read newspapers or magazines, listen to the radio, watch television, go to movies, or play video games. CG: I mean I love movies so I watch all the movies on TV and in the movie theater and what else do I do with media... that's it - movies. (MY: That seems to be the common thread, I think. My friend said that too.) MY: So in the final section we're going to move away from activities to talk about how you learn about everything. How did you start using digital technology and how did your relationship with that change over time? CG: Well, you know I started using it when I was an exchange student at [Pittsburg State University] in Kansas. How it was the dial-up type of Internet and it was super slow, we had to be very patient to wait for the device to go to the next screen. It's just a matter of usage...the more I used [ technology] the more familiar I became with it and then it got faster...and it was much easier. MY: I guess I can assume that when digital technology became the way it is now (CG: Mainstream, yeah) you were like “WOW!” CG: Thank God, yeah. I just think like the speed made a huge difference. MY: Do you think that the speed of technology has kind of affected the speed of your life? CG: Sure...because now you can get things done faster so you tend to do more things. It helps me at the time to do research because back then you didn't have access to articles or books online, you can only access them by going to a specific library and you know, now, you can access pretty much anything online - articles, books, so it helps my research. But you're right, like it sped up my life for sure. Because you get more things done but you tend to do more and be a little obsessed and addicted to it. (MY: Multitasking) “Too much!” MY: Did you guys use you know like encyclopedias, like in the earlier times? CG: Absolutely, we didn't have Wikipedia or anything like that. *shared laugh* MY: Of the activities you've described so far in the previous questions, which was the most complex for you to learn and what makes them so? CG: Activities? Like what do you mean learned? �8 MY: Like when you're sharing on social media or when you're navigating with Google Maps. (CG: Which one was the easiest?) Which one was the hardest. CG: Which one was the hardest, I don't know, I mean Snapchat is not easy because it disappears on me. You know I'm trying to check my son's Snapchat to make sure everything is okay, to control what he's doing, and then it disappears. So I know it's difficult but it just makes me mad, like I wish there was a way to find all the Snapchats and see what I want. It’s more like I’m frustrated with Snapchat. I wanna see his records, and I don’t know how to do that. *shared laugh* MY: I feel that. I have a lot of conversations with people on Snapchat and also on Facebook Messenger. On Messenger it stays there but in Snapchat you have to like deliberately save it and I always forget what I ask people. CG: And of course my son won't save it because he doesn't want me to see his phone. I’m like snooping around and I don't know where to find stuff. I’m really frustrated because it’s difficult for me to navigate. MY: So when did you start using and learning how to use Snapchat? CG: I mean I don’t even think I know how to use it. He has it in his phone so I just go to it and see what conversations are, but the problem is that once I open it goes away, you know. So yeah I want to know what he's chatting about, but I can't access it. But I really would like to know where those files are. MY: Can you tell me...this is kind of related to what you just told me about, but what activities do you wish you could do with your device? CG: Yeah probably just finding out how to do like the find my phone feature. I know we all have it but I don't know how to use it. MY: I’ve seen it action but I’ve never had to actually use it since I don’t usually lose my phone… CG: And of course when you lose your phone it’s always on silent so even if you call it...I wish I could do know how to do the find my iPhone feature. My neighbors got robbed, you know, and they had their computer and everything stolen. The police found them because they had installed in the computer a find my phone feature so they found the thieves and everything they had. They had robbed many houses and the [cops] found them because of that feature. I think it's a practical thing to do. MY: I think in criminal contexts you can also like use it for malice. Basically, I have heard of a lot of cases where the iPhone has so much information and/or data that could be witness to a crime, but because of legal boundaries with the opposing corporations it doesn't work out. MY: So do you think you're missing any skills you need to complete the task you wish to (i.e. to know how to be able to find your phone), or is it just like because of time? CG: Time. I don't have enough to find out how to use all the features that the iPhone has, yes. �9 MY: Do you feel that you have the digital skills necessary to operate in a professional context? CG: Yeah I mean like I do know how to use Prezi, PowerPoint, definitely email, messaging...Emory what else do we use? Canvas, OPUS. MY: And like how do you know that you have that ability? CG: Because I’ve used it. MY: And would this response be the same across all contexts, like personal, academic, civic or public contexts? (CG: Yeah, yeah) MY: So here’s one of our final questions, and it's actually one of the really important ones. So how would you describe someone who is digitally literate? CG: Well, you know, someone who knows how to use technology that most people use. Whether that be email or text messaging or WhatsApp or Canvas or OPUS. Just like see what the majority is able to use and it personal and work contacts. MY: So basically, you’re basing it on like the mainstream, what’s popular, what’s going on right now in technology. CG: What’s needed. Like if you ask a student you need to know how to use OPUS or Canvas, you should be able to do it too. MY: Would you consider yourself digitally literate? CG: Yes, aside from the Snapchat frustration. MY: Because you said you were digitally literate, how did you learn to be digitally literate? CG: On my own, on my own/ I just taught myself through frequent usage. MY: Did anybody else teach you? CG: There was some like guidelines for Canvas and I followed them sometimes...but for the most part just by using it. MY: Is there something else you would like me to know, something that I did not ask that I should’ve? (CG: No) MY: Yeah I think this was a very good interview procedure because we have a lot of questions here and it's great for getting to the main points. That was all, thank you! �10 CG: You’re welcome :) MY: Thank you for participating in our study! *Disclaimer: Names changed for confidentiality reasons. **RE/MAX: A real estate company � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Megan Yang Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Carmen Gutierrez (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Canary Islands, Spain Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1971-1975 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Spanish-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian, European Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Spanish, French Occupation Professor of Spanish Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 23 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 24 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Plus Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "But You're Right, It Sped Up My Life for Sure" Description An account of the resource Interview #11 - Pre-1980 Birthdate The following pages consist of an oral history interview between the interviewer, Megan Yang (denoted MY), and her subject, Carmen Gutierrez* (denoted CG). This interview was conducted on Friday, October 12th, 2018 around 10am in Office 237 at Pierce Hall. It lasted around 23 minutes. Carmen Gutierrez is a White European professor at Oxford College of Emory University. She was originally born in the Canary Islands of Spain, but has most recently lived in Atlanta, Georgia. She first had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort at age 24 (in year 1998) and has personally owned one for 23 years. For this interview, Carmen chose to discuss her iPhone. Megan Yang is an Asian American first-year student at Oxford College of Emory University. She was born in California, moved to Connecticut, and then lived in Shanghai, China for twelve years. At Emory, she hopes to study marketing and international business while double-majoring in psychology. Her goal for this interview is to understand the technological habits of someone in an older generation relative to her own in order to explore whether digital habits or literacies differ between generations. Bolded statements are deemed significant to reflection on this topic. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple iPhone professor Spanish https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/94e52674f864ac03313656928e27c7b4.pdf 4b62ca91ccc259dbf870dbd63c238d6f PDF Text Text Interview with a First-Year Ecuadorian-American College Student About Her Use of Digital Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #8 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Transcript Interviewer: Alright, so, in this interview I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of the digital device that is particularly significant to you and that you use routinely- your mobile phone, laptop, et. cetera. Um, if the device enables it I would like you to review records during the past months; calendars, entries, text messages, phone calls, et. cetera, and talk to me about like, the people you interact with, the places you go, and the ways you use media and communication technology. So, you can decide what to comment on or to ignore, and you can decide to share an example by showing it to me on your device. You should only share examples when you feel comfortable doing so, and don’t share anything- any information about anything like, illegal or anything that would compromise the privacy or… anything of another person (aside) please don’t get me in trouble. Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Yeah, please don’t mention the names of other people, um, when referring to the names of other people, refer to them by their role rather than their name, like coworker, family member, et. cetera. Okay, so, before we begin, do you have any questions? Interviewee: Uh...no, We’re good. Interviewer: K, do you mind if I take a picture of your device? Interviewee: Oh, no, absolutely, go for it...enjoy, its uh, got a crackInterviewer: Fantastic. It’s okay, we’re going to use my crappy iPhone camera Interviewee: Super real now. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: (unintelligible) Interviewer: (laughter) Okay, so, tell me about why you chose this device? Interviewee: Um, I think that it’s, like, one of the devices in my life that I have, like, the most complicated relationship with; um, I am like a very anxious person, I really struggle with �anxiety, so, um, I go back and forth like sometimes I use it to take photos of things that like, like the world as I see it. So like, I’ll be like looking down and I always look down at my feet as I walk, so like I’ll take a photo of like- just like, basically of like me feet and like the ground, but it’s like I have so many of these photos from like, years and years, so like, I don’t know. It's just like a nice habit to do, so in that case, I’m like, attached to my phone, because it’s just like, easy access to a cameraInterviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: On the other hand, I...like… I don’t know. Like I can’t...(sigh). It’s nice to be in communication with people but just like, the social media thing has always stressed me out, and like, texting, having people like, know where I am? Like um, I… I don’t know. My roommate and I are in sort of a friend group on campus and everybody has shared their locations with each other and it's freaking weird. (aside) I’m sorry I don’t know if I’m allowed to say likeInterviewer: It’s fine! Interviewee: (laughter) It’s really hard. Um, yeah, so just like, yeah kind of just having that...it’s like a tracker, that I’m willingly putting on myself y’know? Interviewer: Yeah. Understandable. Do you have your Snap Maps on? Or no? Interviewee: I don’t have my Snap Maps onInterviewer: Me neither. Interviewee: I don’t think I do. That- this is the otherInterviewer: You have to turn it off. If you didn’t turn it off... Interviewee: I hope I don’t. Interviewer: ...manually… Interviewee: I hope I don’t. I hope I don’t. Is...is my answer. Interviewer: (unintelligible) really creepy. Interviewee: (aside) Yeah that is really creepy. Interviewer: Yeah, yeah. Understandable. Okay. So um, to start I’d like to ask you to look through your device to see what records you have of like, the activities that you’ve been involved in during the past month. (aside) This is so… formal I hate this. Interviewee: No, no, no, it’s good, it’s good. Um, so, most of my things I’ve been doing, in my calendar- when I got to school I started doing everything on like a um planner so I didn’t have to �carry my phone all the time. But it got really hard because the more I was adding to it, the more, like, the less space… and then I have to erase and rewrite every three seconds so, um, now I have everything stored. So I have lots and lots of records of everything I’ve done… Interviewer: Nice. Interviewee: ...over the last couple of days, or like the past month, basically. Um, and, (aside) what else do I use? Most- mostly it’s like my email and my calendar… my notes, um, yeah that’s basically like most of the record of where I’ve been. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Um, so what are your main activities, based, like, only on what’s on the phone? Interviewee: Um, so my main activities based on wh- I mean like school and studying, um, a lot of, like, when things are due, um, and Model UN, and there’s been a lot of stuff, so like different clubs on campus. Um, let’s see what else is there? I went back home for my aunt’s wedding Interviewer: Oh, cool! Interviewee: So you can see, my-my flight… Interviewer: That’s awesome. Interviewee: …and the time the wedding was supposed to be. Interviewer: Yeah. That’s really cool. Interviewee: Yeah. So I think those are… those are my activities. Interviewer: I was gonna ask, like, what patterns you notice but we pretty much talked about- its just school. So like... Interviewee: Yeah. So it’s mostly school. I mean, like, if people text me and are like, “Oh, let’s go hang out,” then I guess that’s a record as well. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, but, because I’m just… I-I think its a little bit of a different case scenario if you’d asked me a few months ago… Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: ...there’d be a lot more record of my social life on my phone, but since everybody’s like so… so close on campusInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: It’s a little bit of a different story. Interviewer: Exactly. Understandable. Um, any important activities that are not reflected in your phone? Anything you do that you didn’t take a record of? Interviewee: (laughter) Yeah, I mean, I-I go runningInterviewer: Oh! Interviewee: To like, destress y’know? Interviewer: That’s awesome. Interviewee: So, I usually take my phone but I’ll actually like, put it on airplane mode so… I just use it for the music. And then I have my running watch so I don’t even use it to like, track GPS or anything. Um, so that’s mainly… Interviewer: That’s really cool. I wish I had it in me to run. Interviewee: (laughter) It’s only because I did track in high school. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Alright, so, um, next can you look through your device and see what records you have of any people you were involved with in the last few months; family… involved with is, like, such a weird wayInterviewee: Involved with? (laughter) Interviewer: It’s bad. But you know what, it’s fine. Interviewee: (laughter) Um, yeah, so… most of them… actually I was looking at- it- I… it called my attention the other day, because usually the people… I love talking on the phone. If I’ll talkIf I can talk on the phone instead of… Interviewer: Text? Interviewee: ...text someone, I will do it. Um, and I’m like getting texts, even just like holding my (unintelligible) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Oh this is… embarrassing. �Interviewer: No, that’s awesome. You have more of a social life than me. Interviewee: (laughter) Probably not. Um, but yeah I was looking at my phone, and most of the time in high school like I’d… look at my phone and it’d be like, my parentsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -and now it’s like, there’re like, two calls from my parents and then like, 50 calls from like a bunch of different people, like, I don’t know, trying to organize stuff or finding out where people are or… yeah. I don’t know. So Interviewer: That’s pretty cool. Um… so… yeah so any text messages, emails, social media interactions, you saidInterviewee: Social media not that much. Interviewer: you’re not usually a fan of social media... Interviewee: Yeah, I have, um, I have Instagram on my phone, um, because I have like a Finsta? It’s like a fake… Instagram… Interviewer: Oh! Interviewee: Um, and, I haven’t really posted in it for a while, it’s been since August 14th, and, I don’t really post that often. It’s just when like really kinda funny things happenInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: That like, I think it’s funny, like, it’s… like the last thing I posted was me and my boss’ conversation, and I said that I was going to be back from my lunch break a little bit late, and it was my last day of work, and he replied “you’re fired” and I said “oh my god”... Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: ...and he said “don’t bother coming in tomorrow,” so like, y’know, like, funny things like that. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Interviewee: Um, but, yeah so social media… I don’t really think that shows anything about, like, who I hang out with because it’s kind of very general. Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: Texts, you could see who I hang out with, like, my friends mostly, or like people I meet in school. Interviewer: (unintelligible) Interviewee: And then, emails, not necessarily who I hang out with, but like, more, like, formal acquaintances, y’know, soInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -teachers, or club presidents, or…(sigh) Oxford Registrar (laughter). Interviewer: (laughter) Oxford Registrar isInterviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: -on top of things. Interviewee: Yeah, exactly. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: SoInterviewer: Um, so how do you decide, like, which mode of communication do you use over another one? Is it just, whichever you prefer, or…? Interviewee: Hmm… that’s a good question. Okay so, I also, now that I’ve, like, looked around, there are also like, two other modes of- It’s like Snapchat as well, which I don’t use that often. Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: And like, MessengerInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -Facebook Messenger. So, back home, most of my friends used Facebook Messenger, which is kind of weird, so if I’m texting someone from home, depending on who it is, sometimes I’ll text in Facebook Messenger. Um, a group chat- a group chat of my friends… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: ...at home, um, has- uses Facebook Messenger, so I’ll- I’ll text in that if I need to talk to them. Otherwise, um, if it’s people from here I’ll text them, call, um, obviously email, whatever. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: WhatsApp, now, I’ve really, like, have missed a lot. WhatsApp is like, mostly, when- yeah. It’s like mostly for my family, because some of my family lives in Ecuador, soInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -if I’m texting them or calling them, it’ll be through there. And then Snapchat… I really don’t use it. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I don’t know if that really counts, but, yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. So would you say it’s like, more based on like the groups of people that you’re talking to, or just…? Interviewee: Yeah, definitely. So it just kind of depends on, like, what- like there’s, like, a precedent that’s already been set. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, whatever form of communication I’ve always communicated with them… with them in, is usually the one I’ll… Interviewer: That makes sense. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Um, any patterns that you notice in the communication in your device? (aside) that’s really vague. Interviewee: Mmm, I mean- okay, let’s see. So, I think- well, I’ve been using- I’ve been using social media and like, my phone less, so… patterns? Um, I- I don’t know. I feel like I have really short conversations in Messages, or it’s like, planning things, um, with my friends from home it’s usually, like, longer conversations about, like, what’s going on in their lives and stuff. Um, so yeah, so I think like, WhatsApp, Messenger, and Messages are both kind of used in the same way. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And so there aren’t really any, like, differing patterns there; all of it’s just kind of the same. Um, I don’t know, I guess eMail is what I use the most, just because, for school y’know? Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: And… so yeah I don’t really know of any patterns, there’s just like, all the time. (laughter) Interviewer: Yeah, exactly. Interviewee: And then, um, Snapchat, I guess it’s kind of interesting. Snapchat, I like, sometimes I’ll go through these phases where I’m like, super into streaks and stuff, and then I’m like, “I can’t do this.” So I just open everybody’s Snapchats and just leave them all on “Opened.” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I’ll just like, make it known, throughout my friends, like, in person, and be like, “I’m- I’m not trying to not respond to you, but I’m also like, not trying to use Snapchat.” Interviewer: (unintelligible) Interviewee: “So just like, letting you know.” Interviewer: Honestly. Yeah. That… makes a lot of sense. Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: Um… so, what are your, like, most important interactions with people that aren’t on the phone? Interviewee: Most important? Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: Um… I mean I guess...I guess just like sitting down and having conversations, um, depending on… who it is, about different things is going to be more important than others. (aside) That was kind of worded badly. But, um, for example if I was talking to an acquaintanceInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -from school, y’know? Um, or like a friend, then I will, like, (sigh) I don’t know, maybe the most significant conversation or like, interaction with them would be like talking about something personal, or talking about, um, something, like, having like a really intellectual argument, or something like debate something that I kind of, find interesting, um. Somewhatever that I would think about by myself, if I were to share that with other people, I would consider that to be a pretty significant, um, conversation or interaction. Or with my parents, um, I think that it would change slightly, mostly because my parents usually already know, like, most of the stuff that’s just going on in my life, so, if there’s ever a time where we sit down and reflect on a past- a shared past experience, or a past experience that I have that they know about, or they had that I know about, that would be a significant conversation I think. �Interviewer: That was very eloquent. Interviewee: (laughter) Thanks, I appreciate it. Interviewer: (laughter) You’re welcome. Um, so, any- ok so now we’re switching to places. So any, uh, apps that you have that record, like, the places that you’ve been? I mean, you said that you don’t like SnapMaps all that much. Interviewee: No. Um, yeah, so, I think the one thing that would record where I’ve been, other than- other than Instagram whenever I post, um, sometimes I’ll tag where I was, or the general location. I don’t know if I’ve done that in a while but sometimes I will. Um, so, for example I went to go see a movie with, um, my friends back home, um, and so I s- I tagged the Summerville (sp?) Theatre, because that’s where I went to go see the movie. Um, but, other than that I think whatever places would be like, in the Location, um- in like the location of my iCalCalendar remindersInterviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: So, yeah. Interviewer: Any apps that you use to like, navigate places? Interviewee: Mostly no, just because I know where the campus- where like mostInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -things on campus are. Um, I… don’t really use my phone when I’m driving at home, to, like- I have Waze on my phone, and GP- and the Maps, but I don’t use them ever, um, I have them just in case, but the car I use has a GPSInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -so I just use that. I just think it’s like… text coming down… I don’t know; It really stresses me out to like, see, like, whatever, and then I’m already like a- like stressed driver so Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I don’t know. I don’t really- I don’t like the… Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. So any apps that you use to track your movement? Or- any location that you’ve been? Interviewee: Not really. Unless I’m missing something particularly obvious. I don’t really think so, no. Interviewer: Yeah. Tracking movement is kind of...creepy. �Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: I was going to think of a better word, but that’s all I got. Interviewee: Yeah, no, that’s like ah- yeah. Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: I mean unless I’m writing- nah, I mean not really. I mean in high school I used to write note of like, cool running routesInterviewer: Oh, cool. Interviewee: But other than that, I mean like- (laughter) I don’t know. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have your Location Services turned on for your phone? Interviewee: Yes, um, just because my parents, like, wannaInterviewer: Wanna know where you are? Interviewee: -wanna know where I am. Also I- I lose my phone a fair amount, soInterviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: -that’s kind of nice. Interviewer: That little Find My iPhone thing’s real handy. Interviewee: Exactly. Interviewer: Yeah. Um so, how did you first learn to like, navigate places, like, without your phone? Did you like, memorize landmarks or…? Interviewee: Um, I’m usually pretty good with memorizing landmarks. I think I’m like a- I don’t really know if it’s like a kinetic learner or a visual learner, I don’t really know, but um, I’ve always been pretty good with memorizing like, paths, or- It’s not even memorizing for me. I guess it just makes sense in the context of it? Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: Like if I’m reading it’s the same kind of deal. So I think that that’s… what it is. On campus I like, looked at a map of the campus before I got here too, to like, try to memorize a little bit of like, where I shouldInterviewer: That’s so smart. �Interviewee: -be going. Mmm...mostly because I really hate feeling like a freshman though. Interviewer: Yeah. It’s the worst. Interviewee: (laughter) So, yeah. Interviewer: Um, any apps- anything that’s not like, recorded in an app that you- that’s like an important location or… somewhere that you go a lot or…? Interviewee: Um, I really like finding really like, cutesy little, like, nooks to go study, so I’ve been just taking it upon myself to like, every time I go study I have to study in, like, a different place on campus. So that’s not recorded in my phone, but sometimes I’ll come up hereInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -in Candler. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I don’t know if I’m allowed to say that, but I’m- okay. UmInterviewer: They know where we are. Interviewee: Yeah. Um, but yeah. So maybe I’ll go to the library, or, I’ll go into one of the other halls. Pierce Hall, Tarbutton, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Depends on the day. Interviewer: Makes sense. Any apps you use to- well, discover new places, I guess that’s like what you were just talking about but anything, like, outside of campus? Interviewee: Um, I don’t use apps, I don’t think so. I mean unless I was trying to find something specific- I was thinking about going on like a hike, or doing that- just like a- just going with my friends. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, I think- I haven’t done it yet, but what I would do, and what I probably will do, this afternoon or tomorrow, is go online, maybe on my phone, and um, like search up ‘cool hiking routes or places’ and that would be, like the Safari app I guess? Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: (sigh) Yeah. I mean- yeah. So- but most of the places I go on campus- like there’s a cemetery that’s like- past WilliamsInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -and I’ll go run, like past thereInterviewer: (laughter) That’s brave. Interviewee: Yeah- I’ve encountered some weird stuff back thereInterviewer: Oh no. Interviewee: -I’ve gotta say. (laughter) It’s been really odd. But um- no I mean I- I never, like took- like used my phone for it like, I just went and explored, just like running like a little bit past where I ran the day before, y’know? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Which… Is it safe, is it not safe, we don’t really know. (laughter) Interviewer: You made it here, you’re fine. Interviewee: Yeah, exactly. Interviewer: Okay, so now we’re going to do social media, yay! Interviewee: Woohoo! Interviewer: Okay, so this is like anything that you’ve created; YouTube, Instagram, et. cetera, Google Search history, all of- all of that. Interviewee: Beautiful. Okay. Interviewer: So, what apps or programs do you use to- do you use most to access or produce media? (aside) So basically like, what social media do you use? Interviewee: Okay, so… social media I use most. Um, I guess I use Instagram the- well it- okay it depends what you’re counting as social media. Um, I don’t have the Facebook app on my phone because I… I really hate itInterviewer: It’s awful. Interviewee: Um, but I feel like… it’s kept me a little bit out of the loop which is a little bit stressful but then I guess, I haven’t really felt anything too much just because clubs haven’t started yet. �Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: So, that may… that decision may or may not change. But, I’m happy for now with just looking it up on like, on my computer when and if I need to go look on like, the Emory class page. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, so, the apps I do use, Snapchat and Instagram. And then Messenger, which is what I- so like, even though I don’t have the Facebook app, I do have the Messenger app, that’s exclusively like the Messages through Facebook, Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Yeah that’s pretty smart actually. Interviewee: Um, yeah. So, I don’t know if I- I’m not going to count that as social media just because it’s like, its- I’m talking with one personInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -not, like, posting for a large group. Interviewer: Exactly. Interviewee: Um, which, you could make the same argument about Snapchat, but Snapchat’s… I don’t know- I don’t reallyInterviewer: I mean, Snapchat does have- like you can post your Story so it’s a large group of people instead of just… one-on-one conversationsInterviewee: Yes. Interviewer: -so that makes sense. Interviewee: So, yeah, so social media. I have that, I have SoundCloud as well, which is likeInterviewer: Mmm. Interviewee: I… used to write music, a little bit, andInterviewer: Wow. Interviewee: -post that on Snapchat, and- on- sorry, on SoundCloud, but I have like a… like alike an account that nobody knows I have, so any followers I have on that account don’t know who I am, or don’t know my name. �Interviewer: Smart. Interviewee: Yeah. So, no one I know- no one I know personally knowsInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -that I have that. Interviewer: Exactly. Um, so, what makes you prefer one app over the other? Interviewee: SoundCloud mostly just because it’s like- it’s- it’s what I use to- oh, I forgot VSCO as well that’s a thing. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So sorry. Um, so, SoundCloud I like because- not because of the app but just because it is like a vehicle through which I like, can express myself and whatever y’know? Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And then VSCO’s kind of the same deal. I don’t post- I don’t have like a big account on there for other people, and I don’t post photos, like mostly of myself; I post like, photos that I… Like, photos that I took of like random things, like random inanimate objects. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: That I really, I don’t know, that I just like the photos of. So… Interviewer: This is going to sound dumb, but what is VSCO because I don’tInterviewee: Ohhh… Interviewer: -have or know what that is. Interviewee: ...that’s interesting. So, this is like, basically like Instagram, um, it- I don’t really know what else you can do with it, other than- like, I don’t even know- there- I know there’s a feed. I don’t even know how to get to the feed. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Like, all I do is like, use it to collect photos that I really like, and then like, I have followers on there, but they’re no one I- like, I don’t know them. Interviewer: Right, yeah. �Interviewee: (laughter) At all. So, yeah it’s not like a- I don’t use it as a communication, I use it as just, um, where I go to like, collectInterviewer: All your cool photos. Interviewee: -thoughts- yeah. Interviewer: Okay, that makes sense. Okay cool. Interviewee: So, those, because of like the anonymity I have, through the fact that I don’t know anybody that follows meInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I like those the best. Interviewer: That makes sense. Interviewee: Snapchat and Instagram, if I have something funny to share, then Instagram’s kind of funInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -but other than that, I don’t care. Interviewer: So, what do you use just to like, create media the most? Do you do that, or do you just kind of stay away from that? Interviewee: Well, to create- to create songs I guess, um, SoundCloud. Although I do everything in GarageBandInterviewer: (aside) I love GarageBand. Interviewee: What? Interviewer: I said I love GarageBand. Interviewee: It’s a really great thingInterviewer: It’s really awesome. Interviewee: Like, honestly, like one of my first memories of using it, I would sit down, and like, I- I played violin forInterviewer: Oh wow. �Interviewee: -like, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen years? Interviewer: Whoa. Interviewee: (laughter) I like just- just like finally quit-quit. You know, for the last time? And, I would sit down and like, fidget around with SoundCloud- um, we had a lot of instruments in my house growing up, so- floating around, like, piano, guitar, all that stuff. All the different types of guitars. So I would sit down and like- (laughter) just kind of go wild, likeInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -creating these weird sound effects, and all those things, and, um, really just kind of like learning GarageBand through exploring and not really likeInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: (laughter) -knowing how to do anything. Yeah, I would spend hours and hours and hours. Interviewer: That’s pretty cool. Interviewee: Um, but yeah. Interviewer: Um, so what examples are- of- are s… let me rephrase. Interviewee: Mmm-hmm. (laughter) Interviewer: What are some examples of media that are really important to you? Photos, music, whatever else. Interviewee: Media… yeah, so I guess music. Um, music and… music and photos, but not photos that I’ve like, curated for- to like post on Instagram. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Like photos, like the ones I was saying for of like- just like me standing. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, or, inanimate objects, or random things that I’ve likes. Interviewer: Yeah. That’s pretty cool. Um, so, you don’t really like alter any of your photos or anything? Or do you…? Interviewee: Um, if I- okay so I had a- I used to have an Instagram account, like a real Instagram account. Um, but it got hacked- �Interviewer: Mmm. Interviewee: -and I don’t really care about it, so I just kind of letInterviewer: Let itInterviewee: -them have it, so yeah. So, when I had that, I would like, put filters on it, I don’t know, what more- what most people do I guess. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, but now I don’t. I don’t really… Interviewer: Did you just use the Instagram app for that or did you have, like, another…? Interviewee: No, usually I had just the Instagram account- Instagram app, unless I was making like a- like this was more in middle school but sometimes- you know you would make, like, birthday posts for your friendsInterviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: -and you’d use, like the Collage app, to likeInterviewer: I love that app. Interviewee: Yeah. (laughter) Interviewer: Yeah, I know… (laughter) Interviewee: So I’d do that, but like… Interviewer: Um, so, any patterns that you notice in your media use? Interviewee: Um, I definitely go in waves, I- I’m not a crazy consistent person, like, by nature so I think that reflects in my social media use. I, uh, will get kind of really randomly into making music, and posting things on SoundCloud and like, discovering other artists, and then that’ll kind of fade away and I’ll pick up like, VSCO and I’ll take a bunch of photos and do that. And then that will kind of go away, and I’ll kind of live my life and I’ll rediscover SoundCloudInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -or rediscover VSCO a couple months later... Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. That makes sense. Alright so, what do you use to store your media, any kind of media? Just... �Interviewee: To store… (sigh) I mean my Photos app, um, my Notes; sometimes I’ll store like, collections of, like, thought- random thoughts, I guessInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -or photos or whatever it is, and, um, and kind of in a way SoundCloud and VSCO, as much as they are just to kind of- I feel like they’re mostly just storage for me. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Like, yes it is sharing- it’s like a storage that other people can see, but for me it’s like, just storage. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Like I don’t care if other people see it or not. Interviewer: That makes sense, yeah. Um, so what do you do to like, protect your privacy on social media? Interviewee: Not- not a lot. Obviously, by the fact that my Instagram got hackedInterviewer: (laughter) Yeah… Interviewee: (laughter) -probably, like, I should be doing more. But, um, I don’t really post anything personal on InstagramInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -that I know of. So, not- not a lot. I do have the- like, the PrivacyInterviewer: Settings? Interviewee: -you can’t see my posts unless I, like- we’re friends. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, and Snapchat is the same way. Although, like, I don’t know, some random people, like, added me on Snapchat and I don’t know who they areInterviewer: I hate when that happens. Interviewee: -and now I’m really uncomfortable so, yeah, so I block them. But yeah, so like, those things, it’s just kind of like on a case-by-case basis; I don’t really make any big preemptive measures to...uh, protect myself. �Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Which, is probably not great. Interviewer: Makes sense. Alright, history time. Yay. Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: So, how did you start tech- digital technology? Interviewee: Um, I think that one of the first things I did was, um, I- I think we kind of used them in school intermittently, just, um… like projectors, to go, like we’d have the Elmo… they have those nowInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -but like they had the… the- these, um, projectors on- on wheelsInterviewer: I know exactly what you’re talking about. Interviewee: -that they would bring into the classroom- yeah, um, we would do, like, like, math problems and you had to go up and you’d do a math problem and every- everybody could see on the board. So, that was kind of like the first thing that I can remember. Um, my dad likes to tell me this story where, um, when I was a kid, I- I was like, really, really, really young; I don’t really know how old I was- I was like less than- I was like two or three years old. Interviewer: Mmm. Interviewee: And I, um, had taken all of the- the cassettes- (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -this makes me sound old. I had taken all of the cassettes out of the cupboard, and I had like, put them, like, as blocks and made like a little snakeInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -all around the living room. And, I don’t know, my dad was I- my dad was very impressed by thisInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -I don’t really know. Um, so, yeah, so I think that just like- it shows a lot about my personality towards technology that I think has kind of held through. And that is that, like, I don’t really use it in the way it’s sup- intended to be used- �Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -I just kind of co-opt it to… Interviewer: Whatever. Interviewee: ...do my own thing, yeahInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -whatever kind of suits me. Interviewer: Um, so, of anything- of everything that you’ve described, like, thus far, which was the hardest for you to learn, or to pick up? Interviewee: (sigh) The hardest thing for me to learn, I think, um, the hardest thing for me to learn how to deal with is social media, just because I didn’t really have an interest to go and like actually go explore social mediaInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -before it became, almost like a social pressure, like social… like necessity to have it, and to like… be really good at it. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, so that was probably the- the hardest to kind of catch up and like… catch on to. Um, the actual, like, most difficult to figure out how to like, navigate around was um, s- um… uh, GarageBand, just because there’s complicated and I was a lot younger. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But it wasn’t something that I didn’t like to do so it didn’t really feel like work to me. Interviewer: What, uh- do you want to explain, like, when and how you started learning these, or…? Interviewee: Um, when I started learning… I think when I was- I must have been maybe fourth or fifth grade when I started with the GarageBand, and I was in seventh grade- um, I had just found GarageBand on my computer- on like, I didn’t have a computer it was like, a PC family computer. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: Um, and that was with the GarageBand in fourth or fifth grade. And then when I got older, I had a phone, like I had an iPhone when I was in, I would have been in seventh or eighth grade, and that’s when I caught on to the whole social media thingInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -um, and that didn’t last very long either. Interviewer: Yeah, makes sense. Um, anything you wish you knew how to do on your device? Or just, in general, with digital media? Interviewee: In general? Um, I kind of- not really stuff I wish I knew how to do for myself, but it’s just I really find it interesting to see what things go viral and what things don’t. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And it- I don’t know, I feel like it’d be kind of an interesting thing to learn about like, the science behind, um, getting a lot of followers and what people tend to gravitate to. Interviewer: Right. That’s pretty cool. Um, do you think you have, like, enough digital skills to work in, like, a professional context? Interviewee: Um, I think that- ooh, I didn’t- I actually forgot about this. So I actually- my mom is a- is an Angel InvestorInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -and she also helps, like, startups. Interviewer: That’s really cool. Interviewee: So- yeah, I mean it’s… I don’t know. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, so she was working with this company that was like, it was like a lingerie company. But like, more, um, like, really laid back, like, clothes you’d wear on like a Sunday morning type thing. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: This company hired her to help them, like, see if- well, we- I- I live on the East Coast, so, um… help them- this is a West Coast company so she was kind of helping them see if there was a really big market on the East Coast. And like, how they would need to, um, kind of, like portray the company- �Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: -on the East Coast if they were going to try to sell. So, um, my mom didn’t really know a lot about social media and she was like, “Sure, just go ahead and try!” So, um, I... was kind of set in charge of, like, figuring out how to market these clothesInterviewer: Wow! Interviewee: -on social media, which was- I didn’t really think- I was like, “Eh, this is going to be fine, I’m like, a sophomore in high school I can do this.” Um, but it’s hard, like, you know? Interviewer: It is really hard. Interviewee: Um, you don’t want to sound too curated; you also don’t want to sound too, uh, like ditzyInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -I don’t really know, it- its- once you start thinking about it too hard you kind of go down a rabbit hole. Um, so… and now I’ve gone off into a tangent I don’t remember your question, sorry! (laughter) What was-? Interviewer: It was, “Do you think you could, like, use digital media in like a professional context?” Interviewee: So, yeah. So I think that like, I probably could, because of that experience, because I know that it’s harder than I thinkInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: How’d it end up working out? Out of curiosity. Interviewee: Um, it actually worked out pretty well. We did, um, these, uh- like these garage sale type things where you just- we’d like rent out a space or, like, someone’s house or something and just have, like, an open house where people would come in and like, drink wine and eat things and... shop. Interviewer: That’s really cool! Interviewee: And- yeah I mean, the social media kind of worked. I… I-I basically all I did was like, set it up, and then start it a little bit, and then hand it over to the owner of the companyInterviewer: Right. �Interviewee: -and I was like “Look, like, you can go- you can do whatever you want-” (unintelligible) Interviewer: It’ll be fine. Interviewee: She still uses the Instagram, and the InstagramInterviewer: Oh! Interviewee: -like, has a bunch of, like, it’s doing really wellInterviewer: That’s really cool. Interviewee: -but it’s mostly, like, California people, notInterviewer: That is really cool though. I’ve never heard of anybody doing that before. That’s pretty awesome. Interviewee: (unintelligible) (laughter) Interviewer: Um, so, how would you describe someone who you think is ‘digitally literate’? Interviewee: I guess it would be someone that… or who- what I envision is someone that, um, is able to solve problems, kind of with ease… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: ...um, with using social media, or without it. So like I- my grandfather, for example, he, um, I feel like is really soc- like, digitally lit- digitally literate. Um, and it’s kind of interesting to see how my grandmother approaches problems next to my grandfather. Because my grandmother will always go, like, pen and paper approach. Like, she won’t even think to use social media, or think to use any sort of digital technology. Versus my grandfather, um, it’s kind of like, fifty-fifty chance, like, whateverInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -he needs; maybe- maybe it does use whatever but like, he’s able to think of that as an option as wellInterviewer: Right. Interviewer: -just as legitimate an option as any other. Interviewer: Do you think you’re digitally literate? Interviewee: Somewhat. Probably not as much as I should be, but I’m kind of okay with that. �Interviewer: How do you, like- wha- what about you makes you think that? Interviewee: Um, I think that I, while I know- so my- my immediate reaction to a problem- II’m very comfortable using digital media or not using digital media, but I choose to try to use digital media before I’ll use- I mean I- I’m- I try to… aah, sorry, I like, caught myself. Um, I (sigh) will choose to use something other than digital media before I will try to use digital media, just… I don’t know, in protest, I guess. I don’t really know. Interviewer: (laughter) Just to be ornery? Interviewee: Yeah- yeah, I guess. Interviewer: Yeah. I get it. Um, anything else that you want to tell me? Interviewee: Um, uh… (laughter) Interviewer: I know. Interviewee: N-not really? I don’t know. (laughter) I’m just- I guess that’s it. Interviewer: Alright, cool! Well, thank you very much! Interviewee: I- Thank you. (laughter) Interviewer: Awesome! (aside) Alright. Interviewee: (laughter) Alright. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Faith Ford Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 24 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Ecuador Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Ecuadorian-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Hispanic Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 11 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 5 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with a First-Year Ecuadorian-American College Student About Her Use of Digital Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #8 - Post-1980 Birthdate Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple college student Ecuadorian-American iPhone post-1980 birthdate https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/e0d943a3a0365a77697143e2c7820068.pdf ae186ddf250634196561d9dbd9059df5 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Self-Described Non-Digitally Literate College Professor Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #6 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 10, 2018 Transcript Interviewer: So. Okay, so , in this interview I’m going to ask you on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you and that you use routinely, like your phone, laptop, et. cetera. Um, so we’re going to look at, like, records of your activities or just- calendar entries, emails, that kind of thing, just to tell me kind of, what you do and what- how that interacts with technology if that makes sense. Um, so you can decide what to comment on, what questions to answer, what to ignore… Uh, if there’s anything you’re not comfortable answering, feel free to not. Um, if you would, like an-any time you reference, like, a person, outside of me or your just use like, a name for them rather than like their actual name, like, a coworker, a friend, a boss, just so that we don’t have anybody’s personal information out. Don’t reference any illegal activities so that I don’t get in troubleInterviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: -right, all of those things. Interviewee: Got it. Interviewer: Um, any questions for me before we get started? Interviewee: I don’t think so. Interviewer: Alright, awesome. Okay, so first, tell me about why you chose this device. Interviewee: Ah. Um, well, I’m looking at my phone- mostly because I think it encompasses a lot of different devices. So, for instance, I’m kind of addicted to my Kindle. But, if I need to, I can read my Kindle books on my phone. Which I do. A lot. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, it kind of combines those things. Um, there are...ah, a lot of stuff I do on my phone is… not just- like, not work. So if I’m working, I prefer my computer most of the time. But, um, right now my computer at home is terribly slow, and so I hate it. Interviewer: (laughter) �Interviewee: And so, I have to come in to work to do that. So, the phone takes up this kind of space, when I don’t have access to my computer, which is kind of what I prefer working on. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But it also takes up this kind of space where I have access to the fun stuff. Like it- it annoys me that it combines so many things on it. But I can use it in lieu of all of those other things. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I don’t like it as much as those other thingsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -but I think I’m more attached to it- (aside) that was one of the things you said? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: -tha- um, than the other things, because I can do everything on it even though not as well. Interviewer: Right. (laughter) Interviewee: Like, I’d prefer my Kindle, when I’m reading, to the screen on this. I’d prefer my computer when I’m grading, to the screen on- well, I don’t grade on my phone. But, you know, I’d prefer checking my email on my computer. But I can do all that here, just not as well. Interviewer: Right. It’s just a little bit handier. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: And it’s so- yeah. And I also hate- um… I- I- I like that the fact that anybody can get ahold of me when I want them to get ahold of me. But I hate that anybody can get ahold of me when I don’t want them to get ahold of me. Interviewer: That also is understandable. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: So, first we’re going to talk about your activities. So, y- I want you to look through, like, any records of activities that you were involved with, just during the last month, any records of anything in your calendar, in your emails, that kind of thing. Do you- are you okay with that? �Interviewee: Yeah. So, do you want me to tell you what I’ve done through my calendar, or...? Interviewer: Yeah, just to see- just what’s recorded in your phone. Interviewee: Um, let’s see, (aside) okay so, today, I think… okay. (to interviewer) So, um, I have lunches, I have house things, like the exterminator is coming tomorrow, um, I have uh… full days given over to writing, so that reminds me that I’m supposed to write, even if I don’t. Um, classes, your- my interview with you is on here, doctor’s appointments, um, I went to a concert this weekendInterviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: -that’s on there. Um, I have cancelled classes, so I have classes but I put them in gray and I cancel them. Um, I have fall break, and, um, I had- I have lunch with a friend, um, I have a- an Oxford Research Scholar’s meeting so that’s on there. I proctored a f- a faculty member’s course, that’s on there, um… I have meetings, so I have student, dean, uh, student, student, (aside) papers were coming upInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -division meeting was on there, um… so, mostly classes, and a FaceTime with a student on the Atlanta Campus, when, um, the administrative assistant will be out of the office, y’know, um, when summer school courses are due, I don’t even teach summer school but I havebut there are people that I work with who I need to remind, um. Candidate lunches, beer with a friend, um, yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say that it’s more, like, work based, or more social based? Just for what you record on your calendar? Interviewee: Um, I’m more work based, but, um… that’s not really true; I go out to lunch more than anybody I know, I think. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, um… that’s not quite true, but, um… there are certainly more work things in my day that I need to be on time for than the social things that I do. Interviewer: Right. Intervieewee: Like, I do a lot of Instagramming and a lot of reading, and that’s not on my calendarInterviewer: Right. Makes sense. Interviewee: Y’know, so… �Interviewer: What, um, apps or programs do you use mostly to record your activities? Is it mostly calendar, or…? Interviewee: Yeah, I think so. Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. Do you notice any like, patterns in the activities that you are involved in? Interviewee: Um, I’m not sure if this is what you mean, but for instance, I sometimes don’t check my calendar or even find my phone on weekends. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, um, and, I don’t miss it most of the time. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: My dad’s sick right now, so I’m paying more attention to the phone, but, um, my sister has my home phone number so she can get ahold of me if she needs to. Interviewer: (inaudible) Interviewee: Um, so yeah, so I- I, occasionally- I doubt I do it on purpose, but I certainly don’t look for it- like lose my phone on the weekendsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -not really lose, but just, not pay attention to where it is. Interviewer: Exactly. Interviewee: Um, so- so part of the pattern is that there is a lot of stuff on weekdays, and oftentimes if I do schedule things on weekends I have to write it on my mirror in the bathroomInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -because I will not find my phone. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So there’s- so that’s kind of a pattern. Um, class days are um, I often don’t look at my phone on class days because I don’t schedule anything on class days, because I teach all day long. So, those are kind of patterns. Like, there are days with meetings and days without meetings. And, y’know, that kind of thing. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: ...yeah, I’m not sure what other kind of patterns you (unintelligible) Interviewer: No, that was… fantastic. Any major activities that are not recorded in the phone? Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter) That could mean a lot of things… I’m gonna- um, major activities, um, not scheduled activities, right? Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah, so mostly scheduled activities, um, I put on the calendar, yeah, um… I do an awful lot of things that aren’t on my calendarInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -but they’re not generally scheduled. Interviewer: That makes sense. Um, so now we’re gonna switch to talking about people, so we’re just going to look at, like, contacts, social media, that kind of thing, just to see how you interact with the people in your life. So, what- first, what programs do you use just do communicate with people. Is it just…? Interviewee: Email is my favorite. And um, um, text, so I do a lot of texting and a lot of emailing. Um, text, I use for people that I really actually care about getting in touch with. That’s not true. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, there’s a lot of… there’s a lot of… I get a lot of junk in my email. Interviewer: Yep. Interviewee: I get very little junk in my text mail. So, if somebody wants to cut through the crap, they need to text me. Interviewer: Understandable. Interviewee: Right? Um, and so, that’s- y’know, that’s something that I’m partial to, and if I just want to get ahold of somebody, y’know, I try to be very polite to people, I don’t text them unless they’ve texted me first, or, you know. So there’s a politeness issue that goes on there. Or if it’s about something we’re going to do that’s fun, or something, or if I think they need to know something in an emergency. �Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I’ll text them. Um, but so, email is kind of for business, um, and things that don’t need to take, you know, time. Like I’ll text family; I very rarely email family. But I will. And I text my colleagues, who I have the most in common with and I do things with the most, other than, right, texting about lunch. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: But, you know, the first invite may be an email. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: That kind of thing. Um, I also keep in touch with people… I have a Facebook account. It’s too overwhelming for me, there’s too many people on itInterviewer: Yes. Interviewee: And they- an- and I don’t wanna know, like, what everybody else got invited to and I didn’t get invited to. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I just don’t want to know those things. So, I really kind of go in there, and I um… what I do with that is I get pictures of my niece and nephew. Interviewer: Aw. Interviewee: So, my family and my sisters, I- I will, um, I will go on Facebook to see pictures of them. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And I will specifically go to my sister’s website and you know, cut all the rest of the crap. I’m also a big Instagram person. Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: Um, but I- I have, like, very few people; actually, weirdly a lot amount of people who follow me on Instagram. But, few of them do I know. And so, I only follow a few people on Instagram, and so, that’s a little less overwhelming for me. There’s fewer people that I have to keep track of, um, and that I feel like if I miss, somebody is going to get hurt. Interviewer: (laughter) �Interviewee: Um, so Instagram is a big one for me, in- in, you know, kind of communicating [At this point the recording was interrupted by a phone call. It resumes as the Interviewee is discussing a friend.] Interviewee: ...he takes pictures for his friends. Like, he’ll take pictures of things he knows, and he lives very close to where I grew upInterviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: -so he consistently takes pictures of the lake, and he certainly- like if he goes by my old house he’ll take a picture of that. He won’t say anything about it, but I’ll know, right? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: So, um, so communicating in photographs as well. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, what else? (aside) For communicating? (to Interviewer) I think that’s about it, for communicating. Interviewer: Yeah. How do you decide which modes of communication to use over another one? Interviewee: Um, proximity of the person, right? So, like, I will text people who I do things with on a regular basis a lot more. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But then, that also includes my family, who live on like, the West Coast, so I don’t do things with themInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -but I’m constantly in communication with them and I want them to have immediate contact to me. Um, one I didn’t mention, which is interesting, is um, Waze? Interviewer: Oh! Interviewee: So that’s… I communicate with my husband a lot through Waze. Interviewer: Oh, wow. Huh. Interviewee: Which is basically- and I don’t mean like I text him, because I do text him, (unintelligible) but he knows where I am, so if I leave work and I’m, you know- I forget to pick the dogs up. �Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So he sends me texts all the time, “Don’t forget to pick the dogs up.” So, um, so I will- I will put on Waze so that he knows I’m on my way to the dog...thing. So he’ll know that I’m on my way, right? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And, that, you know, that he doesn’t need to remind me. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, like, that kind of communication, which is sort of weird, but, um, but I do communicate that way too. And, the decision is generally- like I don’t… the only people I contact on Waze are people I’m actually meeting up with, so only people I do things with. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So that’s, interestingly, one of the most, like- I only do that with people that I’m close to. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, (laughter) which seems weird, because it’s the one that- like it has the least amount of um, uh… Instagram I just do on a regular basis. I try to do a few things every week. But it’s not a- it’s kind of a more general thing. Facebook I just hate. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Texting, yeah, uh, mostly people that, you know, I’m actually going to talk to. And phone. You know, I actually phone people occasionally. Interviewer: Oh, nice. Interviewee: Mostly my mother... Interviewer: (laughter) Fantastic. Interviewee: ...and my dad. Interviewer: Um, any major, like, communication that is not on the phone? Interviewee: Well, so I walk around campus a lot. I- I actually like to see people face to face. So if I have something to say to somebody; if I want to talk to {redacted} at the library, I will go there and talk to her, I won’t call her up. �Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I mean, sometimes I will, if I’m in a hurry but for the most part, I’ll get out of my chair, and I’ll go talk to people. Um, and uh, you know, I have- if I want to go talk to, you know, somebody down the hall or whatever, I’ll get up and go. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Face-to-face communication, I do a lot of, and I practice that consciously. Interviewer: (laughter) Very smart. Interviewee: Um, cause I like people. And I don’t always want to talk to them on the phone(cellphone text chimes)- and I think we really have an issue… Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: ...with, uh- (aside) That’s my friend who takes pictures…(laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter)... saying he’s safe. Um, I-I think we don’t often… I think we communicate too much over non- like, where you can’t see the other person’s face. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And where you can’t hear the other person’s voice. Um, you know, and you can’t grab their hand if they really need you. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I think that’s- I think… I miss that. I don’t know if that’s a good thing or a bad thing; I think it’s a different thing and I don’t deal well with it. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, um… what was the question? Interviewer: (laughter) Any major communication not on the phone? Interviewee: Yeah, um… photos, that’s not on the phone, but also on computer… (sighs) I mean, lunch, I think, is the same kind of thing. Interviewer: Right. �Interviewee: I don’t go to the cafeteria very oftenInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -I go to lunch with like, one or two people… Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Because I like to talk to people! Like, actually like to talk to peopleInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -and have conversationsInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -not just, like, hit and miss, you know? And um, so I consciously try to create spaces for that. Interviewer: Hard to do that in Lil’s. Interviewee: Yeah. I used to have parties, but it’s getting harder and harder to do that. Everybody’s busy. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, yeah. Interviewer: Understandable. (laughter) So, we talked about people, now we’re going to move on to places. Interviewee: Okay. Interviewer: I know you mentioned Waze, are there any other, like, major, um, apps or programs you use to get- like, to navigate you places, or anything to do with location? Interviewee: I use them all. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So, Apple Maps, Google Maps, um, um, Waze… Kayak? Interviewer: Hmm. Interviewee: You know, for like, plane tickets and stuff like that? �Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: Um… I would consider the weather app to be- (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter) a travel app. Interviewer: It basically is. (laughter) Interviewee: But, um, but not specifically. Um, I used to have, like, one of those big old GPS’sInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -but now you have them on your phone, so, I use maps, I actually use, like, paper maps, still. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: But, um, I don’t like to be lost. Interviewer: Yeah (laughter) Interviewee: Um, but yeah, all of those things? Interviewer: Yeah. That makes sense. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Um, are there any, like, apps that have records of places that you visited? Interviewee: Oh, Instagram. And my, you know, so like, the Google PhotoInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -thing, um, has, y’know… yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Like, way too many photos. Interviewer: Understandable. Would you mind going through and just, like, telling me about them? You don’t have to show me, but… �Interviewee: So, last… um, let’s see. Ah! So, um… (laughter) so Instagram has a- a picture of me and my husband at the Tabernacle, um, because we went to a Simple Minds concert, which is a- an 80s concert. Interviewer: Awesome! Interviewee: And it was- it was the freaking whitest crowd I’ve been toInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -in a long time, and the band was more diverseInterviewer: Wow. That’s rare. Interviewee: -than the crowd. Like, two fifth of the- two-fifths of the ban- of the band was black and female. Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: And this was like an all white, 50-year-old crowd. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: It was a little frightening. Interviewer: That’s odd. Interviewee: So, I’ve got pictures of my husband making Halloween stuffInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -uh, this weekend- I kind of recorded this weekend because it was a- so I have like, stuff that I did, beading and walking with friends, and then I have lots of pictures with my dog. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And I went to a conference in New York, that’s kind of documented. More pictures of my dogs, writing- I have a- I have- this is from- this is from when I was writingInterviewee: Ooh. Interviewee: -the paper from the conference. Interviewer: Nice! �Interviewee: So I’ve got- but this is like- this is a word, “taradiddle” that came up while I was looking something up, and so I justInterviewer; That’s a real word. Interviewee: -took a screenshot- It’s a real word. Interviewer: Look at that. Interviewee: Weird stuff like that, I’ve got, umInterviewer: Do all of these have, like, your location tagged; where you were when you…? Interviewee: Um, a lot of them do. The ones that I have at home I don’t put a location tag on very often. Then there’s stuff like, I’ve- my niece and nephew came out. There’s a lot of pictures here from the travel with my niece and nephew. And then, I was in Florence, um- Oregon over most of the summer, so I’ve got lots of pictures with my niece and nephew. I’ve got a huge group of pictures from Costa Rica last time I went. Interviewer: Ooh, fancy. Interviewee: And, um, you know, um, pictures of Christmas and pictures of, you know, travels and Christmas stuff that I did. I like leaves. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: You know, I have- I have a thing that’s called, um, Commute? It’s a thing that I kind of do irregularly, which is take pictures of my commute. Interviewer: Oh? Interviewee: Because when I was driving, I’ve been driving back and forth for about three years now and there’s just some really interesting stuff. Interviewer: Interesting. That’s really cool. Interviewee: And so I thought that I would, like, make myself stop. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And take pictures of those things and put them on Instagram, so… Interviewer: That’s really interesting. So, do you- do you, like, use any apps to check in to places, like do you have your Location Services on, or do you just kind of…? Interviewee: No. I mean like- like so, let people know where I- no. (laughter) �Interviewer: Yeah. I understand. I don’t either. Interviewee: Yeah, if there are one or two people who need to know where I am… I don’t need everybody in the world to know where I am. Interviewer: Yeah. Any apps you use to navigate places, just specifically navigation? Interviewee: Waze, um, but sometimes Waze goes out and does weird thingsInterviewer: It does. Interviewee: -and so I also have, kind of- and then I think the second one I normally go to is, um, Apple Maps and then Google Maps, depending on my...hierarchy. Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. Any patterns you notice in your locations, based on what’s reflected in your phone? Interviewee: ...yeah. (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, so there’s a commute section, right? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: That’s kind of like… and uh, a weekend section, which always has a couple of places where I walk my dogs- I mean not sections but categories, I would say. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: So, um, is that what you’re asking? Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: And then there’s always a whole, Florence, you know, where my parents live, over the summerInterviewer: Oh, that’s cool. Interviewee: -and then, you know, like my family. And, um, then, uh, Costa Rica every other year, has a huge, like, bunch of photos that go into it. During the school year, I often- there’s often like a bunch of pictures from my intro class that does projects, and um, so like, events like that. If I go to a conference there’s a couple of pictures from a conference. Um… so I tend to- I tend to take, y’know, groups of photos based on place. �Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, that makes sense. Any important locations to you that are not shown on your phone? Interviewee: I don’t have enough pictures of my house. Like, of my actual house. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I’ve got a couple, but when I go to show people; they ask my what my house looks like because all my family’s in Florence, and I can never show them pictures of… so yeah, not enough pictures of my house. Um… no, I do a pretty good job of taking pictures. Interviewer: Yeah. (laughter) Interviewee: (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Well, good job! Alright, so now we’re going to talk about media, kind of back to the social media thing. So, uh, do you feel like you produce media, for yourself? That could be anything digitial; writing, music, anyth- pictures, like anything. Interviewee: Produce it… like, d-do I use GarageBand, kind of thing? (laughter) Interviewer: (laughter) Well, just likeInterviewee: Because no. (laughter) Interviewer: -do you- (laughter) Do you make, like, anything that you would consider media? Interviewee: ...pictures? Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: Um, I… doodle? Like, that. (gestures to drawing on wall) Interviewer: Ah! Interviewee: And occasionally I’ll take a picture of that and document it. Um, I definitely writeInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: um, a lot of the- anything published is up online. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, I take a lot of photographs; Instagram- so I guess that’s kind of media. Um, when I’m in Florence and I want my family to see pictures I will put pictures up on Facebook sometimes. �Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, I write poetry but it stays on my computer; nobody gets to see that. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, music. Like I use music, I download it, but I don’t reallyInterviewer: Create it? Interviewee: -create it, yeah. Um, I can’t think of anything else. Maybe I don’t, since I can’t think of anything else. Interviewer: That’s fair. Uh, what do you use most to create that kind of media, like Word, or Google Docs, or…? Interviewee: Um… Interviewer: ...Instagram? Interviewee: Word is my go-to, just because I’m used to it. Um, I’ve been using a lot more Google Docs lately, just because there are things that I have that don’t have Word on it. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um… yeah. Interviewer: Do you use any of that on your- on your actual phone? Interviewee: I hate typing with my thumbs. I type a hundred words a minute. So… this irritates me. Interviewer: Yes. It- it’s frustrating. Interviewee: I put myself through school as a secretary. Um, y’know, that’s one of the reasons my phone irritates me so much. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Because I can- I can write really fast on a keyboard. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, and I have to stop- I can’t think that slowly. �Interviewer: I understand. (laughter) Um, so based only on what’s on your phone, what do you use the most? Interviewee: Text. Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah, I think I’ve had some- and the phone, but um- and Instagram, to produce, y’know, kind of art or whatever. I take pictures. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And, y’know… Instagram. Interviewer: Any patterns that you notice in your media use, in what you make, or in what you consume, or…? Interviewee: Um… the worse the news the more I… Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: ...read. Take pictures. And do things that- make jewelry. Um, yeah, but in terms of media use… um, I don’t know about patterns. I know there are, like, y’know, places I’m getting more texts at a time. But I can go for weeks without that happening and have like one thing happen… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So that’s not really a pattern. That’s just, y’know, there are times when it’s worse and times when it’s better. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I don’t think it’s, like, a regular thing. Although, summers, when I’m with my family, um, that’s kind of crazy because there’s, y’know, a million of them. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I have very few friends here, but I have a very big family. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: So when I’m home, I’m surrounded by people, and I’m constantly in touch with them. Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: Here it’s mostly work, and y’know, an occasional lunch or whatever. Interviewer: Yeah, makes sense. Um, do you have any for like, protecting your privacy when you’re online, or when you’re making media? Interviewee: Oh, I just got a really obnoxious- well, I’m fairly well versed at phishing things, I’m not very- uh, I don’t get caught in those very often. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: My, um, my partner is a- y’know, he’s very good at data things. I’m not as careful as he isInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: -because I just can’t remember everything. He’s got- like, he- he randomly generates his passwords. Interviewer: Wow. Interviewee: I just can’t remember everything like that. And so- but I’m very good at, y’know, coming up with good passwords. Interviewer: Good. Interviewee: Even my partner says I’m good at coming up with passwords. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Even if I’m not- y’know, randomly generating them. But uh, I’m very good at that, I don’t… uh, like for instance I’ll have groups of things with different passwords so I don’t have like one password. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And so, I can cancel like a whole group of something or I can, y’know, do it if I need to. I just got a nasty gram that basically said somebody had like, horrible things of me on film and I’m just like- I asked my husband and he’s like, “Yeah, no.” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And so, y’know, ignore that, but… one of the most dan- one of the ways I don’t protect myself is that I will use open Wifi, which I know… Interviewer: Yeah. It’s handy �Interviewee: Yeah, and it’s everywhere! And, y’know, you can get people phishing in on your stuff, but so far… um, no. And one of the ways I protect myself is I pretty much understand anything I write onto anything electronic as being public. Interviewer: RIght. Interviewee: So if it’s not public, I don’t write it. Interviewer: Exactly. Interviewee: Y’know, even if it’s privately to somebody, I think to myself, “Could I accidentally send this to somebody? Could I accidentally...y’know.” Interviewer: That’s...very wise. Interviewee: So, I’m not always perfect at it, but I’m probably better than most. So... Interviewer: Pretty good. Any important media use that’s not on your phone? Like anything that’s on your computer, on your TV, your tablet or whatever? Interviewee: Oh, we don’t have a TV. Interviewer: Oh? Interviewee: So, we watch a lot of YouTube; like we have big screen, and a projector at home. Interviewer: Oh, nice! Interviewee: Um, and so that’s mostly like- y’know, Fire Stick or whatever? Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: So… we don’t watch a lot of TV but when we do, that’s kind of important. We watch movies on Netflix... Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: … that kind of thing. That’s on my phone, I suppose, but I never do that on my phone. Um, my hus- my part- my husband will occasionally watch, like, y’know, a five-minute comedy thing at breakfast on his phoneInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -with me, but for the most part, no. So there’s that. Grading- I do not grade on my phone, like I said earlier. �Interviewer: (laughter) Yeah. Interviewee: So there’s that. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I don’t pay my bills on my phone, but I do pay them on my computer. Interviewer: Yeah, that makes sense. Okay, so now we’re going to talk about your personal history a little bit. So how did you first start using, like, digital technology in general. Was there like…? Interviewee: …(sighs) Okay, this will age me. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: In 1985… Interviewer: Ooh! Interviewee: ...um, Apple started putting- it might have been 1986. Started putting computers in the basements of selected colleges. One of those- so actually, it was before that. So that’s a big thing, is that, for all of my college career, there were um- computers in the basement. Nobody had their own, like nobody had their own. Interviewer: RIght. Interviewee: But there were computers in the basement so you hadInterviewer: You had access. Interviewee: Yeah. But my aunt worked for IBM. Interviewer: Ooh! Interviewee: She was the Vice-President of IBM. Interviewer: Oh, wow. Interviewee: And we would occasionally- when I was a kid, like five, six years old, go up, and she had those little punch cards? Interviewer: Yeah. �Interviewee: And she let us run them through for her. And then I would type things up for her when I was a little kid. I’d, like, type- she’d give me a thing and I’d type those at like, 6 o’clo- 6 six years old and I’d type letters for her. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And- y’know, in DOS, which I don’t know if you even know what that is. Interviewer: Vaguely. Interviewee: Yeah, that was like a long time ago. So yeah, at a- at a very young age I would mess- I messed around with people’s computers. Um, and that took a thing. Um, and then… but then we had a computer in the classroom that you could play games on and stuff. Interviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: I didn’t do much with that but it was there. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And then they had- they had desktops- desktop computersInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -in the basement in the classroom, and then I got out of college, y’know, my whole work was on computers because I was a reporter. And it took me a long time to- I would have to write out the first- like the first, opening, y’know, kind of paragraphs, and then I could type after that, but it took me a couple of years to be able to not- to be able to thinkInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -with a keyboard and not with a pen. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, so that was kind of this, y’know, must have been… I don’t know, ten, fifteen years later when those brick cellphones came out? Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: I was going back and forth to grad school, and we got one of those because I was driving back and forth five hours in the snow on weekends. Interviewer: Ooh. �Interviewee: And so, y’know, my husband made me get a new car- I’d never had a new car before that either. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: And he was like, “You’re getting a new car, and a cellphone.” And- that we- I justhardly ever used. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: But we charged it up before I left. Interviewer: Just in case. Interviewee: Yeah, and so that was kind of in the car, (unintelligible). Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Y’know, and now, it’s in my back pocket all the time. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Right? It’s just this kind of… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, so you’ve described a lot of activities over the course of this interview, which do you think was the most difficult for you to learn? Or the most complex? Interviewee: … Oh, I think the phone keeps getting more and more complex… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: Um, and specifically, (laughter) I haven’t talked about this a whole lot but this is the thing that irritates me about all of this stuff is...iTunes. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Just because I cannot get my music from one place to another without it being a big pain! Interviewer: (laughter) �Interviewee: It sometimes takes me weeks, sometimes months, because I won’t do- I won’t, y’know… Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And so, trying to- trying to get something from one place to the other, and especially music has been- I do listen to music a lot, I have an iPod, which, I’m trying to wean myself off of, because it’s- I can’t get stuff onto it anymore. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So none of my new music is on it, but I can’t get my old music off of it. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: So, y’know, that’s been like- that kind of thing, just trying to get to know a particular, um, uh, way of manipulating my own data. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Because the things that we have to manipulate our own data in; they make it very difficultInterviewer: RightInterviewee: -to like move or doInterviewer: -yeah… Interviewee: -anything with, and um, so I think that it is a success for um, financiers and or, y’know, the people who own and buy stocks in those media spaces... Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: ...to do those kinds of things, but I think it is an abject failure for usersInterviewer: Right. Interviewee: -that we have not, um, that we don’t have something that’s more, um, uh, compatibleInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -um, across platforms. �Interviewer: Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. Um, do you use that for more of a… business circlike a business section of your life or more socialInterviewee: Social. Interviewer: -yeah. Interviewee: Yeah, it’s mostly music that irritates the crap out of me. Interviewer: (laughter) Yes. Interviewee: And then trying to listen to it on my phone, it’s like- I can’t…(sighs). I own all these CDs. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I’ve got them on the- y’know, but I can’t get them on my phone. Interviewer: Right. Yeah. That makes a lot of sense. Um, when do you think you learned to do the most difficult activities that you feel comfortable with now? Interviewee: Moving from, um, a non-iPhone to an iPhone- and I did that for the photographic quality. Interviewer: Right (laughter) Interviewee: Um, was difficult There’s all sorts of things that the iPhone doesn’t do. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: Like, you can’t- like, the scrolling thing when you write something down? You can’t just scroll through it. Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: You have to like, individually hit the things? Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: That drove me crazy. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: So I think maybe two or three years ago? Two or three years ago when I switched to an iPhone, having to curtail a lot of the things that I could do. And I did it for the photographs. �Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: And I’m not sure it’s worth it. Interviewer: (laughter) Understandable. Um, is there anything that you wish you knew how to do on your device? Interviewee: Yes, I think about this all the time but I cannot think of- I can’t think specifically of what right now, but there’s always th- like one is the music. Just.. figuring out how to make the music easier, um, there’s consistently things that I’m like, “Aahh!” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Um, but I can’t think of anything really specific right now… yeah sorry. Interviewer: Nope, that’s totally fine. Interviewee: It’s just kind of, very small thingsInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -fairly consistentlyInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -not anything big that I’m thinking of. Interviewer: Yeah, I understand. Do you think- I mean…(sighs) you probably al- know the answer to this already, but do you think you have enough digital skills to operate professionally, or in a business context? Interviewee: ...Yes and no. So, um, so I think that businesses have a tendency to look for people who can, kind of- “do Excel.” Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: As opposed to, like, do you know how to work a spreadsheet. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: And can you learn this one too? Because a lot of those are very much the same. Interviewer: Yeah! Interviewer: And what you really want is somebody who can think through things and learn things; I can do that. �Interviewer: Yes. Interviewee: I don’t know all of the, y’know- I also worked as what’s called a “Kelly Girl.” Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: Which is basically secretarial. Because I-I learned how to type on a manual typewriterInterviewer: Mmm-hmm. Interviewee: -and then an electric typewriter. Interviewer: Ooh. Interviewee: Like I said, I can type really fast. So, um, so- I could get paid really decent- like I could get a job in 24 hours. I could get onto L.A. from Oregon, get a job in 24 hours, and be paid top dollar. Y’know, for a secretary. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Um, and make enough money to go back and pay for my education for the next year with a summer job. Full time. And- and a Kelly Girl is they go in and they test you, like they go in and they take all of your typing skills. And you can go into these places and they’ll go in and teach you whatever the newest thing is, like Dropbox or y’know, whatever. And they’ll give you these things and you’ll go in and study- and do them. I could do that. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, um, I’ve used a lot of publishing programs when I was in- when I was a reporter, um, so all of those things I could learn, but I don’t have the immediate skills- it would take me a month or so to kind of say, “What’s the media I need here; how do I train myself to do that?” Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: So, I’m competent enough to get that fairly quickly, but I couldn’t just move into a job. Like there’s some kind of expertise involved in thatInterviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: -I couldn’t just, y’know, move into a job without kind of working at that. Interviewer: Do you think you have enough digital skills to operate in a more personal context? �Interviewee: I think I do, it irritates me but I do it. (laughter) Interviewer: That makes- yeah (laughter) That makes a lot of sense. Um, how would you describe someone who you think is like, digitally literate. Or…? Interviewee: I don’t think anybody’s digitally liter- digitally literate. Like, my husband is the most digitally literate person I know. He’s been an engineer, he writes his own, ‘y’know, data stuff. Like, {redacted} or, well, yeahInterviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: Some of our IT guys who actually write programs for us, right? They’re great at what they do and they’re incredibly digitally literate. But things are h- they run into trouble too. Like a lot of what they do is troubleshoot. Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: Right? So digitally literate in this kind of sense is about troubleshooting, it’s knowing how to figure out the problems. It’s not about doing it right anymore. Right? Interviewer: Right. Interviewee: I mean, that’s what it kind of seems like to meInterviewer: Yeah! Interviewee: -you don’t just do things right. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: You go back and figure out what the problems are consistently; it’s a consistent problem-solving thing. As opposed to just using the stuff. And I think that’s the most frustrating thing to me, is that I don’t want to spend so much time trying to figure out what’s wrong. Interviewer: (laughter) Interviewee: But even the people who are digitally literate do that, soInterviewer: Would you consider yourself to be digitally literate? Interviewee: ...um… Interviewer: In that context? �Interviewee: I’m not a programmer. Um, I have taken programming courses; I know the logic of programming, so I think I am- like- like in a non-programming kind of fashion I think I’m pretty digitally literate. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: But I’m not that next step up, which is kind of, y’know, programmer. Interviewer: A professional, right. Interviewee: Yeah. And I do have a tendency to get myself in enough trouble where I need somebody to bail me out on occasion. Interviewer: (laughter) Makes sense, yeah. Interviewee: Yeah. And PCs… like, I hate… Interviewer: The worst? Interviewee: They- they changed again. So, I’m like- y’know, now I’m calling for help again. Interviewer: (laughter) Understandable. Um, is there anything else that you’d like me to know, before we conclude the interview? Interviewee: ...I miss talking to people, like I miss actually- I do it, on a regular basis, and there’s even some friends that I now have who actually practice that too. Um, especially with me, because they know that I do that for them. But, um, I don’t think we get up out of our seats andor away from our phones and talk to each other enough. I think we use them as barriers, and I think that um… so I guess what I’d like you to know is that they are wonderful things. I wouldn’t want to do without mine, but I wish we more consciously practiced… uh, the messy world around us, y’know? And being uncomfortable with other people, and making fools of ourselves, and, y’know, all of that where you actually have to be face-to-face with somebody, um, to do it. And not just the bad stuff… I think it’s the risk that scares people. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: And I think that the more you avoid the risk the more scareder you are- it’s very low stakes. Interviewer: Yeah. Interviewee: I mean, falling on your ass makes people laugh at you, for a while. But it’s better than not getting out and walking at all, I mean. So, we just need to, I think, realize the stakes of face-to-face encounters are much less than they seem to be when we’re normally on mediating kind of technology. And I love my technology but that makes me sad. �Interviewer: Yeah. I understand. Well, thank you so much for this interview, I really appreciate it. Interviewee: No problem. Interviewer: Alright. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Faith Ford Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anonymous Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 29 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Ohio, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Ohio, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1965-1970 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Professor Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 40 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 21 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity DOS Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Cellphone Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. iPhone 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interiew with a Self-Described Non-Digitally Literate College Professor Description An account of the resource Interview #6 - Pre-1980 Birthdate An interview with a college professor about their use of their iPhone 8 and other technology. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Cellphone DOS iPhone professor https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/95bca64498a12d7ba16f93a0599a0762.png 52f763eb498593775af2ecd7639e2345 https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/4f9ca6309df5da91a233558b5950d95d.pdf 57a01491f66f1f3e0060b3e60eec5641 PDF Text Text An Interview with a Taiwanese-American College Student About Her Use of the Apple Watch Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #11 - Post-1980 Birthdate September 23, 2018 Introduction: This is an oral history interview with N, a Taiwanese-American female, currently studying at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of N. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so N drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Transcript: D: Hello, my name is D, and I'm going to your interviewer. Very nice to meet you! Okay, so in this interview, I'm going to ask you to give me a tour on your digital device---on the digital device that is significant to you---that you use it regularly. And as you mentioned before, you wanted to use your Apple Watch. N: Um, yeah. D: Um—if you don't mind, can I take a picture of your device? N: (Nod and show watch) D: (Take picture) Okay, thank you. Um, so tell me a little bit about this device. Why do you choose this device, really? N: �Um—so I chose this device because it's the device that I have with me most often. Because it's a watch, I have—I just put it on my arm. I don't really think about it. And I kind of just goes through the day. And I’m—oh, sorry, before having this though, I didn't really check my phone that often because I turned off all my notifications. Because I just don’t—I feel like it kind of— it’s kind of annoying. But then I also—it prevents me from being—but from like, being connected to my friends them— because I'm not able to use social media as often. But then having this watch is really helpful. Because the notification can just pop up, and then since it's on my arm, it kind of—it prompts me to kind of just check it naturally. So it's, yeah, I can reply to my friends faster now. So yeah. D: Really cool. Okay, so, uh, you tell me before that, you know, you do more thing, like with your watch. So I'm gonna ask you like, what Apple programs really, that you use your device for? N: Hmm. Um, I usually use the—the two devices—I mean the two apps that I use the most on my Apple Watch are the phone one just because—um— because it's hands-free. So I can be multitasking like doing something while also talking to my parents or my friends or something like that. And then the second device I use the most is—it’s like activities tracker. So it tracks all my steps like a pedometer would do. It tracks—like—my heartbeat rate, and it tracks how much exercise I'm getting. So that way, I can try to live a more healthy lifestyle. D: Wow, that's really cool! Yeah, so about the two that you mentioned before, which—which of those are the most important to you? N: Um—I think the most important is probably the activity tracker. Because that's kind of how I gauge whether or not I'm living a more healthy lifestyle every day. For example, during the summer when I was working, I didn't really exercise that much, so it will kind of reminds me reminders that I have to exercise. So that would really help keep me on track to make sure that I do everything I need to to be more healthy, I guess. Yeah and then also, because it's a watch, you know, I usually just check the time. It's really convenient compared to checking the time on my phone and stuff. Yeah. D: Well, that's very intuitive. Um—what are the pattern that you notice in your activities and roles of the places that your device play? N: Yeah. I got you. Oh, well, usually when the good thing about the watch the watch is like, you know, the screen that I have. So the screen, you can actually change different into different kinds of screens. But the reason I stick with the screen the most is because it has the activity tracker and the heartbeat checker on here. And it also has the weather, which is really nice, in case I want to look at it. Um, so the pattern that I notice is that every time I check my watch for the time, I also can just conveniently check how much I—I have been active today. So I guess that's �kind of the role that my device plays in the activities that I use. Because like, if I just if I go like this, then I can just automatically see my active the activities that I'm doing. Are they kind of out by us? I guess so. Okay. Does that make sense? D: Yeah. Okay. It's very cool. So what other important activities that your default device doesn't reflect upon? N: Um, most—I guess, the most important to learn, I know that my device doesn't reflect on social media and texting. So this one, I can—I can text from it, like, I can do messenger, Facebook Messenger, and those kinds of things. But I prefer not to unless it's very urgent because it's even it doesn't have a keyboard. It's either you speak into it, or you have to write it out. So that's one of the things I don't really do on my watch, and then also another thing with social media, I can't really check social media with this because it's too small. So that's another thing that it's not reflecting on my device. Yeah. D: Oh, really? Cool. So on to the next part, I'm going to ask you—I’m going to ask you about you know, how you interact with the people. Do you have any kind of interaction activity with people recorded on your devices? Like your text messages, your email, your social media interactions, or your video calls? And if you don't mind can you show me some of them? N: (Showing watch) Yeah, so I, um the most apps I use the most well this-this is kind of like the watch is connected to my phone. So all the texts messages I have, or the recent call that how they're all on my phone. So you can see here, so usually, I just call my parents. It's really—I mean, I don't really use my phone unless it's like calling my parents and then because my friends I usually just text them. But um, yeah, so the app that I used the most to communicate with other people is probably my phone on the Apple Watch. D: Thank you. We kind of like the opposite of each other. What other important interactions with people that are not reflected and in the information on your devices? N: Hmm. Um, well, like I said, before, social media text messages, I usually check on my phone. But other than that, I personally, I prefer face to face interaction over text messages—text messaging just because I think it's easier to get tone across. It's also like, when I'm talking to people I like having conversations with them, rather than sending a text and then getting a text back. And then it's kind of feel like it's kind of more authentic when it's face to face. So usually, the most important interactions I have are actually in person and not really on any devices. D: �Good! Good! So for the next section, I'm going to ask you about the places that your devices may interact with. Do you have any kind of navigational apps or any kind of mapping or your calendar on your—on your devices that you often used? N: Right. Um, well, for location, I don't really use the mouse on this-this watch because again, the screen is kind of small. Um, but it is linked to the Find My iPhone because my parents use my iPhone to track where I am, just to make sure I'm safe. You know, so I have that on my phone. I also have my watch, on my laptop so they can know like, where—where I am. Um, and then also, my phone has a feature where you can ping your phone to find it in case you lose it. So I use this for that too, because I lose my phone very easily. That’s—that’s also why I like chose to like my watch. Because like, it's it's always on me. It's it's harder to lose, I guess, compared to my phone. But yeah, and then and then. Sorry, it was all calendar Oh, for the calendar, I usually there's events that I sometimes I've planned events on my phone. And then because the phone and the watch are connected they send automatic notifications to my watch whenever the event is getting close by. So that's how I track events on my calendar. But usually I just use a planner like a physical planner just because it's easier for me to visualize. D: That's very cool! What patterns do you notice in places you visit and your movement from place to place to place? N: I noticed that I tend to stay in one place a lot. Um, for example, like if my parents—my parents usually see that I'm at Oxford college. So weekdays I'm usually I'm just at Oxford and then only on weekends, I really go out. That’s kind of how I was at home to like thing, we didn't really go anywhere. So my location, it's just—it just stays in one place. And then on weekdays they know I go like usually like Atlanta, and then it goes back. I don't know. Is that like a pattern does not going to answer the question? D: Yeah, of course! You know, you mostly, you know, focus on your study during weekdays. N: Yeah, but like, I noticed that the place I go the most is the library. Yeah, yeah. So there's that. But yeah, I don't really record like, I'm kind of like you like, I don't really besides Find My iPhone. I don't allow any other things to track my phone. I'm only—only thing is like Google Maps. But for that one. I usually I—I put it on while using app like, track my location while using app so when I'm not using the out. I don't allow it to. Kind of like I'm paranoid of—like the people tracking stuff. Yeah, so. D: It's very normal, actually. Yeah. So how do you first learn to navigate to new locations? Do you use that device or use something else? �N: Hmm. I usually memorize landmarks, at back home. I so—I’ll just wherever my parents are driving, I kind of just look. Oh, I see. This is CVS. And then this is. So when I talk about going somewhere. I imagine what is around that place. And then from there, I kind of discern where I'm supposed to go from a certain part. But it's very bad way. Like after starting to drive, I realized it's much easier to just learn street names, because that's when— when driving, like driving is a lot different than like walking somewhere, I guess. But yeah, like, it's easier to memorize street names. So I'm learning to navigate new locations. I guess first I learned by like, seeing visualizing locations, kind of seeing—seeing visually seeing where each places in.Yeah. D: That’s very cool! You have—you have much better application of skills. N: And I still—I still need help discerning like north, east, south west, so it's really hard. D: I think that is where navigational apps came in handy. N: Yeah, definitely! D: So, um what important places or navigational practices are not reflected in information on your device? N: Um, I think like I said before, probably just how I learned to navigate—yeah. Like, also, when I go to amusement parks and stuff, the way I usually navigate is—I just look at the map, and then I look at the pictures, and then I just see which picture matches up with which are building so yeah. D: Yeah, okay. In this section, that it would be a little bit more fun, I guess. Because talking about—start to talk about social media in general. Like, what do you usually do on your devices like social media posts, texts, videos, music, maybe shows, and so on, so forth. So could you name some programs that you able to accessed using your devices? N: Um, for my Apple Watch, I usually used the music app, because I'm sometimes—I have. So I use—I use these kind of earbuds. So they're wireless. So because they're wireless, sometimes I just have my earbuds and I don't really have my phone with me because I tried to keep my phone as far away as possible when I'm doing work, just so I don't get distracted easily. So my watch is also connected to the music app. So if I do want to skip a song, or change the volume of it, I usually just use the watch to skip or that kind of thing. So that was I say, that's the most media centered app I use on my boy, I also it's also connected to text messages. So sometimes, �occasionally, if I don't have my phone with me, I'll just answer the text message really quickly on my watch, too, because it's easier that way. So yeah, those are the two that I used the most. D: I didn't know that the Apple Watch has that kind of feature as well. Yeah, really cool! So can you give me some examples of the media that you’ve produced or altered in some way? N: Um, well, on my Apple Watch, I can’t really produce or alter any media, so I guess the only thing is altering to like—if I defined skipping music as altering— I guess it could be like that. But usually I create media on my—my laptop, like I make videos and stuff, but it's mostly on my laptop. Yeah. D: That's good! What pattern do you noticed in your media used? N: Um, I noticed that I don't really use media, unless I'm aware of it. So I'm not—and I'm usually not aware of it unless there's like, a notification that pops up or something like that. Yeah. D: Yeah! Tell me about your strategy for storing your media. N: Hmm. Well, I used Spotify for music the most, so Spotify is like— it's more—it’s connected to the internet. So it's not necessarily stored on any of my devices. It's just I go to the app, and then the app has all the music on it. D: Yes. And what are some ways that you share your media with others? N: Hmm… D: Do you—were you able to share any types of things? N: Um, not really—no, I guess the only thing is really text messages, If I don't have my phone with me, um… which is kind of often, I guess. Because I have the watch, it really does everything a phone does. Sometimes I'll just show—sh—show someone a text message I have, just like on the watch was just really easily. So I guess that's how I share with others. Um…just visually, I guess. And then also in terms of social media, I use mostly just like Instagram, Snapchat, and then I don't really post, but I just—if there something that comes up occasionally. Oh, yeah— D: �But are those Instagrams— N: Oh, no, they're not on my watch. Yeah, yeah. D: But are they like—connected? Like a notification connected? N: No, I didn't connect it. Because that one is too much. The only thing that's connected is like text messages. D: Oh okay, thank you for clarifying! N: Hmm. D: What other—ah—tell me about any strategies you have—you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? N: Hmm. So for—the phone, oh, well, the watch and the phone, they both have something on a TMobile, which is my carrier. They have a thing where they try to block out messages, I mean, try to block callers that are spam call—they might think are spam callers. So that's one way I can protect my privacy with like text messages and also phone usage. And then in terms of social media, my Instagram is on private, so I don't like yeah, and then my Facebook is like, also kind of, it's like, there's like a setting where you if you're not—if you're not friends with someone, you see less things about them so that I have that too. And then also on my Snapchats—Snapchat is just—it’s a really private in general is just because you only have a username, and then you have to know that person's username in order to have their Snapchat so yeah, so it's like—I guess those are the stories. D: What important media that are not reflected in the information on your devices? For example, you may read newspapers or magazines, listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies or play video games or you may not be involved in or you may be involved in creating such media. N: Hmm. I’m—the most important media that are not reflected in my—in information on my device is I have a YouTube channel and I create videos. So that's the most important media I guess. I don't really—it’s not—It’s not like really good. It's just for fun because I'm not that great. I'm �making videos—it’s just like something I yeah, something I do for fun. It's really—it’s really— it’s like distressing, I guess. Also the video I made is like on trips that I went to in the past. So it's really nice going back to my YouTube channel and just want rewatching them for that feeling of nostalgia. And then I don’t—ah—ah—I guess—ah also. Yeah, so that would be the question media portion. And then um…some— when I go to the supermarket, (laughter) I usually get a magazine and then I read it while I'm at the supermarket. And afterwards, I returned the magazine (laughter). So that’s—so that’s—it's not really important, I guess. But it’s—it's a way for me to stay connected with the news, I guess. The latest gossip that's going around (laughter) yeah, that kind of stuff. D: Yeah, I’m completely understand that. N: Yeah. D: I found that you using YouTube to create something is really cool. And of course, you could only do it on a computer or some bigger—um—devices. N: Yeah. Yeah. D: Um, so this section is about you, and how you learn—using digital technology. And so the big question is how did you—how did you start using the digital technology? How has your relationship with it changed over time? N: Sorry. Okay. Okay. Um—so I started using digital technology when I was around five. So I that was 13 years ago. ( Checking my recording) Oh, is this it still on? D: Yeah. N: Okay, cool. Cool. Um, yeah—so that's how I really got into digital technologies before it was really just a source of entertainment. But it's really grown to become ver— like, not just entertainment—a tool I'm able to use to, firstly, mostly connect with people and do social media. And then secondly—um—kind of, it's a way to—for me to just de-stress like, by making videos or listening to music, that kind of thing. Um, so—but so, yeah, it's really grown. And I think that’s—so that's kind of how my relationship with that has changed over time. And I saw the— the way I started. Oh, yeah, so—so I had a Gameboy—a advanced Gameboy. And then, so yeah—so my first interactions with digital technology was mostly media, I mean, was mostly entertainment. Sorry. So like, learning the controls. That was really helpful, because I noticed a lot of video games I played after the Game Boy, have the same controls like, up, down—side, �left, right, and then jumping. There's always one button for jumping one button for running or attacking or something like that. And so—um—my skills for u—for playing on the game were really helped transition for like Wii or DS or that kind of thing. Um, but in terms of digital technology, such as phones, I didn't get my first phone until I was about 13, which is like, sixth grade-ish, seventh grade. Um… and so that was—that wasn't that big of a shock, actually, because I feel like as a young kid, I just played with my parents’ phone (laughter). D: Yeah (laughter). N: Through that I was really able to develop the skills for using social media is helpful and the kind of things.Yeah. D: Um—um the activities you have just described so far, which were the most complex to you—for you to learn? N: Mmm hmm…(thinking) Well, on my Apple Watch, I say the most complex to learn is texting. Because—um—even when I have my ph—even before I had my Apple watch—I—the, you know, the iPhone, it has the Siri function, but I didn't really use that just because I didn't really feel comfortable (laughter) using it. D: Yeah. N: I don't know—I—just because I know that sometimes Siri hears things wrong. So for me, like the text me—using text messages on my phone that was the most—I mean, on my watch. Sorry, that was the most complex thing to learn. And I think what made it the most complex was probably because the screen was so small. So the only options you really have are to say it, and then they'll send it to for you. And then sometimes they hear it wrong which is kind of hard, so I had to speak really clearly for that. And then also you can write it down, which is, but that's like letter by letter. So, um, what makes it so complex I guess. It's just that—it’s inconvenient to use my watch, but it's, it's kind of contradicting for me to say that it's inconvenient, but it's also convenient (laughter) because it's inconvenient—because of the way the text you have the way you have to send text messages. But it's convenient for looking at text messages. So yeah… D: Yeah. Yeah. Of course. Um—oh, what context do you used your device for: informational, personal academics or civic and public use? N: �Um, it's mostly personally use just answering text messages, whether it's for myself, friends, or from my family. Yeah. D: Um, can you tell me about when and how you learn to complete these complex activities? N: Mm hmm. Um, well, for—(coughing) for the I went—for the wa—watch—Apple Watch. I—I think I learned how to complete them in when I first got it. Because when I first got I was really excited, so I just explored all the different apps that they had, and then how I can use each app. And how I learned to complete these complex activities was my parents—they wanted me to test it out, so they just sent me a text message, and then I would have to try to send it back to them. And then I just use—um, well, yeah, so like, because I wasn't used to using Siri. At first I kind of spoke just like words, and then—but then sometimes they're wrong, so I had to redo them. And then gradually, I guess through trial and error, I would—I learned what was the best way to get—ah—to—to write—have the right words I wanted texted back to my friend. D: Yes. Yeah, of course. Um…so can you tell me about any activity you wish you knew how to complete with your devices? N: Hmm. Um, I think the one—one thing I knew—I wish I knew how to complete was the—the app it has a—it has—a—it has a… It's a (searching on Apple Watch) oh, here. It's called the workout app. D: Oh! N: So it—like—it helps you work out. So it's like a personal trainer. But like a watch personal trainer. D: Ah-hmm. N: So there's like a bunch of different things that you can do with it, and then they'll just track like, how well you do it, and then also—like—how many calories you burn and um, yeah, I wish I knew how to use it. Or I wish—I yeah. I wish I knew how to use it because I feel like it'd be very helpful for me for exercising. D: Why will you not know—do you— N: �—Oh, I just— D: —not able to use it before or it’s just…(gesturing) N: I don't know. I feel like—um—well for my workouts where usually—I just did Dragon Boat workouts because I'm in Dragon Boat. And then so I just did whatever the coach told me to do. D: Ah-huh. N: So that he was kind of like my personal trainer (laughter), I guessed. Not personal like, group trainer, I guess. But then now that season ended. I feel like I don't really know how to actively pursue (pondering)— D: —the correct type of exercise. N: Yeah, so that's why I don't really use it. But it is one of the apps that I would like to use more often because I feel like definitely help keep track of how well I'm doing with my exercises. Yeah. D: Yeah. Of course! Okay, so what what are you really missing in order to learn how to complete it—did I just asked you? N: Oh, no, no, I think no—this is a good question. Um, mostly just—just motivation—motivation to work out. Yeah (laughter). D: Do you feel you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? Can you tell me about how you gauging that? N: Hmm. Um…I think that I do have the digital skills to operate efficiently or effectively. Sorry, because I am—I kind of grew up with digital technologies. So I know the basic stuff that is necessary to—to—to work in a—because like to work like using Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, those kinds of things and email to reply to people. So in terms of the professional context, I think that I am competent—I hope—I hope that I am competent enough. Umm, sorry…(my phone rang) D: No, no. It’s fine. �[Interruption. A phone call] D: Sent a message to me—to her real quick. Okay, sorry, let's just go on. I'm sorry. N: No, you're good. You're good (paused for a while). D: Umm…so…(waiting) N: Oh, sorry. What are you gonna say? D: I was going to ask you like—can you continue what you're saying before— N: —oh, no, no, you're good. Um, yeah, I think I'm done. Like, yeah, I know—I—I hope—I hope so yeah, I'm hope—I hope I'm competent enough to use—I can definitely—ah—basic like in terms of what people usually need for professional workplace. I think I know, like, I just need to be taught the more specific things that the work might specialize in. D: Yeah. Yes, of course! So in your personal context, you feel like you do—you feel like you have enough knowledge about it? N: Um, yeah. I think I—I—you—I have enough skills to use the things that I need to use in my personal life. Yeah. D: How about your academic life? N: Um, I think so. Because academically, we usually only use—at least in the classes I'm in right now, we use like canvas and we use email. And that's it, for the most part. And I think that those sites are pretty straightforward. So it's been pretty easy to use so on so forth. D: So how about in a civic and or public context? N: Um, I— I'm not sure. I think I think that—because—because like the public might know, they have—they might have different kinds of expectations for what digital—what digital skills are �required, or, like, required or a necessity for people to have. I don't feel like I am that digitally skill to operate effectively in a public context. D: Yeah. It is understandable. How would you describe someone who is digitally literate? What is your criteria or that person? N: Yeah. yeah. I think for someone to be digitally literate, they just have to—um—well, when I think of the term literate, I just think of someone who knows how to read a book and being able to read a book. I feel like it's very basic. So being digitally literate, I feel like it's just knowing the basics of how to use the digital technology. Um, well, but in terms of, you know, using advanced technology, I feel like that's different. Just like, how it's different for—like—how it's different being literate compared to knowing how to read and analyze like, a very advanced book. D: Yes, of course. Um, what do you consider yourself digitally literate? If so, how did you learn to be digitally literate? N: Hmm. Yeah, I think based on like, the definition, I just gave, like, very basic digital stuff I'm able to do and I think—I think it just came with a society I grew up in—I grew up in America, so I kind of as, like a first world country, you kind of have to keep up with everything, or else you're kind of you’re—you're behind because everyone else is always, you know, buying the newest technologies, that kind of thing. And so growing up here, it's easy to get caught up in kind of, or like, learn about technology. D: Yes. Mm hmm. Any other additional information that you would like to share with me? N: Oh, no, I think that's good. Yeah. D: Thank you for your time (laughter). Yeah, definitely (handshake and laughter). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Post-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed N (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 13 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born California, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1996-2000 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee Taiwanese-American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Asian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English, Mandarin Chinese Occupation College Student Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 13 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) Since birth Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Apple Watch Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. Apple Watch Series 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Taiwanese-American College Student About Her Use of the Apple Watch Description An account of the resource Interview #11 - Post-1980 Birthdate This is an oral history interview with N, a Taiwanese-American female, currently studying at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of N. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so N drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple Apple Watch college student Taiwanese-American https://apdh.oxomeka.org/files/original/6cfa975ee721b2db2897cf82a193f420.pdf 8d9d2d08c5ae8da4a62f73e7503b135e PDF Text Text An Interview with a Psychology Professor About Her Evolving Experiences with Technology Archive of Personal Digital History Interview #10 - Pre-1980 Birthdate October 4, 2018 Introduction: This is an oral history interview with Dr. A, a Caucasian female, currently teaching at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of Dr. A. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so Dr. A drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Transcript: D: Ma’am, so—um in this interview, I would like to ask you to take me on a guided tour of a digital device that is particularly significant to you. And that you use it regularly, like your mobile phones, laptop, desktop, computer, anything that you find that is—um—important in your life. Dr. A: Okay. D: And so—um—before we begin, do you have any questions or concerns? Dr. A: No. D: Okay. Thank you! Do—ah— so—um as you said before that you wanted to use your laptop. Can you tell me the reason why you choose to use this device? Dr. A: So you mean for the interview? �D: Yes. Dr. A: —Or just in general? Okay, so—um I guess it's probably the device I use most frequently— um—and I use it for work and all kinds of things. D: Yes, ma’am. Um—so for this part of the—um interview, I'm going to ask you like—um—what activity Do you usually use this device for? Like, on your laptop y—there’s many features, apps and you know, such as things that enable you to have access to a larger—ah—community or information or of the community? What apps or programs if any, do you use to plan coordinate or record your activities? Dr. A: So I used email a lot, and then—ah—the email program I use has a calendar function. So—um— I used that to record things. D: So the calendar thing that like very important for almost everyone. Dr. A: Yes. D: Um—based on what you see on your devices. What are your main activities? Unknown 1:53 Um—my main activity, I would say, well, email would certainly rank up there pretty high. Ah— what else do I used? Ah—search—web searching for various things. Certainly, I used word for writing papers and tests and all those fun things. Um—what other programs do I used?Ah— PowerPoint for getting lectures together. D: Ahah. Dr. A: Let's see, I'm just looking at common ones. Ah—I used a statistics program when I'm doing data analyses. D: Oh wow… Dr. A: And what else do I used? Ah—oh, I keep my—my photos on my laptop, so I used the photo program. �D: Yes, ma'am. So of all these—um programs that you described, which one do you feel like is the most important to you? Like, you have to use it or else… Dr. A: Probably email. D: Yeah, I heard from Professor that they have to check their emails so many times a day. Dr. A: Yes. D: Um—what patterns do you noticed in your activities and the role of your device played in them? Dr. A: Can you tell me a little bit more what you're asking? Unknown 3:14 So it's kind of like—like—um you know, how you describe your regular activities. What do you notice that—that’s, you know, your laptop enable you to do like—like, what kind of patterns do you find that you do? Do you have to refer back to your laptop regularly to do this device, or you know, what sorts of you know… Dr. A: So gosh, I feel like, I use it constantly. If I'm in my office—I’m, which is, you know, much of the day I am sitting in front of my computer. And so, I'm regularly switching back and forth between—so I always have my email and my calendar up, but then I might be working on, you know, slides for class tomorrow, or writing—ah—you know, working on some writing for research, or can I think what else? So, I’m—I switch back and forth a lot in terms of what I do, but it’s—I use it pretty much all day, every day (laughter). D: (Laughter) So would you say that is like—very important to you? Like, if you forgot your laptop at home one day (laughter)? Like, what will happen? Dr. A: I would go home to get it (laughter). D: (Laughter) Dr. A: I mean, yeah, I can't really get through the day without it. D: �Yes, thank you. Um—what other important activities that are not reflected on the information of your devices. So what others thing that you do that, you know, doesn't necessarily involving your device that—you know, you don't need it, and it doesn't reflect on that type of activities? Dr. A: Oh, so work related things or outside of work? Or what do you thinking? D: It could be work related things that—because you do work and you have, like, use your laptop in order to do work. It could relate it to that, or it could be something else that, you know, you find important in your life, and, you know, you don't necessarily use… Dr. A: Oh, okay, um, well, I try not to use it—ah—all the time at home (laughter). Um, so I tried to have time during the day where I don't have my laptop going, and I'm with my family, my kids and things like that. Um—at work, like during regular, you know, workday hours—um—the only time I'm really not on my computer is if I'm in a meeting or—ah— meeting with students or teaching—when I'm teaching, I'm not on my computer. I'm usually on the computer in the classroom. D: Yeah (laugh). Dr. A: So I would say at work, there aren't a lot of times that I'm not using it. But at home, I try to— ah—try to minimize the amount of time. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. That’s very insightful. Because I think—I should stop using— Dr. A: —I know, I know. D: —it now so I don’t… Dr. A: I mean, one way that I think a lot of people use their devices and computers would be for, you know, like watching movies or things like that. And I don't usually do that on my laptop. I mean, I might watch TV or something, but on an actual TV (laughter), not my computer. So I would say I don’t—I don't use it a lot for sort of non work related things. Um—like I said, I keep my photos on there. But so that would not be work related—but—ah—that’s about it. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. So for the next section, I'm going to ask you about the people and your social media interactions with your—with people around you through like, your text messages, �your emails, your records, or any orders—other type of social media platforms that you use, like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and or, you know, video calls such as Skype or FaceTime. Dr. A: Okay. D: And so I'm going to ask you like, the role of it in, you know, in—in your communication with other people and relationships that, you know, those apps and program help you to achieve or to form? Dr. A: Okay. D: So what kind of apps or program if any of you use to communicate with other people? Dr. A: So—um— to communicate with others, I used email. Um—I text though not with my laptop with my phone (laughter). D: (laughter) Dr. A; And what else do I do—Facebook? Um— I'm trying to think—those are really the only ones I use. I don't have an Instagram account, or um—Snapchat, or—what else and I don't really Skype. I have used Skype, but I don't use it regularly. So it's really just those three email texting and Facebook. Yeah. D: Um, what patterns do you notice in your communication and the role your device play in? Dr. A: So patterns and communication? Um—well, I guess specifically with my laptop email would be the main one. And so I use it for communication—um— both professionally and personally. So, you know, professionally—um—that’s how faculty communicate with one another, or you know, I communicate with—with colleagues and collaborators at other universities, primarily through email. Um—you know, committee work on campus, we're constantly emailing things, so I use it a lot that way. And then patterns in terms of—um—other sort of personal things, I guess, keeping up with friends, texting—ah—my parents, keep emailing, texting my parents, and then texting—ah— also communicating with my—my kids with friends, things like that. D: �So, you know, the one that you—ah—described, which one do you think would be like the thing—that—the program that you would use the most like not at your work per se, but in general? Dr. A: Oh okay. So um—probably still email. I think—I mean texting is important to me in terms of being able to communicate quickly and easily like with my kids, or with my husband, but other than that, email’s probably the most important one. D: Yes, thank you. Um, so what type of other interactions that you know—you don't use your device for that isn't reflected in the information on your device? Dr. A: Oh, that I don't use my device for? Um—well, lots of face to face interactions, for sure (laughter). D: (laughter) Dr. A: That would, I guess, be the main one and phone calls—ah— you know, actually picking up the phone and talking to people. Um, I mean, I guess that's the device though, but are you specifically asking about my laptop or just devices in general? D: Just your laptop. Dr. A: Oh, my laptop. Okay. So, um, yeah, I mean, primarily face to face interactions. D: Yes, ma’am. And I found out I like really—important—I’m not a big person on texting. You know, people like to use computers or any type of digital media to communicate, but I'd rather go out and find people to talk with. Dr. A: Yeah. D: It’s more fun than— (laughter) Dr. A: Yeah, definitely (supportive)! D: �Yes. So in the next session, I'm going to ask you about, you know, the places that you interact with using your device like there's certain apps and programs that allow you to navigate like you know, Google Maps, service location data on your on your phone, or local based social media that facilitate any type of you know—um— transportations, and as well as your calendar when you know, you have calendar to remind you of where to go, what place you need to be in at this moment, this hour, this time and so—um—if you have any sorts of device like that—um—what do you—which apps or programs you often used to navigate to discover location? Dr. A: Um—well, so I guess on my laptop, it would primarily be just the calendar function. So I put everything, you know, all my appointments and things like that—meetings on—on my calendar. So I would be pretty lost if I didn't have that. I—I don’t—I don't try to remember things in terms of where I need to be when, I just throw it all in there and hope for the best. Um—in terms of other sorts of things, I guess, I don't really use my laptop so much for the other things that you mentioned. It is my phone more for, you know, like using maps to get places or to find my way around, but, um, but don't really use my laptop that way. D: Yes, ma’am. And one other important things that I want to—um— mention is that on all devices, they have this thing called surface—oh no, location services— Dr. A: Ahah— D: —which mean it allowed people to track you on your laptop, do you have that kind of, you know, function or feature turned on? Or you keep it all for? Dr. A: Oh, I don't even know it's a good question. I'm not sure. D: Yeah, because you know, people could like usually if you like displaced your laptop—so you also use Apple laptop—displaced your Apple Apple laptop, and maybe you have the location service turn on, you could potentially able to find your laptop, like, where is it the things like that. But if you don't have it turned on, then of course, it won't be able to track your location. Dr. A: Right. D: But um—the tracking of location could be a very scary thing because others people could really, you know, get the information, you know, through the service tractor. Dr. A: Ahah. �D: Yes. Um, do you often use your laptop to find places? Like to look on maps, or any thing to like, find any type of place? Dr. A: Um, oh, sometimes I guess I did not frequently, but occasionally—find me—if I'm looking. So if I happen to, you know, needs to look up where something is located—ah— occasionally I'll look up—um—- my kids are playing on sports teams, and I have to look up where the school is that they're playing at or something like that. D: How did you first learn how to navigate to new locations? It doesn't have to be like using any sort of device—like it could be just like memory or remember the landmarks and everything. So how do you first learn to navigate? Dr. A: How do I do it? Now, if I have to go somewhere new or you mean when I first started? D: Yeah, first started. Dr. A: Oh. So I mean, when I first started having to find my way around—ah—when I first was driving or something like that—um—none of this stuff existed. D: Yeah (laughter). Dr. A: I had paper maps that I would use to—ah—in graduate school. For example, for a couple of summers, one of my jobs was to do interviews, like what you're doing with families with children—it was a research project. And so I had to find people's houses all over the city where I was, and I had this massive map. I mean, it was huge, that had like, every possible road on it. And so I would, if I knew where I was going, if I had to go to find a new home, I would, you know, study up before I left and figure out exactly what I needed to do to get there. D: Yeah ma’am, like, currently, I'm really struggle and reading like paper map (laughter). Dr. A: Yeah (laughter). D: Like before, when I go to the—um—when I came to visit Oxford, and I have to figure out what a building is. I just looked at the paper map and I go like—I can't do this (laughter)! �Dr. A: Yup! D: Like not—this is not something for me to do. Dr. A: Yes. Well, you would have been able to probably in the past if you'd had to (laughter). D: (laughter) Yes, this is something I found out really insightful. When you know, people have to learn things— Dr. A: Yes. D: —or all sorts of things like that. Um—so in the next part, I'm going to ask you like—the media that you usually use it on—like the media is such as like social media posts, text, photos, music, video, TV shows, movies and game that you read, listen, watch or play, or it's something that you created or distributed. So any type of medium like that would considered to be a media, and I would want to find out like, what apps or programs do you usually used to facilitate, you know, the creation or, you know, the sharing or, you know, something that you do? Dr. A: Okay. So, you mean, just what are the programs that I use to share that kind of thing? D: Yes ma’am. Dr. A: Um—so, again, I guess email would be the primary one or maybe Facebook—ah—posting photos or something like that on Facebook. D: Yes ma’am. Would you say like—like if you were to produce something like you produced have written paper, you know, PowerPoints or any kind of multimodal media, what sort of program would you use it for? Dr. A: What, how would I create it? Or how would I get— D: —yeah—um—so what program you use to create those? �Dr. A: Oh, I'm so Word Documents or a PowerPoint, but that's probably—that’s probably about it. I don't create a lot of stuff on my—on my laptop. D: Yes. Um, can you give me some example of the media that is especially significant to you like the usually, like do you usually watch any type of movie TV shows? Or—or it could be like, photos that you save on your laptop, or you know, music that was saved on your laptop and things like that. Dr. A: Um, I guess I don't really—ah—the only thing I really do on my laptop that way would be photos. D: Yes ma’am. So yeah, my— my parents are to like, they’re—they like taking—they start to really taking a lot of pictures now that, you know, the camera is so relevant nowadays. It is like you just pull out your phone and took pictures and so on. They're like devices, they would have loads and loads of pictures. Dr. A: Yes. Yeah. I am—I used a regular digital SLR camera, but then I always download everything to my computer. D: Yes. Um, can you give me some examples of the media you produce or altered in any ways? Dr. A: On my laptop? D: Yes, ma'am. Dr. A: Um, I guess just photo. I mean—I don't usually—I don't produce them that way, but alter maybe. I mean, occasionally I play around with them and, you know, change the colors or something like that, but not very much. D: Yes, ma'am. Thank you. Um, tell me about your strategy for storing your media, like, how do you manage, you know, your photos, your music, your TV shows if you have any? Dr. A: Um, so I have some external hard drives. And I just try to frequently, you know, copy stuffs over to that, but I don't do anything very sophisticated to store it or organize it. �D: Yes, ma'am. Um, can you tell me about strat—any strategies that you may have for protecting your privacy with your media usage? Dr. A: Um, so, I mean, we have through the Emory system, you know, logging on to email and things like that is fairly well protected, I think, but I don't really do anything specific to… D: Yes, ma'am. I think like, regular password on a computer. Dr. A: Oh, yeah. Yeah, so right. I have a password and things like that, but nothing out of the ordinary. D: Yes, ma'am. So what important media that is not reflected in the inflammation on your device? For example, you may read newspaper or magazines, listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies, or play video games, or you may be involved in creating such media. So, you know, what types of things that you do that doesn't involve your device? Dr. A: Um, let's see. So well, I just mentioned taking photos. I use a camera to do that. Um—movies and TV—I just watch TV on a on a TV (laughter). D: (laughter). Dr. A: I like to go to movies—in the movie theater. What other things do I do? I guess reading—ah—I didn't think about that earlier, but yeah, I—I do read the newspaper a lot on my laptop. And so I don't get a hard copy of the newspaper anymore. What else did you mentioned? Oh, listening to the radio. I do that a lot. When I'm driving. I listen to the news. What other things do I do?Reading? I like to read magazines, sometimes, so by actual hard copies of magazines, or journals, academic journals. Sometimes I still read the hard copies. Hmm—those are the main ones I can think of. D: Yes, ma'am. So my question is, do you usually read academic journals or finding information through your laptop? Dr. A: Yeah, I would say, usually, I used—to use my laptop to do that. I'm searching, you know, through the library or various databases, but I still get some journals, the hard copy. And so I read them, you know, that way. D: �Yes ma’am, thank you. And so this is the last part of the interview. Dr. A: Okay, great. D: And in this final section, I would like you to reflect on your history with the device and the apps that you shared with me. So it going to be focusing on how you learn to use them. Dr. A: Ah, okay. D: It's a process of how you, you know, able to use the device that you are using. So, um, how did you start using digital technology? How your relationship with it has changed over time? Dr. A: Oh, it's changed a lot over time! So I guess the first time I ever used a computer was—when I was in college. And there was a little computer lab in the library—um—so this was before the time that anybody would have had a personal computer. I went to college with a—with a typewriter. And it—it actually gets—what’s called a word processor. So it had like, it could store maybe a couple of lines of text. But we had a computer lab in the library for the whole campus. And there were maybe, I don't know, 20 computers or something like that. So that was the first time that I ever used a computer. Occasionally, I'd have to go—I took a computer science class, so we'd have to go do stuff in the computer lab, or—I’m trying to think—once I got into college a little bit further and started learning statistics and various things like that, where I need to use computer programs. I didn't have one myself, but the psychology department started getting their own computers. And so I learned through classes that I took and things like that. So instead of just kind of having it and figuring it out, usually I was directly, which I think is how a lot of people learn now. D: (laughter). Dr. A: Um—a lot of the things that I learned when I first started using computers, you know, it's directly taught by professors, you know, here's how you do this. D: Yeah. Dr. A: And then you asked kind of how it's changed over time. I mean, it went dramatically from, you know, having like 20 computers on campus for the whole entire campus to—people have—by the time I got to graduate school, that was the first time I actually owned my own computer. And �so I had it, you know, in my apartment. And so that was a big change to actually own a computer. And then I didn't get a laptop until, maybe, gosh, my last year or so of graduate school. And that was a huge—ah—that was a big step to be able to, you know, carry it with me and have a computer that was portable. And then I mean, other technology. So my phone is the other device that I use regularly now, and I didn't have a phone until I was an adult (laughter). D: (laughter). Dr. A: They didn't really exist prior to that. D: That is something I could relate to because I didn't actually have my phone until I enter high school. Dr. A: Okay. D: It's because my mom started worried that you know, in high school, you have to do a lot of extracurricular activities. Dr. A: Yeah. D: And so she was like, well, you—we need communication somehow, and so that's the first time I get my phone. But before that, I don't have a phone going through school or laptop at all. Dr. A: Yeah. D: I just get my laptop and my phone as well when I entered high school. Dr. A: Uh huh. D: Ma’am, so from, you know, from the process of you learning how to use a computer, what do you find is the most complex and difficult for you to learn? Dr. A: Um, so I—ah—I don’t really know how to solve technology problems. �[Interruption] Dr. A: Okay. Um, yeah, so if something goes wrong, I don’t—I'm not very good at fixing it. So we have a fabulous IT department at Oxford. And so if something goes wrong, I call them immediately. So I'm not great at—that’s hard for me. I don’t—I don't really understand computers very well. So if something isn't working the way that it's supposed to be working, I'm not great at being able to figure out on my own how to fix it. D: Yes, ma'am. Like programs that you particularly find—okay, can you give me like some example of the programs that you particularly find difficult to use? Dr. A: Programs? Um, well, gosh, I'm trying to think (pause). I’m try to think of a specific kind of program (pause). There's some statistics programs that—that I use that I find challenging sometimes, but just the kind of everyday programs that I use. I can't think of any that I find particularly challenging. D: Oh, it's fine. Um—do you usually, can you—well, can you tell me how, or when you learn to complete or, you know, overcome, you know, difficulties that you have with, you know, your computer—your laptop? Dr. A: um, I would say I’m getting better at and well, computers, I think are getting a lot easier to figure out, and they're more intuitive, especially Macs. I feel like our—ah—kind of intuitive, and so I'm getting better at just sort of trying things. And instead of being afraid that like, “Oh no if I do something wrong, I'm going to break it or so?” But I would say I'm not over that fear completely. D: I could understand (laughter). Dr. A: (laughter). D: When I was downloading something, I’m making sure that “Will this break this computer? Will it go so slow that I can't do anything?” Dr. A: Right. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, can you tell me about any activities you wish you knew how to complete with your device? �Dr. A: Um, let's see, I guess I wish I were a little bit savvier at using social media. So—um—ah—and I— I don't think it would be hard to do, I just have not taken the time to do it. So I'm not on Instagram, for example, or Twitter, not that I really want to be on Twitter. But uh, yeah. So I don't know. I just don't have experience with those. So kind of learning more about other types of social media might be helpful. D: Yes, ma'am. I’m also lack of—lack of experience. Dr. A: Yeah, D: Those things to like—I don’t usually, like I mentioned before, I like talking to people face to face and actually initiating meets up and stuff like that instead of using social media. So I'm not really a savvy user either. Dr. A: Yeah (laughter). D: So I could completely understand that. Um—so do you feel like you have the digital skills to operate effectively in a professional context? How so? Can you tell me about how you are gauging that? Dr. A: Hmm. Um, yeah. So I think for the most part, I would say yes. Again, I think we're fortunate at Oxford that we have—we have a great IT part—department. And we also have a group of people who are really focused on academic technology. So they are constantly showing us, you know, new programs and new ways of using technology in our teaching. So I rely on them a lot to help me. And occasionally, I will go to them and say, “Hey, I want to do something like this, is there a way that I can do that?” So I tend to seek out help if there are things that I need help on. So as long as I am able to do that, then I would say yes, I— I feel okay about having that the skills that I need to, you know, to, to do what I need to do at work. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, for your personal contexts? Do you feel like you also have the necessary skills? Dr. A: Um, yes, and no. Now that my children are getting older, I will sometimes hand my phone to one of them and say, “Can you fix this for me?” or “Show me how this works?” So, I mean, yeah, I think—I think I'm doing okay. But there are certainly things that I don't know and don't understand (laughter). �D: Yes ma’am. Um—how would you describe someone who is digitally literate? Dr. A: Digitally literate? Um—well, I guess I would— I guess I think about that in terms of—sort of along the lines of what you were just asking—ah—of, you know, if you have a—have a question or something you want to do that uses digital or uses technology that you either know already how to do it, or know how to get the resources that—you access the resources that you need to be able to do that. Yeah, so I guess I would think about that it's digitally literate. D: Yes, ma'am. Um, how would you—would you consider yourself digitally literate? If so, how do you learn to be digitally literate? If not, why not? Would you still like to learn in order to be digitally literate? Dr. A: So I guess I would think of that more on a continuum. Um—so in—certainly in the ways that I feel like I need for my job, or even for the most part in my personal life, I would say that I'm digitally literate. But I also know that there are many, many, many, many things that I don't know how to do. And yeah, so I guess I think about it more as a continuum than kind of an either or digitally literate or illiterate. So I fully recognize that there's a lot more than I could learn, but—um—but I guess I feel like I have what I need, now. D: Yeah. That’s is really, like, I feel the same thing. Like there's a lot of people able to use this very complex program, and I won’t—I don't know how to use them. But I still feel like I know enough in order to facilitate what I'm trying to do. And so that would be something I consider to be digitally literate as well. So—um—is there anything else you would like me to know? Is there is there something I did not ask that I should have asked? Dr. A: I don't think so. If you and as you're writing your paper, if you have other questions, and you want to come back, feel free to do that, but I don't know if anything else to tell you. D: Okay, thank you very much! Dr. A: Sure! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2018 APDH Interviews-Pre-1980 Birthdates Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview D (pseudonym) Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dr. A (pseudonym) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transcript Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 16 pages State/Province of Residence The state or province in which the interviewee currently resides Georgia, USA State/Province of Birth The state or province in which the interviewee was born Virginia, USA Five-year birth range The five-year range in which the interviewee was born 1970-1975 Nationalities All nationalities reported by the interviewee American Gender Gender identified by the interviewee (female, male, non-binary/third gender) Female Race or ethnicity The interviewee's reported race or ethnicity Caucasian Socioeconomic class The interviewee's reported socioeconomic class (working class, middle class, upper middle class, upper class) Upper Middle Class Main Languages Main languages reported by the interviewee English Occupation Professor Length of digital device access The length of time the interviewee has had access to any digital device (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 24 years Age of regular digital device acess The age the interviewee first owned or had regular in-home access to a digital device of some sort (computer, mobile phone, gaming system, etc.) 22 years old Coding/markup languages Coding or markup languages with which the interviewee reports familiarity N/A Device Type Type of device the interviewee chose to be interviewed about. Laptop Computer Device Make and Model The make and model of the device the interviewee chose as particularly significant for them. MacBook Pro Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview with a Psychology Professor About Her Evolving Experiences with Technology Description An account of the resource Interview #10 - Pre-1980 Birthdate This is an oral history interview with Dr. A, a Caucasian female, currently teaching at Oxford College of Emory University. Since my interviewee decided to use a pseudonym, I respected her decision and gave her the pseudonym of Dr. A. The interviewee discussed the relationship of technology between the social and digital interactions one may experience by using the specific type of technology. Technology use differs from one person to another, and so Dr. A drew on her specific experiences and how she viewed the device that she regularly used in her life. Thus, the interview expands our understanding of what “digital literacy” means to different people. This interview started after the briefing of informed consent and background intake, as well as, the overview of the interview. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Oxford College of Emory University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Adobe PDF Language A language of the resource English Apple MacBook Pre-1980 Birthdate professor psychologist